The document discusses the concept of peri-urbanization, which refers to the dispersive urban growth that creates hybrid rural-urban landscapes in the areas surrounding cities. Some key points about peri-urbanization include: - Peri-urban areas are growing rapidly worldwide and account for almost as much built development as urban areas. - This rapid growth risks increased urban sprawl, but also presents opportunities to improve quality of life and link cities to surrounding rural areas more sustainably. - Peri-urbanization is driven by population growth, shifting employment from agriculture to other sectors, and rising land costs. - Most future rural-urban land conversion will occur in peri-urban areas, presenting environmental and service delivery challenges

1. TOPIC:PERI URBANISATION
SUBJECT: UNDERSTANDING THE INDIAN CITIES
SUBMITTED BY: PADAMATIKONA SWAPNIKA, 153710006, MUDD 2ND
SEM, FOA, MIT
DEFINATION:
Peri-urbanisation relates to those processes of dispersive urban growth that creates hybrid landscapes of fragmented
urban and rural characteristics
Examples are:
 Outskirts or hinterland at the surrounding areas of city
 Rurban space
 Landscape/area between rural and urban areas
 Rural-urban transition zone
ORIGIN:
The expression originates from the French word périurbanisation, which is even used by INSEE (the French statistics
agency) to describe spaces—between the city and the countryside—that are shaped by the urbanisation of former rural
areas in the urban fringe, both in a qualitative (e.g. diffusion of urban lifestyle) and in a quantitative (e.g. new
residential zones) sense
WHAT IS PERI URBAN?
The peri-urban is the area between urban settlement areas and their rural hinterland. Larger peri-urban areas can
include towns and villages within an urban agglomeration. Such areas are often fast changing, with complex patterns
of land use and landscape, fragmented between local or regional boundaries.
WHY THE PERI-URBAN?
The peri-urban – the space around urban areas which merges into the rural landscape – is growing rapidly. There is
about 48,000 km2 of built development in peri-urban areas, almost equal to that in urban areas. But while most urban
areas are now slow growing (at 0.5-0.6% per year), built development in peri-urban areas is growing at four times this
rate.
There are many impacts of such rapid expansion. In many cases the result is sprawl, with increasing problems of
social segregation, urban decline, wasted land, and dependency on oil for transport. However, there are examples of
alternatives, with opportunities for improved quality of life, green infrastructure, better linkages between city and
countryside, and more sustainable urban and rural development.

2. How to avoid the sprawl and achieve the opportunities in europe? A wide range of trends, projections and policy
responses have been investigated by PLUREL, an Integrated Project under the EU’s 6th Framework Programme (EC
FP6 036921). Emerging from this is a set of recommendations for policy.
Overall, the challenges of the peri-urban need to be addressed at the wider strategic level of the surrounding ‘rural-
urban region’. This requires more effective local government, alongside new forms of social enterprise and
cooperation, for ‘integrated development’ (i.e. ‘joined-up policy’) in the rural-urban region.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERIURBANIZATION PROCESS, PARTICULARLY IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, INCLUDE:
 Changing economic structure, encompassing a shift from an agriculturally based to a manufacturing
dominated economy
 Changing employment structure, shifting from agriculture to manufacturing
 Rapid population growth and urbanization, a phenomenon often not captured in official data because the
populations of peri urban regions tend to be significantly undercounted—in many countries, immigrants do
not officially register as local residents. Many peri urban areas, furthermore, are still defined as rural,
contributing significantly to an undercount of the urban population.
 Changing spatial development patterns and rising land costs.
FACTS ON PERI-URBANISATION:
 Today, peri urban have the same amount of built up land as in urban areas, only differing is in population
density. Population in peri urban areas are half less densely populated than in urban areas
 There is a real risk of increasing urban sprawl: The growth of built development of peri-urban areas will be up
to 3.7 times as high as in European urban areas.
 European-wide projections of built development in peri-urban areas are for 1.4 – 2.5% per annum – if such
trends continue. Total built development in peri-urban areas could double between 2040 – 2060.
 Similar modelling on the impacts of urbanisation show that land fragmentation, loss of habitats and amenity
values will all be more serious in the peri-urban than today.
 Meanwhile, the peri-urban is also a place of innovation and increasing employment in the service and IT
sectors: 25% of peri-urban regions are classified as ‘highly innovative’..
CONCLUSION:
 Peri urban areas are at the forefront of social, economic, and built environment change worldwide. They are
also disproportionately important in terms of population, economic growth, and as arenas of social change.
 Most of the world’s rural to urban land conversion will occur in these areas over the next 25 years, with
significant environmental implications. Rapid population and economic growth, in the face of rural oriented,
low capacity, and fragmented peri urban local governments, will result in significant stresses in terms of the
delivery of social and environmental services, transportation infrastructure, etc. At the same time, if in-
migration to these regions exceeds employment creation, hyper urbanization will occur, with its associated
human suffering and destabilizing impacts.

3.  Although peri urban issues and drivers exhibit similarities throughout the world, outcomes vary widely. This
variation is to a large extent, dependent on policy frameworks, competencies of local and senior
governments, and the ability of households, civil society, and the private sector to adapt.
 Peri urban regions are the site of ladders of opportunity, offering entry level jobs in manufacturing industries,
and are critical to national economic performance. Thus there is a need for researchers and policy makers to
substantially improve their understanding of these regions. Given that Latin America is essentially fully
urbanized, and that strong extended urban region economies are unlikely to emerge in Africa for several
decades, and FDI and expansion of manufacturing in Southeast Asia is in relative decline, China will be the
main focus of peri urbanization over the next two decades. It is estimated that close to 200 million people will
be added to China’s peri urban areas over the next 25 years. Obviously the stakes, in terms of getting policy
frameworks right to guide peri urbanization, are high, especially in China
REFERENCES:
http://www.eolss.net/eolsssamplechapters/c14/e1-18-02/e1-18-02-txt.aspx
http://www.plurel.net/images/peri_urbanisation_in_europe_printversion.pdf
http://rga.revues.org/index132.html
http://rdgs.dk/djg/pdfs/111/1/DJG_1-2011_WEB_59-72.pdf
http://zbmed.fiz-karlsruhe.de/pubman/item/escidoc:55024:3/component/escidoc:55021/b349342f-dcbb-46ed-b047-b8f5d3280e27.pdf