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Pass Transistor
Logic
Agenda










Introduction
VLSI Design methodologies
Review of MOS Transistor Theory
Inverter – Nucleus of Digital Integrated Electronics
Static CMOS Logic Circuits
Pseudo nMOS Logic Circuits
Pass Transistor Logic Circuits
Dynamic Logic Circuits
Case Studies
Pass Transistor Logic
Circuits
 nMOS

Pass transistor – transmission
properties
 Transmission Gates
 Transmission Gate Applications
 Mux
 XOR
 D Latch
 D Flip Flop
 Clock Skew management
 Pass Transistor Logic Families
nMOS Pass Transistor – Logic ‘1’
Transfer
nMOS Pass Transistor – Logic
‘0’ Transfer
PASS TRANSISTORS IN
SERIES
PASS TRANSISTOR LOGIC
CIRCUITS
 nMOS

Pass transistor – transmission properties
 Transmission Gates
 Transmission Gate Applications
 Mux
 XOR
 D Latch
 D Flip Flop
 Clock Skew management
 Pass Transistor Logic Families
TRANSMISSION GATES

 NMOS

pass transistor passes a strong 0 and a weak 1.
 PMOS pass transistor passes a strong 1 and a weak 0.
 Combine the two to make a CMOS pass gate which will
pass a strong 0 and a strong 1.
TRANSMISSION GATE
PROBLEMS WITH
TRANSMISSION GATES
 No

isolation between the input and output.
 Output progressively deteriorates as it passes through
various stages.
However designs get simplified.
TRANSMISSION GATE - LAYOUT
PASS TRANSISTOR LOGIC
CIRCUITS
 nMOS

Pass transistor – transmission properties
 Transmission Gates
 Transmission Gate Applications
 Mux
 XOR
 D Latch
 D Flip Flop
 Clock Skew management
 Pass Transistor Logic Families
Multiplexor
Pass Transistor Logic Circuits
 nMOS

Pass transistor – transmission properties
 Transmission Gates
 Transmission Gate Applications
 Mux
 XOR
 D Latch
 D Flip Flop
 Clock Skew management
 Pass Transistor Logic Families
XOR gate
PASS TRANSISTOR LOGIC
CIRCUITS
 nMOS

Pass transistor – transmission properties
 Transmission Gates
 Transmission Gate Applications
 Mux
 XOR
 D Latch
 D Flip Flop
 Clock Skew management
 Pass Transistor Logic Families
D – Latch
TIMING ISSUES
D LATCH
D - LATCH
D LATCH – ALTERNATE CIRCUIT
TOPOLOGY
PASS TRANSISTOR LOGIC
CIRCUITS
 nMOS

Pass transistor – transmission properties
 Transmission Gates
 Transmission Gate Applications
 Mux
 XOR
 D Latch
 D Flip Flop
 Clock Skew management
 Pass Transistor Logic Families
Static Flip Flop
Clk
D

Clk

0

1

1

0

Transparent when
Clk=0

Q

Transparent when
Clk=1

At Clk= 0 → 1, Q = D. Else Q is held.
D Flip Flop – Circuit
Diagram
D Flip Flop - Operation
D Flip Flop - Waveforms
Pass Transistor Logic Circuits
 nMOS

Pass transistor – transmission properties
 Transmission Gates
 Transmission Gate Applications
 Mux
 XOR
 D Latch
 D Flip Flop
 Clock Skew management
 Pass Transistor Logic Families
Handling Clock Skew

Clkin

Clk

Clk'
Pass Transistor Logic Circuits
 nMOS

Pass transistor – transmission properties
 Transmission Gates
 Transmission Gate Applications
 Mux
 XOR
 D Latch
 D Flip Flop
 Clock Skew management
 Pass Transistor Logic Families
Pass Transistor Logic
Families




Complementary Pass Transistor Logic Family
Dual Pass Transistor Logic Family
Swing Restored Pass Transistor Logic Family
Problems
 Design

4 to 1 multiplexor using transmission-gates.
 Implement an XOR gate using minimum number of
transistors.
 Implement a full adder using transmission gates.
Solution - 1
C1

C'0
A0
C0
A1
A2
A3

C'1
Y
Solution - 2
C'0
A0
C0
A1
A2
A3

C'1
C1

Y
XOR Gate

A

B

A⊕B

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Pass transistor logic