Parts of speech - form classes.pptx
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Parts of speech are the building blocks of grammar and are classified into nine main categories: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, conjunction, preposition, interjection, article, and pronoun. The document provides details on the definition, identification, and formation of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs through inflectional and derivational morphemes. Nouns are names of people, places, things, or ideas and can take different roles in a sentence. Verbs express actions and take different forms to express tense. Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns and can be formed through suffixes. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and can be formed through suffixes or
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The document discusses the different types of parts of speech in the English language. It focuses on nouns and pronouns. There are eight main parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Nouns can be common or proper, countable or uncountable, compound, possessive, gender-specific, verbal, and more. Pronouns are used in place of nouns and include personal, possessive, reflexive, relative, demonstrative, indefinite, interrogative, reciprocal, and intensive pronouns. Understanding parts of speech is essential for proper use of language.
Parts of Speech
This document defines and provides examples of the 8 parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it discusses key types and how they are used in sentences. It also covers noun number and gender agreements, as well as how adjectives and adverbs form comparisons.
Nouns
The document defines nouns and their types and provides examples. It explains that nouns name people, places, things, and ideas. There are different types of nouns including common, proper, compound, collective, concrete, and abstract. The document also discusses how to form the plural and possessive forms of nouns and lists exceptions to standard rules.
Word Classes - An Introduction
This document provides an introduction to word classes and parts of speech. It discusses the different types of nouns, including common nouns, proper nouns, countable nouns, and uncountable nouns. It also covers adjectives and how they are used to describe nouns. Finally, it examines verbs and the different verb forms, including main verbs, auxiliary verbs, and the perfect and progressive aspects. The document is intended to teach the basics of grammar and parts of speech.
Adjectives
This document provides information about different types of adjectives in English including:
- Adjectives of quality, quantity, number, demonstrative, interrogative, and comparison of adjectives.
- It discusses attributive adjectives and their order, as well as distinguishing adjectival participles from verbal participles. Stativity of adjectives is also covered comparing them to nouns and verbs. The summary focuses on the key types and uses of adjectives.
Eight Parts of Speech.pdf
This document defines and provides examples of the eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. It discusses the definition and types of each part of speech, including singular and plural nouns, personal and demonstrative pronouns, action and linking verbs, comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs, and coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Examples are provided to illustrate the key aspects of each part of speech.
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- 1. Parts of Speech : Form - Classes
- 2. Parts of Speech A part of speech is a term used in grammar for one of the nine main categories into which words are classified according to their functions in sentences, such as nouns or verbs. Also known as word classes, these are the building blocks of grammar.
- 3. Types • Noun • Verb • Adjective • Adverb • Conjunction • Preposition • Interjunction • Article • Pronoun
- 4. Noun A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea such as college, house, happiness . Nouns are often preceded by an article (the, a, an), but not always. Proper nouns always start with a capital letter . Nouns can be singular or plural. Noun can take different roles within a sentence; Noun can be a subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, or object of a preposition.
- 5. Ways of identification There are two ways to identify nouns as nouns : their inflectional morphemes and their derivational morphemes. The inflectional morphemes are { -s pl } plural and { - s ps } possessive . Ex. The authors seem tired. Ex. Mother’s cake is so good.
- 6. The derivational morphemes ( suffixes ) can be added to verbs , adjectives , nouns , adverbs to form ( derive ) nouns . For example , - The quality is pure. The quality is purity. adjective noun
- 7. Derivational suffixes Derivational suffix Source derived noun - ance Accept v. Acceptance - ment Achieve v. Achievement - tion Deceive v. deception - ure Depart v. Departure - ity Deform v. Deformity - ing Paint v. Painting - ness Big adj. bigness - ism Ideal adj. Idealism - th True adj. Truth - ship Friend n. Friend ship - dom King n. Kingdom
- 8. Verb Verb expresses the action of the sentence. There is a main verb and sometimes one or more helping verbs. For example , -She can sing. Sing the main verb; can the helping verb. Verb must agree with its subject in number (both are singular or both are plural). Verbs also take different forms to express tense.
- 9. Verbs can have three , four , or five different inflectional forms Stem Present Third- Person singular Present Participle Past tense Past participle Rise Rises Rising Rose Risen Cut Cuts Cutting Cut Cut Play Plays Playing played played
- 10. Identification Derivational suffix Source Derived verb - e Bath n. Bathe - ify Beauty n. Beautify - ize Colony n. Colonize - en Length n. Lengthen - ve Strife n. Strive - en Ripe adj. Ripen Note : Sometimes the change from noun or adjective to verb is combined with a change in the pronunciation for the vowels .
- 11. Adjectives An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun such as sweet , hot , beautiful . Adjectives can be inflected with –er and –est , can be changed to adverbs with the addition of –ly , and can be changed to nouns with –ness .
- 12. Ways of identification There are two ways to identify adjectives : 1- inflectional suffixes adjective { -er cp } comparative { -est sp } superlative Hot Hotter Hottest Small smaller Smallest
- 13. 2- derivational suffixes Derivational suffix source Derived adjective - ish Child n. Childish - y Cloud n. Cloudy - al Culture n, Cultural - ic Economy n. Economic - able Peace n. Peaceable - ous Courage n. Courageous - ive Collect v. Collective - ly Dead adj. Deadly
- 14. Forming adjectives from bound morphemes • Loc- + -al = local • Frag- + -ile = fragile • Cert- + -ain = certain • Curi- + -ous = curious • Terri- + -fic = terrific
- 15. Adverbs An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb such as carefully , well , extremely . There are four ways to form adverbs : 1- by the addition of – ly fortunate fortunately
- 16. 2- by the addition of – wise student studentwise 3- by the addition of –ward north northward 4- by the addition of – s to the expressions of time night nights