The document discusses the vocative case in grammar. The vocative is a nominal element added to a sentence to refer to the person being addressed. It can occur initially, medially, or finally in a sentence. The vocative may take several forms, including a single noun with or without a title, the pronoun "you", terms of family relationship, endearments, titles of respect, marks of profession or status, nominal clauses, or a noun with modifiers. Examples of each type of vocative are provided.
2. 7.31 The Vocative
Vocative is a nominal element that is added
to the sentence ( initially , medially , finally )
to refer to one or more to whom it is
addressed
Ex: John , I want you.
Ex:You , my friend , will have to work harder.
Ex: It’s a lovely day , Layla.
3. 7.32 Inform ,vocative may be
1- Single noun with or without title
Ex: John , Mr. John
2-You , an indefinite pronoun
Ex: Behave yourself , you
4. 3- Family relation ship
Ex: Dad , Mom
4- Endearment
Ex: My darling , Dear , Love
5-Titles of respect
Ex: Sir , Madam , My Lord
5. 6- Marks of profession or status
Ex: Mr. President , Bishop
7- Nominal clause
Ex:Whoever said that
8-The addition of modifiers
Ex: My dear Mr.John
