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 Notional concord is agreement of verb with subject
according to the idea of number rather than the actual
presence of the grammatical marker for that idea:
Ex: The government have broken all their promises.
 Proximity denotes agreement of the verb with whatever
noun or pronoun closely preceded it :
Ex: One in ten take drugs.
Collective nouns ( notionally plural but
grammatically singular ) obey notional concord:
Ex: The public are tired of demonstrations.
Ex: The audience were enjoying every minute of it.
 Coordinated subject is a subject consists of
two or more noun phrases joined by ‘ and’.
appositional ( no reduction is possible)
the two structures are referring to the
 Coordinated subject same thing
non-appositional ( reduction is possible )
the two structures are referring to two
things occasionally they are similar
 Non-appositional ( verb in plural form )
Ex: Tom and Mary are now ready.
Tom is now ready and Mary is now ready .
Note : Sometimes the non-appositional coordinated subject represents a single
entity . The verb in this case will be in singular form :
Ex: The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flag pole,
a sign in the flag
 Appositional ( verb in singular form )
Ex: This temple of ugliness and memorial to Victorian bad taste was erected at
the Queen’s express wish.
Note : The interpretation of the appositional coordinated subject
isn't always easy whether the noun represents one or
two things or persons:
Ex: His younger brother and the subsequent editor of his collected paper was /
were with him at his death-bed.
Ex: Your fairness and impartiality has / have been much appreciated.
1- Coordinated modifiers ( adjectives ) + a single noun +
plural verb
Ex : Good and bad taste are indicated by example.
2- Subject is a clause that is composed of two structures
is followed by a verb in plural form
Ex: What I say and think are no business of yours.
What I say + What I think
 Either + singular noun + or + singular noun + singular verb
Either the Mayor or his deputy is bound to come.
 Either + plural noun + or + plural noun + plural verb
Either the strikers or the bosses have misunderstood.
 Either + plural noun + or + singular noun + singular verb
Either your brakes or your eyesight is at fault.
 Either + singular noun + or + plural noun + plural verb
Either your eyesight or your brakes are at fault
 Neither + singular noun + nor + singular noun + plural verb
Ex: Neither his wife nor he have arrived
Note : ‘ nor ‘ means and
 More than + singular noun + singular verb
Ex: More than one person has protested against the proposal.
 More than + plural noun + plural verb
 Ex: More than a thousand inhabitants have signed the petition.

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Chapter seven - lecture 8

  • 1.
  • 2.  Notional concord is agreement of verb with subject according to the idea of number rather than the actual presence of the grammatical marker for that idea: Ex: The government have broken all their promises.  Proximity denotes agreement of the verb with whatever noun or pronoun closely preceded it : Ex: One in ten take drugs.
  • 3. Collective nouns ( notionally plural but grammatically singular ) obey notional concord: Ex: The public are tired of demonstrations. Ex: The audience were enjoying every minute of it.
  • 4.  Coordinated subject is a subject consists of two or more noun phrases joined by ‘ and’. appositional ( no reduction is possible) the two structures are referring to the  Coordinated subject same thing non-appositional ( reduction is possible ) the two structures are referring to two things occasionally they are similar
  • 5.  Non-appositional ( verb in plural form ) Ex: Tom and Mary are now ready. Tom is now ready and Mary is now ready . Note : Sometimes the non-appositional coordinated subject represents a single entity . The verb in this case will be in singular form : Ex: The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flag pole, a sign in the flag
  • 6.  Appositional ( verb in singular form ) Ex: This temple of ugliness and memorial to Victorian bad taste was erected at the Queen’s express wish. Note : The interpretation of the appositional coordinated subject isn't always easy whether the noun represents one or two things or persons: Ex: His younger brother and the subsequent editor of his collected paper was / were with him at his death-bed. Ex: Your fairness and impartiality has / have been much appreciated.
  • 7. 1- Coordinated modifiers ( adjectives ) + a single noun + plural verb Ex : Good and bad taste are indicated by example. 2- Subject is a clause that is composed of two structures is followed by a verb in plural form Ex: What I say and think are no business of yours. What I say + What I think
  • 8.  Either + singular noun + or + singular noun + singular verb Either the Mayor or his deputy is bound to come.  Either + plural noun + or + plural noun + plural verb Either the strikers or the bosses have misunderstood.  Either + plural noun + or + singular noun + singular verb Either your brakes or your eyesight is at fault.  Either + singular noun + or + plural noun + plural verb Either your eyesight or your brakes are at fault
  • 9.  Neither + singular noun + nor + singular noun + plural verb Ex: Neither his wife nor he have arrived Note : ‘ nor ‘ means and  More than + singular noun + singular verb Ex: More than one person has protested against the proposal.  More than + plural noun + plural verb  Ex: More than a thousand inhabitants have signed the petition.