This document discusses parenteral controlled drug delivery systems with an emphasis on injectable systems. It defines parenteral administration as introducing substances into the body through routes other than the mouth, such as infusion, injection, or implantation. The objectives of controlled release parenteral systems are to maintain therapeutic drug concentrations for longer periods by reducing side effects and increasing bioavailability and effectiveness. Common injectable routes include intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous. Injectable systems can be solutions, microspheres, liposomes, suspensions, or solid-liquid nanoparticles designed for sustained release. The document outlines various types of injectable delivery systems and their characteristics.

1. PARENTERAL CONTROLLED DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM EMPHASIS ON
INJECTABLE SYSTEM
Presented By
SOVAN KAYAL
M.PHARM[PHARMACEUTICS]

2. INTRODUCTION
Parenteral is the introduction of nutrition, a medication, or other
substance into the body via a route other than the mouth, especially
via infusion, injection or implantation.
The aim of controlled release drug delivery systems is to maintain
plasma concentration of drugs within the therapeutic window for a
longer period of time.
The parenteral administration route is the most common and efficient
for delivery of active drug substance with poor bio-availability and
the drug with a narrow therapeutic index.

3. OBJECTIVES
1.Site-Specific delivery
2.Reduce side effects
3.Increase Bio-availability
4.Increase therapeutic effectiveness

4. ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION OF PDDS
Common Routes:
 Intravenous
 Intramuscular
 Subcutaneous
 Transdermal
Other routes:
 Intra-arterial
 Intraarticular
 Intracardiac
 Intradermal
 Intravaginal
 Transmucosal

5. CLASSIFICATION OF PARENTERAL
CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Injectable Drug Delivery System
Implantable Drug Delivery System

6. INJECTABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
1. In situ forming drug delivery system
2. Solutions
3. Microspheres
4. Liposomes
5. Suspension
6. Solid liquid nanoparticles

7. In situ forming drug delivery system:
1. THERMOPLASTIC PASTES:
Semisolid polymers which injected as a melt and form a depot upon cooling to
body temperature.
2. IN SITU CROSS LINKED POLYMER SYSTEMS:
Cross-linked polymer network can be found in situ by free radical reactions
initiated by heat/absorption of photon/ionic interactions between small cation &
polymer anions.
3. IN SITU POLYMER PRECIPITATION:
Water-insoluble and biodegradable polymer in biocompatible organic solvent.
Phase separation and precipitation of the polymer forming the depot at the site of
injection.

8. 4. THERMALLY INDUCED GELLING SYSTEM:
Gelation at body temperature when highly concentrated polymer solution.
5. IN SITU SOLIDIFYING ORGANOGELS:
Water insoluble amphiphilic lipids, which swell in water and forms various
types of lyotropic liquid crystals.

9. SOLUTIONS:
 Aqueous solution
 High viscosity solution
 For water soluble drugs.
 Gelling agents or viscosity enhancers are used.
 Complex formulations
 Drug forms dissociable complex with macromolecules
 Fixed amount of drug gets complexed
 Given by I.M route
 Oil suspension
 Given by I.M route
 Process of drug availability consists of dissolution of drug particles followed by partitioning
of drug from oil solution to aqueous medium.
 More prolong drug action as compared to oil solution and aqueous suspension.
 E.g., Penicillin G procaine in vegetable oil.

10. MICROSPHERES:
 Each microsphere is basically a matrix of drug dispersed in a polymer from
which release occurs by first order process.
 Polymers used are biocompatible and biodegradable
E.g., Polylactic acid, Polylactide coglycolide etc.
 Drug release is controlled by dissolution degradation of matrix.
 Small matrices release drug at a faster rate.
 For controlled release of peptide/protein drugs have short half lives.
 Magnetic microspheres are developed for promoting drug targeting which are
infused into an artery.

11. LIPOSOMES:
 Lipid most commonly used are phospholipids, sphingolipids,
glycolipids and sterols.
 Water soluble drugs are trapped in aqueous compartment.
 Lipophilic ones are incorporated in the lipid phase of liposomes.
 Can be given by I.M, SC routes for controlled rate release.
 Can be given by I.V for targeted delivery.

12. SUSPENSION:
 Aqueous suspension:
 Given by I.M or SC routes
 Concentration of solids should be 0.5 to 5%
 Particle size should be <10µm
 Drug is continuously dissolving to replenish the lost
 For oil soluble drugs
 Only crystalline and stable polymorphic drugs are given by this forms
 Viscosity builders can be used
 E.g., Crystalline zinc insulin

13. Oil suspension:
 Given by I.M route
 Process of drug availability consists of dissolution of drug particles followed by
partitioning of drug from oil solution to aqueous medium.
 More prolong drug action as compared to oil solution and aqueous suspension
E.g., Penicillin G procaine in vegetable oil.

14. SOLID-LIQUID NANOPARTICLES:
 Nanoparticles are called as nanospheres or nano capsules depending upon the
position of drugs
 Polymer used are biodegradable ones
E.g., Polyacrylic acid, Polyglycolic acid
 For selective targeting therapy

15. PROPERTIES OF IDEAL PCDDS:
1. Simple to administer and remove
2. Inert
3. Biocompatible
4. Comfortable for the patient
5. Capable of achieving high drug loading
6. Readily processable

16. ADVANTAGES:
 Improve patient convenience and compliance
 Reduction in fluctuation in steady state levels
 Increase safety margin of high potency drugs
 Maximum utilization of drug
 Reduction in health care costs through improved therapy, shorter
treatment period, less frequency of dosing.

17. DISADVANTAGES:
 Decrease systemic availability
 Poor in vivo-in vitro correlation
 Retrieval of drug is difficult in case of toxicity, poisoning, or
hypersensitivity reactions
 Higher cost of formulation.

18. THANK YOU