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New drug delivery systems
This document discusses various drug delivery systems including oral, injection-based, transdermal, carrier-based, and targeted delivery systems. It provides details on properties of responsive drug delivery devices and how they can provide controlled release profiles for sensitive drugs through long-lived, biocompatible designs. Specific examples covered include oral tablets and films, injection methods like dermojet pellets and insulin pens, inhalers, transdermal patches, monoclonal antibodies, liposomes, nanoparticles, and genetic transfer systems. The goal is to improve individualized therapy through controlled release and targeted delivery to increase drug efficacy while reducing side effects.
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New drug delivery systems
- 1. 10/20/2012 1 Novel Drugdelivery systems
- 2. Need for newdrug delivery systems Drug absorption, distribution and metabolism vary among individuals Individualized therapy Controlled release 10/20/2012 2
- 3. Properties of responsivedrug delivery device • Controlled release profiles, especially for sensitive drugs • Long-lived, Biocompatible and inexpensive • Safe from accidental release, easy to fabricate and sterilize and allow high drug loading • Inert, mechanically strong, easy to implant and remove (patient compliance) • Continuous monitoring, telemetric data transfer and allow physician intervention if needed 10/20/2012 3
- 4. Various types ofDrug delivery Oral Injection based Transdermal Carrier based 10/20/2012 4
- 5. Oral Drug deliverysystems Formulations range from simple tablets to newer modified control release tablets Involve use of various polymers and hydrogel based formulations 10/20/2012 5
- 6. 10/20/2012 6 Thin filmdrug delivery • GI specific drugs Hydrogels: (a)hydrogel preparation (b) After imbibition Oral drug strips to administer drugs via absorption buccally/sublingually
- 7. Injection based Drugdelivery system • Provide fast systemic effects bypassing first- pass metabolism • Drugs can be administered in unconscious or comatose patients • Drugs having short half-life can be infused continuously 10/20/2012 7
- 8. 10/20/2012 8 Dermojet Pelletimplantation It is a sub-cutaneous needleless injection used for mass inoculation Drug as a solid pellet is implanted under the skin to provide uniform systemic effect .Eg:testosterone
- 9. 10/20/2012 9 Intra-dermal injection Theamount of drug given is small and the absorption is slow.Eg:BCG vaccine Insulin pen
- 10. Inhalation/Pulmonary Drug deliverysystem • Inspiration through the nose or mouth • Alveolar epithelium offers good surface area especially for lipid -soluble drugs • The drugs are also excreted by this route 10/20/2012 10
- 11. 10/20/2012 11 Metered doseinhaler Dry powder inhalers
- 12. Transdermal Drug deliverysystem • Adhesive patches containing the drug are applied on the skin • The drug crosses the skin surface by diffusion by percutaneous absorption and goes into systemic circulation • Bypasses first-pass hepatic inactivation 10/20/2012 12
- 13. 10/20/2012 13 Transderm-SCOP (Scoplamine) Usedfor motion sickness Hydrogel transdermal patch: Used in treatment of burns
- 14. 10/20/2012 14 Targeted drugdelivery
- 15. Developments in drugdelivery systems 10/20/2012 15
- 16. Carrier based drugdelivery system 10/20/2012 16
- 17. Monoclonal antibodies • mAbsact directly when binding to a cancer specific antigen and induce immunological response to cancer cells • mAbs was modified for delivery of a toxin, cytokine or other active conjugates 10/20/2012 17 monospecific antibodies that are the same because they are made by identical immune cells that are allclones of a unique parent cell, Monoclonal antibodies havemonovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope.
- 18. Monoclonal antibodies &their targets 10/20/2012 18
- 19. Liposomal Drug delivery •Pre-clinical and clinical liposomal packed drugs exhibit reduced toxicities with enhanced efficiency • Due to altered pharmacokinetics-drug accumulation at disease sites and reduced distribution to sensitive tissue-target delivery of drugs 10/20/2012 19 Liposomes are self-assembling closed colloidal structures composed of lipid bilayers and have a spherical shape in which an outer lipid bilayer surrounds a central aqueous space.Syn from cholesterol
- 20. 10/20/2012 20 Liposomal AmphotericinB – treatment of systemic Candida albicans or Cryptococcus neoformans This formulation showed a satisfactory drug loading for ISONIAZID & PYRAZINAMID
- 21. Nanoparticle based drugdelivery Using nanotechnology the drug can be targeted to a precise location which would make the drug much more effective & reduce the chances of possible side-effects • More specific drug targeting & delivery • Reduction in toxicity while maintaining therapeutic efficiency • Nanocarriers- Nanoparticles,Nanotubule,Nanoshell 10/20/2012 21
- 22. 10/20/2012 22 Carbon Nanotubules Usedin treatment of Bronchial asthma ADR:Foreign body granuloma and intestitial fibrosis Gold Nanoparticles Cancer chemotherapy -free radical generation
- 23. 10/20/2012 23 Nanoerythrosomes Nanoerythrosomes areresealed erythrocytes that can carry proteins ,enzymes & macromolecules.They are used in the treatment of liver tumor,parasitic disease & enzyme disease
- 24. GENETIC TRANSFER SYSTEM •Under evaluation & III Phase clinical trials for Adenovirus & HIV 10/20/2012 24
- 25. 10/20/2012 25 Dendrimer ModifiedBuckyball They deliver radioactive atoms to cancerous material.Eg:C-60 against CA colon Transfer of radiation is within the ball hence minimise strong radiation to healthy tissue Dendrimer-highly branched globular Biodegradable synthetic molecule.
- 26. 10/20/2012 26 Nanoparticles providemassive advantages regarding drug targeting,delivery with additional potential to combine diagnosis and therapy Anti-tumour therapy ,gene therapy ,AIDS therapy,radiotherapy Involved in delivery of virostatics,vaccines and as vesicles to pass blood brain barrier
- 27.