This document discusses paddy-cum-fish culture as a technique for integrated fish and rice farming. It provides details on the history and development of rice-fish culture, site selection considerations, suitable fish and rice varieties, culture techniques, trench designs, advantages and disadvantages. An economic analysis compares the net return from traditional paddy cultivation versus paddy-cum-fish culture, finding that the integrated system provides over double the income. The conclusion states that rice-fish culture is an innovative system that boosts rice yields, generates additional income from fish, and helps reduce farmer poverty while creating jobs.

1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
EXT-411
Rural Agriculture Work Experience (RAWE)
Submitted to :
Prof. O.P. Mishra
Dr. B. Jirli
Submitted By :
Vishram Meena
ID.No. : 14175

2. Doubling of Farmers Income through
Paddy -cum- Fish Culture

3. Paddy-Fish- culture Technology
Introduction:
Integrated fish farming is a technique of
fish culture with other organisms (animal/s
or plant/s). Major objective of this
technique is to get maximum output
through involving minimum input supply in
minimum time duration. Rice-Fish farming
is the culture of rice-fish in a same piece of
land. More production can be achieved in
Rice-Fish -culture .ie.comparison to the rice
culture alone.

4. History of Rice-Fish culture is quite old and
first started in ancient China about 2000 years
ago. In course of time, this practice became
introduced in Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand,
India and many other countries of the world.
Lately, Azolla is cultured with Rice-Fish in
China.
History and Development of Rice-Fish culture

6. Site selection:
Water holding capacity of the selected plot’s soil must
be good enough so that soil can hold water easily.
Loamy or Clay-loamy soils are suitable for Rice-Fish
culture
Selected plot should be low land and would contain
water naturally for 7-10 months but must be secure
from flood.

7. Culture technique:
Fish culture with rice can be practiced in two ways-
1- Culture of Rice-Fish together/Concurrent
system:
Generally practiced during Aman season in
moderate to low paddy fields where water
logging exists for 4-5 months naturally. Minor
carp and Thai carb are highly suitable for this
practice but Tilapia or giant freshwater prawn
can also be stocked with rice.

8. 2- Fish culture after harvesting
rice/alternative system:
In this technique, fish are stocked in the
paddy field after harvesting rice from the
land. 6-7 months rearing of fish is possible
by this way until rice plantation in the next
season. Carp and barb species are suitable
for stocking but grass carp can also be
stocked. In case of grass carp stocking,
precaution must be taken so that this fish
can not eat young paddy.
Continue…

9. Environmental requirements of fish and rice.
PARAMETER RICE FISH
1. Depth of Water 3cm to 5cm (normal
condition)
0.4-1.5 m for nursery and
0.8-3.0 m for grow-out
2. Temperature Water and soil
temperature of up 40°C
and fluctuations of up to
10°C
25°-35°C for warmwater
species.
3. pH of water Neutral to alkaline. 6.5-9.0
4. Culture Period 90-120 days for HYV; up to
160 days for traditional
varieties.
120-240 days depending
upon species and market
requirement.

10.  Design and construction of rice cum fish culture.
1– Peripheral trench
2 – Diagonal trench
3 – Crossedtrenches
4 – Y-shaped trench
5 – Peripheral with one central
longitudinal trench
6 -Peripheral with two equidistant
transverse trenches
7 – Latticed trenches.

11. Continue......

12.  Rice varieties suitable for Rice cum Fish culture:
 Panidhan
 Tulsi
 Rajarajan
 Jalmagan
 Culturable species of fish in rice fields
Species such as Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Oreochromis mossambicus, Anabas
testudineus, Clarias batrachus, Clarias macrocephalus, Channa striatus, Channa
punctatus, Channa marulius, Heteropneustes fossilis, Chanos chanos.

15. Advantages of paddy cum fish culture:
 Economical utilization of land
 Little extra labour is required
 Saving on labour cost towards weeding and supplemental
feeding
 Enhanced rice yield by 5 -15 %, which is due to the indirect
organic fertilization through the fish excreta
 Production of fish from paddy field
 Additional income
 Insect pests of rice like stem borers are controlled by fish
feeding on them mainly by murrels and catfishes.

16. Disadvantages:
 Maintaining suitable water level for fish culture.
 Theft of fish.
 Predators such as snake , kite may eat fish.
 Restricted pesticide use in control of pests.

17. Economic analysis of paddy :-
S.NO. Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Value(Rs.)
01. SEED BED PREPARATION
Ploughing by tractor 1 1500/ploughing 1500
Irrigation 4hr 90/hr 360
DAP 10kg 28/kg 280
Seed Requirement 24kg 90/kg 2160
labour 1 250/day 250
02. FIELD PREPARATION
Ploughing by tractor 4 1500/ploughing 6000
Irrigation (Flooding) 32hr 90/hr 2880

18. S.NO. Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Value(Rs.)
DAP 80kg 28/kg 2240
03. TRANSPLANTING
labour 30 250/day 7500
04. WEEDING
labour 10 250/day 2500
05. ONGOING OPERATION
Irrigation 24hr 90/hr 2160
Urea 160kg 8/kg 1280
MOP 40kg 20/kg 800
Continue….

19. S.NO. Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Value(Rs.)
07. HARVESTING
(a) Reaping
Labour 20 250/day 5000
(b) Threshing
Labour 20 250/day 5000
08. PRODUCTION
Main product (Paddy) 55quintal 14.70/kg 80850
By product (Straw) 40quintal 2/kg 8000
Continue…

20. Total costs = 39910
Total Return = Main product + Byproduct
= Rs. 80850 + 8000
= Rs. 88850
Net Return = Total Return – Total costs
= Rs. 88850 – 39910
= Rs. 48940

21. Economic analysis of paddy cum fish culture:
No. of fish per hactare = 7500
Mortality rate = 10%
Rate of fish = Rs. 3/fish
Total cost of fish - 7500x3 = Rs. 22500
Pond preperation cost = Rs. 10000
Feed cost = Rs. 20000
Management charge = Rs. 5000/labour /month (2 labour required for 4 months)
Total cost = 22500+10000+20000+40000
= Rs. 92500
Remaining fish = 6750
Average weight of 1 fish = 250gm
Total production of fish (in kg ) = 1687 kg

22. Rate of fish = Rs. 100 per kg
Total income = 1687x100
= Rs. 168700
Net return = Total return – Total cost
= 168700 - 92500
= Rs. 76200
Total income in Paddy cum fish culture = net return (paddy + fish )
= 48940 + 76200
= Rs. 125140

23. Conclusion
The paddy cum fish culture is an innovative
farming system in which , Rice is the main
enterprise and fish fingerlings are taken as
additional means to secure extra income . Rice
cum fish culture is not only reducing income
poverty of the farmers but also improves the
yield of paddy, create employment
opportunities.