This document discusses optimization of power system operation through techniques like unit commitment and economic dispatch. It begins with an introduction to meeting varying electricity demand. It then outlines the steps of optimization including long-term planning, unit commitment for hourly/monthly decisions, and economic dispatch for instantaneous dispatch. Unit commitment deals with deciding which generation units to operate to satisfy demand while considering constraints. Common solution methods for unit commitment include priority lists, heuristics, mixed integer programming and dynamic programming. The document provides examples of advances in these areas and practical software used for optimization.

1. Our Experience, Concepts and UnderstandingsOptimization of Power System Operation

2. IntroductionElectricity generating companies and power systems have the problem of deciding how best to meet the varying demand for electricity, which has a daily and weekly cycle.This study essentially deals with the method of operating Electrical generating sets of different type, to get the economic power from them.The terms ‘Unit Commitment’, ‘Economic Dispatch’ and ‘Incremental Cost’ are widely used in this study discipline.

3. The steps for optimizationLong Term System PlanningHourly and Monthly decisions -- Unit CommitmentInstantaneous Dispatch decisions -- Economic DispatchShort term system operation -- Load Flow Model

4. Economic Dispatch- Covered EarlierEnergy Policy Act defines “Economic Dispatch” to mean “the operation of generation facilities to produce energy at the lowest cost to reliably serve consumers, recognizing any operational limits of generation and transmission facilities.” [EPAct 2005, Sec. 1234 (b)] Actually, For Power System Economic Operation, the installed generating capacity should be greater than the load at any specific momentThis topic is covered in earlier presentation

5. Unit CommitmentThe electrical unit commitment problem is the problem of deciding which electricity generation units should be running in each period so as to satisfy a predictably varying demand for electricity.The problem is interesting because in a typical electrical system there are a variety of units available for generating electricity, and each has its own characteristics.

6. Unit Commitment- The ConstraintsUC problem is a complex optimization problem which requires rigorous enumeration of all feasible combination of the generation units.The Problem typically involve technological and economic constraints.Spinning ReserveThermal Unit ConstraintsMinimum Up Time

7. Minimum Down Time

8. Start-Up Cost

9. Shut-Down costHydro ConstraintsMust RunFuel Constraint

10. Unit Commitment- Solution MethodsMost common techniques are,Priority-list Schemes -simplest method but enormous computational time -based on shut down rule -creates a priority list of units by an exhaustive enumerationHeuristic Methods -Uses pre-calculated priority list and incorporate all the operating constraints heuristically.Mixed Integer ProgrammingUC - Solution Methods (Continued.)Dynamic Programming -advantage over PLS is reduction in the dimensionality of the problem -systematically evaluates a large number of possible decisions in a multi-step problemLagrange Relaxation -based on dual optimization approach

11. Dynamic Programming-IllustratedThe objective is to find minimum cost from A-N. K=1,2…5= HourAt the end of each hour, a decision is taken to enter on which state.

12. Advances in Unit Commitment ProblemGenetic Algorithm-The genetic based UC program starts with a random initial population (at T=0) at it computes the fitness of each individual.-Advanced level of GA is used like Fast Messy Genetic Algorithm (FMGA)

13. Various algorithms to UC ProblemAnt Colony System ( S. P. Simon, N. P. Padhy and R. S. Anand)- foraging behavior of the real ants for finding its food from its start (nest) to its destination (food) is simulated to obtain the optimum solution.

14. A Practical Software: e-terracommit

15. A Practical Software

16. Power Generation MachinesGE 9E GAS TURBINE

17. Power Generation MachinesRolls-Royce BV16 HFO Engine

18. Inside a power plant

19. Thank you Muhammad SamiulAlamm.samiul.alam@gmail.comID 11161004, MSc(EEE)BRAC University, Bangladesh