Optical instruments, Dispersion and Colors
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The document discusses different types of optical lenses and their properties. Concave lenses diverge light rays and are called diverging lenses, while convex lenses converge light rays and are called converging lenses. Various optical devices use these lenses and optical mirrors, including cameras, binoculars, electric cells, and optical prisms. The document also defines and describes hyperopia, myopia, dispersion, color, and includes references for further information.
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Eye as an optical system.
This slide share presentation will help you to know the comparison of our natural eye with artificial optical system (Camera).
Lens
This document defines and describes lenses, their properties and uses. It explains that lenses are transparent materials that refract light to form images. Convex lenses converge parallel rays while concave lenses diverge them. The principal axis is the line through the lens center. The focal point is where parallel rays converge/diverge after passing through the lens. Focal length is the distance from the lens center to the focal point. The document also discusses how lenses in the eye can cause nearsightedness or farsightedness, and how corrective lenses can remedy vision defects by diverging or converging light appropriately on the retina.
Telescope: Refracting and Reflecting
The contents of this presentation includes the history of telescope, types of telescopes: its definition, diagrams, uses, advantages and disadvantages.
Light microscope
LIGHT MICROSCOPY by SIVASANGARI SHANMUGAM
The optical microscope, The functions of a light microscope is based on its ability to focus a beam of light through, which is very small and transparent, to produce an image.
HUMAN EYE(STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS)pptx
The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the human eye. It describes key components of the eye including the cornea, iris, lens, and retina. It explains how light enters the eye and is focused onto the retina to form an image, allowing for vision. The document also discusses common eye disorders like myopia, hyperopia, and presbyopia. It emphasizes the importance of protective eyewear and maintaining eye health through regular exams, healthy habits, and taking breaks when looking at screens.
Vision
The document summarizes key aspects of vision physiology including:
1. Anatomy of the eye including layers, muscles, and humors.
2. Optics of vision including image formation, accommodation, and optical defects.
3. Visual pathways from the retina through the lateral geniculate nucleus and optic radiations to the primary visual cortex.
4. Photoreceptors including rods and cones and their role in signal transduction.
Vision
The document summarizes key aspects of vision and eye anatomy. It describes the layers of the eye including the sclera, choroid, and retina. It explains how light enters the eye and is focused on the retina to form an image. Accommodation and how the lens and ciliary muscle work to focus on near and far objects is also summarized. Common optical defects such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia are defined.
Human eye and the colourful world
This document discusses the structure and functioning of the human eye. It begins by acknowledging those who provided guidance and support. It then provides details on the various parts of the eye, including the cornea, iris, lens, retina and optic nerve. It explains how light enters the eye and is focused on the retina to produce an image. The document also discusses color vision, accommodation, defects like myopia and hypermetropia, and optical phenomena like refraction and mirages.
Module No. 40
1. The document discusses the working principles of cameras, the human eye, and spectroscopy. It describes how cameras and the eye form images using lenses and how factors like aperture, focal length, and shutter speed affect the image.
2. Spectrometers are described as optical instruments used to study light from different sources and analyze spectra. They have a collimator, telescope, and turntable to direct and analyze light.
3. Spectroscopy is defined as the study of electromagnetic spectra produced by various substances, including analyzing emission, absorption, and electron ejection spectra of atoms.
Human eye
This presentation includes the description of human eye - it's parts, defects of human eye and their correction methods, concept of power of accommodation of human eye and care of human eye.
The human eye and the colourful world
The human eye functions similar to a camera, with light entering through the pupil and being focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina. The retina contains rod and cone cells that allow for vision and color perception. As light enters the eye, the iris adjusts the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light. Various eye conditions exist such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and cataracts that affect vision by changing the eye's ability to focus light properly.
The parts and functions of the compound microscope
This document discusses the parts and functions of the compound microscope. It describes the major components of the microscope, including the illuminating parts that provide light, the magnifying parts that enlarge the object, and the mechanical parts that support the microscope. It explains key pieces such as the objectives, eyepiece, stage, mirror, and condenser. It also provides guidance on properly operating and caring for the microscope.
PHYSIOLOGY OF EYE.pptx
The human eye is an organ that reacts to light and allows for vision. It contains several key structures working together, including the iris, pupil, cornea, lens, retina, and optic nerve. The iris controls the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye. The retina contains light-sensitive rod and cone cells that convert light into electrical signals sent to the brain via the optic nerve. Common abnormalities include myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and cataracts, which can often be corrected using lenses or surgery.
PHYSIOLOGY OF EYE.pptx
The eye is composed of a series of lenses and spaces that give focus to images, just as a camera does. It is composed of the vitreous humor, aqueous humor, the crystalline lens, and the cornea, and each of these has its own refraction index (the average being 1.34, because of the content of these tissues).Functions
Pupil. Opens and closes in order to regulate and control the amount of light.
Iris. Controls light level similar to the aperture of a camera.
Sclera. Protects the outer coat.
Cornea. A thin membrane which provides 67% of the eye's focusing power.
Crystalline lens. ...
Conjunctive. ...
Aqueous humour.
Vitreous humour.
PPT on light
The document discusses key concepts about reflection, refraction, and lenses. It defines reflection as light rays bouncing off a surface. It describes incident, reflected, and normal rays. It states the laws of reflection - the incident and reflected rays are in the same plane as the normal, and the angles of incidence and reflection are equal. It then discusses real and virtual images formed by plane and curved mirrors, and provides examples. The document also defines refraction as the bending of light when passing from one medium to another. It introduces refractive index and discusses how light bends when passing between optically denser and rarer media. Finally, it defines key lens terms like focal length and describes thin convex and concave lenses.
Basics of microscopy
Microscopy is the examination of minute objects using a microscope, which provides an enlarged image. There are two main types of microscopes - light microscopes, which use visible light, and electron microscopes, which use electrons. Light microscopes include brightfield, darkfield, fluorescence and phase contrast microscopes. Electron microscopes have higher resolving power and include transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes. Microscopes work using principles of lenses and light or electron beams to produce magnified images of samples.
Slit lamp
Slit lamps are used to carefully examine the cornea, conjunctiva, and lids of the anterior eye segment. The microscope and light source are coupled so that the same part of the eye being examined is illuminated. This coupling facilitates examination. Main components include the slit lamp microscopes, illumination systems, and mechanical coupling. Attachments allow for fundus examination, gonioscopy, tonometry, laser photocoagulation, and measuring visual acuity in patients with hazy media. Magnification typically ranges from 6x to 40x.
Simple microscope
The document discusses the simple microscope. It defines a simple microscope as using a single lens for magnification rather than multiple lenses like a compound microscope. A simple microscope works by using a convex lens to produce a virtual, erect and magnified image of an object placed within the lens' focal point. The maximum magnification of a simple microscope is around 10x. Key parts of a simple microscope include a metal stand, stage to hold samples, plano-convex mirror to illuminate samples, and a biconvex lens for magnification. Simple microscopes are used to examine small biological specimens, watch parts, jewelry, book text, soil particles, and skin.
WK2-MIRROR-FINAL.pptx
This document discusses the qualitative characteristics of images formed by plane and curved mirrors and lenses. It begins by stating the objectives of predicting the orientation, type, and magnification of images formed, and explaining the uses of lenses and mirrors. It then provides information on the reflection of light in plane and curved mirrors, including definitions, laws of reflection, and the characteristics of images formed. It also discusses the two types of spherical mirrors - concave and convex - and their uses. Finally, it outlines the uses of convex and concave lenses, including in microscopes, cameras, correcting vision, and as the natural lenses in human eyes.
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(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
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- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Optical instruments, Dispersion and Colors
- 3. play the most important roles in optical instruments.
- 5. Concave lenses diverge light rays which enter into that and for the same reason concave lenses are also called as DIVERGING LENSES.
- 7. Convex lenses converge light rays which enter into that and for the same reason convex lenses are also called as CONVERGING LENSES.
- 9. The different type of equipment that uses optical lenses and or optical mirrors and work on their principles is called Optical Devices
- 10. A concave lens is used as a Door Eye. The lens is fixed on the main door of a house as shown in fig below.
- 12. 1. A Camera is used for taking photographs.
- 13. 2. Binocular is a device which is used the far off objects clearly.
- 14. 3. Electric Cells are electronic devices which senses and converts light energy to electrical voltages.
- 15. 4. Optical prisms are used for reflecting light using the principle of total internal reflections.
- 16. HYPERMETROPIA Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, long-sightedness or hypermetropia, is a defect of eye as the light is focuses at a point behind the retina not on
- 17. Myopia or Near sightedness is a deficiency of an eye, mostly due to error occurs with the focal length of the lens of the human eye. MYOPI A
- 19. RAINBOW The most familiar example of dispersion.
- 20. COLOR Color is a function of the human visual system, and is not an intrinsic property. Objects don't "have" color, they give off light that "appears" to be a color.