Thomas Aquinas' Third, Fourth and Fifth Proof that God exist
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Thomas Aquinas provides five arguments for the existence of God. The first is the Argument from Possibility and Necessity which argues that (1) all beings are contingent and could not exist without a necessary being, (2) if all beings were contingent there would be a time when nothing existed, which is absurd, so (3) there must be a necessary being (God) that causes all other beings to exist. The fourth argument is from the Gradation of Being, noting that some things are better than others, which requires a maximum or perfect being (God). The fifth argument is from Design, observing that natural things work toward goals not by chance but as directed by an intelligent being, which is God.
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St. Ann Philosophy, Matter and Form, Proofs of God's Existence, Nov. 16, 2018...
Aquinas provides five arguments for the existence of God:
1) The argument from motion - All change requires an unchanging first mover as initiator, which is God.
2) The argument from causation - An infinite chain of causes is impossible, so there must be a first cause, which is God.
3) The argument from contingency - All contingent beings rely on a necessary being for their existence, which is God.
4) The argument from degrees of perfection - Standards are needed for qualities like goodness, which is God.
5) The argument from design - Purpose and direction in nature imply an intelligent designer, which is God.
St. Ann Philosophy, Proofs of GodNov. 16, 2018.ppt
Thomas Aquinas provides five proofs for the existence of God through reason alone. The five proofs are: 1) The argument from motion, which argues that all change requires an initial mover which is God. 2) The argument from efficient cause, which argues that all effects must have a cause and there must be a first cause which is God. 3) The argument from possibility, which argues that all contingent beings must have a necessary being as their source, which is God. 4) The argument from gradation, which argues that all qualities must have a maximum standard, which is God. 5) The argument from design, which argues that purposeful order requires an intelligent designer, which is God.
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- 1. Thomas Aquinas: Five Ways to Prove that God exists
- 3. 1. We find in nature things that are possible to be and not to be, that come into being and go out of being i.e., contingent beings.
- 4. 2. Assume that every being is a contingent being.
- 5. 3. For each contingent being, there is a time it does not exist.
- 6. 4. Therefore it is impossible for these always to exist.
- 7. 5. Therefore there could have been a time when no things existed.
- 8. 6. Therefore at that time there would have been nothing to bring the currently existing contingent beings into existence.
- 9. 7.Therefore, nothing would be in existence now.
- 10. 8. We have reached an absurd result from assuming that every being is a contingent being.
- 11. 9. Therefore not every being is a contingent being.
- 12. 10. Therefore some being exists of its own necessity, and does not receive its existence from another being, but rather causes them. This all men speak of as God.
- 13. The Fourth Way Argument from Gradation of Being
- 14. 1. There is a gradation to be found in things: some are better or worse than others.
- 15. 2. Predications of degree require reference to the “uttermost” case (e.g., a thing is said to be hotter according as it more nearly resembles that which is hottest).
- 16. 3. The maximum in any genus is the cause of all in that genus.
- 17. 4. Therefore there must also be something which is to all beings the cause of their being, goodness, and every other perfection; and this we call God.
- 18. The Fifth Way: Argument from Design
- 19. 1. We see that natural bodies work toward some goal, and do not do so by chance.
- 20. 2. Most natural things lack knowledge.
- 21. 3. But as an arrow reaches its target because it is directed by an archer, what lacks intelligence achieves goals by being directed by something intelligence.
- 22. 4. Therefore some intelligent being exists by whom all natural things are directed to their end; and this being we call God.