Binocular and telescopes
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This document summarizes binoculars and telescopes. It discusses the key components and lenses in binoculars that allow distant objects to appear closer. The document outlines the history of binoculars and their invention, as well as different types of prism binoculars. Telescopes are described as instruments that make faraway objects appear larger, and the basic types - Keplerian and Galilean - are defined. Keplerian telescopes produce inverted images while Galilean telescopes produce upright images. The document provides an overview of binoculars and telescopes for general use.
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1) There are three types of telescopic power: collecting power, which depends on aperture size; magnifying power, determined by the ratio of telescope focal length to eyepiece focal length; and resolving power, the ability to see fine detail which depends on optics quality.
2) The two main types of telescopes are refractors, which use lenses, and reflectors, which use mirrors and come in different styles like Newtonian, Cassegrain, and Dobsonian. Reflecting telescopes are preferred for astronomy as mirrors have advantages over large lenses.
3) Accessories like mounts, tripods, eyepieces, filters and computerized systems help stabilize images and enhance viewing of celestial
Telescopes
Optical telescopes use lenses or mirrors to gather and focus light, allowing us to see stars and distant objects. Refracting telescopes use two lenses, while reflecting telescopes use mirrors, allowing them to be larger in size. Interferometry combines multiple telescopes to produce clearer images. The Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth, allowing observations unhindered by the atmosphere. Other telescopes observe different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, like infrared and radio, enabling new discoveries.
Reflecting telescopes.pptx
A reflecting telescope uses curved mirrors instead of lenses to reflect light and form an image. Isaac Newton invented the reflecting telescope in the 17th century as an alternative to refracting telescopes, which suffered from chromatic aberration. Major telescope designs include the Newtonian, Gregorian, and Cassegrain telescopes. Nearly all large research telescopes are reflectors due to advantages like no chromatic aberration and lower costs for larger apertures compared to refractors.
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Binocular and telescopes
- 1. Binoculars and Telescopes. Prepared by Vivek Chauhan B.opt.-3rd SEM
- 2. BINOCULARS ๏ An instrument with two glass parts (lenses) which you look through in order to make objects in the distance seen nearer. ๏ The most important lenses in binoculars are the convex lenses.these lenses make small (distance) object look bigger (closer). ๏ Some binoculars also use fine concave lenses to help focus image more clearly for your eyes.but lastely many binoculars use prisms.
- 3. ๏ Night vision binoculars use photo cathode electronics to intensify the image.
- 4. ๏ The first binoculars telescope was invented by J. P lemiere. ๏Found in 1825. ๏ Mounting two telescope side by side for binocular vision. OPTICAL DESIGN
- 5. TYPES OF PRISM BINOCULARS 1. Porro prism binoculars 2. Roof prism binoculars 1.Porro prism - โข It was invented by Ignazio porro in 1854. โข Improve image & higher magnification. โข They are used in keplerian telescopes.
- 6. โข The dis-advantage of keplerian telescope is inverted image are formed. โขIn porro prism binocular 2 prism are used.
- 7. 2. Roof prism- โข It was invented by Achille victor in 1870. โข its purpose is to errect the image. โข objective lens in line with the eye piece.
- 8. APPLICATIONS General use- hand held binoculars. Military use โ Naval ship binoculars. Astronomical- For viewing planets, comets, stars etc.
- 10. TELESCOPE ๏An instrument in the shape of a tube with special piece of glass (lenses) inside it. You look through it to make things that are far away appears bigger and nearer. ๏Optical telescope collect visible light.
- 11. THERE ARE TWO BASIC KINDS OF TELESCOPE 1. Keplerian or Astronomical telescope 2. Galilean telescope 1.Keplerian telescope- โข It was invented by johannes kepler in 1611. โข It is an improvement of galilean design. โข The advantage of this arrangement is that the ray of light emerging from the eyepiece are converging. โข The image produce by a keplerian telescope is inverted.
- 12. โข It was very wider,heavier in weight and form less bright image.
- 13. 2. Galilean telescope- โข It was invented by galileo galilei in 1609. โข In galilean telescope diverging lens eyepiece are used. โข The image produced by a galilean telescope is errect โข The length of the galilean telescope is shorter than the keplerian. โข It was narrow, lighter in weight and form brighter image.
- 15. Thank you