This document summarizes binoculars and telescopes. It discusses the key components and lenses in binoculars that allow distant objects to appear closer. The document outlines the history of binoculars and their invention, as well as different types of prism binoculars. Telescopes are described as instruments that make faraway objects appear larger, and the basic types - Keplerian and Galilean - are defined. Keplerian telescopes produce inverted images while Galilean telescopes produce upright images. The document provides an overview of binoculars and telescopes for general use.

1. Binoculars and Telescopes.
Prepared by
Vivek Chauhan
B.opt.-3rd SEM

2. BINOCULARS
 An instrument with two glass parts (lenses) which you look
through in order to make objects in the distance seen nearer.
 The most important lenses in binoculars are the convex
lenses.these lenses make small (distance) object look bigger
(closer).
 Some binoculars also use fine concave lenses to help focus
image more clearly for your eyes.but lastely many binoculars
use prisms.

3.  Night vision binoculars use photo cathode electronics to
intensify the image.

4.  The first binoculars telescope was invented by J. P lemiere.
Found in 1825.
 Mounting two telescope side by side for binocular vision.
OPTICAL DESIGN

5. TYPES OF PRISM BINOCULARS
1. Porro prism binoculars
2. Roof prism binoculars
1.Porro prism -
• It was invented by Ignazio porro in 1854.
• Improve image & higher magnification.
• They are used in keplerian telescopes.

6. • The dis-advantage of keplerian telescope is inverted image are
formed.
•In porro prism binocular 2 prism are used.

7. 2. Roof prism-
• It was invented by Achille victor in 1870.
• its purpose is to errect the image.
• objective lens in line with the eye piece.

8. APPLICATIONS
General use- hand held binoculars.
Military use – Naval ship binoculars.
Astronomical- For viewing planets, comets, stars etc.

10. TELESCOPE
An instrument in the shape of a tube with special piece of
glass (lenses) inside it. You look through it to make things that
are far away appears bigger and nearer.
Optical telescope collect visible light.

11. THERE ARE TWO BASIC KINDS OF TELESCOPE
1. Keplerian or Astronomical telescope
2. Galilean telescope
1.Keplerian telescope-
• It was invented by johannes kepler in 1611.
• It is an improvement of galilean design.
• The advantage of this arrangement is that the ray of light
emerging from the eyepiece are converging.
• The image produce by a keplerian telescope is inverted.

12. • It was very wider,heavier in weight and form less bright image.

13. 2. Galilean telescope-
• It was invented by galileo galilei in 1609.
• In galilean telescope diverging lens eyepiece are used.
• The image produced by a galilean telescope is errect
• The length of the galilean telescope is shorter than the
keplerian.
• It was narrow, lighter in weight and form brighter
image.

15. Thank you