The document discusses the dispersion of light through a glass prism and the formation of a rainbow. It explains that dispersion occurs because different colors of light travel at different speeds in glass and are refracted by different angles when passing through a prism. This causes white light to separate into the colors of the visible spectrum - violet, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. Newton performed an experiment showing that white light consists of colors by passing light through two prisms and recombining the colors. Rainbows are formed when sunlight is dispersed and reflected inside water droplets in the atmosphere.