Just in time (JIT) is a production strategy that strives to improve a business' return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs. Just in time is a type of operations management approach which originated in Japan in the 1950s. It was adopted by Toyota and other Japanese manufacturing firms, with excellent results: Toyota and other companies that adopted the approach ended up raising productivity (through the elimination of waste) significantly.
Just in time (JIT) is a production strategy that strives to improve a business' return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs. Just in time is a type of operations management approach which originated in Japan in the 1950s. It was adopted by Toyota and other Japanese manufacturing firms, with excellent results: Toyota and other companies that adopted the approach ended up raising productivity (through the elimination of waste) significantly.
production and operations management(POM) Complete note kabul university
The Introduction to POM, Scope, Role, and Objectives of POM, Operations Mgt. – Concept; Functions
Product Design and its characteristics;
Product Development Process, Product Development Techniques.
This topic is related to Material requirement planning, MRP.
Types of material requirement planning
Benefits of MRP. Limitation of MRP, Objective of MRP, MRP Input, MRP Output, Steps of MRP
Production and Operations Management
Product Vs Service
Concept of Production and OM
Functions /Scope of POM
Operation Strategy
Transformation Process
Product Design & Product Process
History of POM
Issues in POM
Material management is a scientific technique, concerned with Planning, Organizing & Control of flow of materials, from their initial purchase to destination.
Inventory generally refers to the materials in stock. It is also called the idle resource of an enterprise. Inventories represent those items, which are either stocked for sale or they are in the process of manufacturing or they are in the form of materials, which are yet to be utilized.
Purchasing Management
Principles of Purchasing Management OR (8 R'S)
Functions of Purchasing Management
Negotiating
Value Engineering
VALUE ANALYSIS
Receive Purchase Request
Supplier selection
Payment Authorization
Market research and Information
Selection of Source
Determination of Price and Availability
Follow Up
The module deals with overview of Production and Operation Management. It highlights the Definition, characteristics and objective of POM, also it focus on Production System.
production and operations management(POM) Complete note kabul university
The Introduction to POM, Scope, Role, and Objectives of POM, Operations Mgt. – Concept; Functions
Product Design and its characteristics;
Product Development Process, Product Development Techniques.
This topic is related to Material requirement planning, MRP.
Types of material requirement planning
Benefits of MRP. Limitation of MRP, Objective of MRP, MRP Input, MRP Output, Steps of MRP
Production and Operations Management
Product Vs Service
Concept of Production and OM
Functions /Scope of POM
Operation Strategy
Transformation Process
Product Design & Product Process
History of POM
Issues in POM
Material management is a scientific technique, concerned with Planning, Organizing & Control of flow of materials, from their initial purchase to destination.
Inventory generally refers to the materials in stock. It is also called the idle resource of an enterprise. Inventories represent those items, which are either stocked for sale or they are in the process of manufacturing or they are in the form of materials, which are yet to be utilized.
Purchasing Management
Principles of Purchasing Management OR (8 R'S)
Functions of Purchasing Management
Negotiating
Value Engineering
VALUE ANALYSIS
Receive Purchase Request
Supplier selection
Payment Authorization
Market research and Information
Selection of Source
Determination of Price and Availability
Follow Up
The module deals with overview of Production and Operation Management. It highlights the Definition, characteristics and objective of POM, also it focus on Production System.
Supply At the most fundamental level, supply chain management (SCM) is management of the flow of goods, data, and finances related to a product or service, from the procurement of raw materials to the delivery of the product at its final destination managementThe Top-level of this model has five different processes which are also known as components of Supply Chain Management – Plan, Source, Make, Deliver and ReturnINTEGRATION. Integration starts at your strategic planning phase and is critical throughout your communications and information sharing and data analysis and storage. ...
OPERATIONS. ...
PURCHASING. ...
DISTRIBUTIONHere are six types of supply chain models that can drive supply chain management for a business:
Continuous Flow. This is one of the most traditional models on the list. ...
Fast chain. The fast chain model is one of the new names in supply chain strategies. ...
Efficient Chain. ...
Agile. ...
Custom-configured. ...
FlexibleThere are three main flows of supply chain management: the product flow, the information flow, and the finances flow. The Product Flow – The product flow involves the movement of goods from a supplier to a customer. This supply chain management flow also concerns customer returns and service needsSupply chain management is the process of delivering a product from raw material to the consumer. It includes supply planning, product planning, demand planning, sales and operations planning, and supply management.Adapt Supply Chain to Customer's Needs. ...
Customize Logistics Network. ...
Align Demand Planning Across Supply Chain. ...
Differentiate Products Close to Customer. ...
Outsource Strategically. ...
Develop IT that Support Multi-Level Decision Making. ...
Adopt Both Service and Financial MetricsIntegration, operations, purchasing and distribution are the four elements of the supply chain that work together to establish a path to competition that is both cost-effective and competitive. Communicating and collaborating with all parties is a business strategy that eliminates errors and saves money.Buying products or services. Purchasing is a key component of any procurement role. ...
Managing procurement processes. ...
Supplier relations. ...
Understand business goals and objectives. ...
Policy management. ...
Sustainability & Ethics. ...
Manufacturing. ...
Merchandising.Four major steps of manufacturing are: Protect raw materials, components, and finished goods during storage, handling, and transportation by using appropriate packaging. Assemble raw materials and components into a final product. Test and improve the final product. Remove disposable components and waste.The best way to understand the various stages of supply chain management and their influence on one another is to take a look at the three levels of supply chain management: the strategic level, the tactical level, and the operational levelShippers' Top 5 Supply Chain Challenges:
Keeping transportation costs down.
Keeping up with customer/i
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2. Operations Management
Operations Management is the planning, scheduling
and controlling of activities that transforms inputs by
way of raw materials, capital, machinery, labour,
information and time into outputs in the form of
products and services of higher value than the inputs.
6. Plant Location
A good location reduces the cost of production &
distribution to a considerable extent
Need for Plant Location:
- New Factory
- Expansion
- Relocation
7. Factors determining the plant
location: Primary….
Supply of Raw Material
Nearness to the market
Transport Facilities
Labour Supply
Availability of Power
Supply of Capital
8. Secondary
Facilities
Natural Factors
Political Factors
Govt Subsidies and facilities (SEZ…)
Historical & Religious Factors
Initial start & Goodwill
Personal Factors
Miscellaneous Factors (Eg.Vaastu ….Maruti Udyog Ltd)
…and many more.
10. Plant Layout
Plant Layout is the physical arrangement of machines,
processing equipment and service departments to have
the best co ordination and efficiency of man machine
and material in a plant.
Principles of Plant Layout…
11. Factors affecting layout
Types of Industries
Type of production system
Type of product
Volume of product
Desired flexibility
Use of space / Available floor space
Flow of Work, Material & Personnel
Accessibility
Working Environment
Architecture design of the space
19. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
Managing the stock of items kept on hand by an
organisation to be used to meet customer demand.
Types of Inventory
- RM Inventory
- WIP Inventory
- FG Inventory
20. Functions of Inventory
To meet anticipated demand
To smooth production requirements
To avoid over stocking and under stocking
To avail quantity discounts
To hedge against price fluctuations and seasonal demand.
21. Concept of EOQ
Meaning of EOQ
Types of cost
Reorder level
Assumptions of EOQ
23. Materials Management
Materials Management consists of planning, directing,
co-ordinating and controlling those activities which
are concerned with the materials and inventory
requirements from the point of their inception to the
final manufacturing.
“Right Material in right quantity at the right time at the
right price from the right source of supply.”
24. Importance of materials
management
Accounts for major part of the capital employed
Offers maximum opportunities to reduce costs and
shorten the process time thus increasing profits
Quality of finished products eventually depends on
the quality of the materials used
Materials management encompasses some of the most
prominent areas like Purchasing, Storing, Inventory,
Material Handling, Transportation, Shipping….
Material Procured should be compatible with the
demand
25. Functions
Minimisation of costs (Material, purchase, inventory..)
Maintain the desired quality
Avoid overstocking & stock outs
Increase the inventory turnover
Vendor Management & Vendor Relations
Development of Operations Personnel
27. Modes of purchasing materials
Spot Quotations
Floating the limited inquiry
Tender
28. Stores Management
Functions:
Receipt
Storage
Retrieval
Issue
Records
Housekeeping
Surplus stock
Scrap
Verification
Co ordination & Co operation
29. Stores Management
Objective:
Material never goes out of stock
Material is never too excess than what is required
Minimise costs
Material should be easily traceable and available at
beck and call
To protect the stores against theft , damage etc…
Optimum utilisation of cubic space.
30. Principles of Stores Layout
Optimum utilization of floor space
Adequate floor load
Wide aisles & Gangways
Heavy items to be stored at low levels
Most frequently used items to be stored near issuing
windows
Movement of air, temp, light, materials, humans not to
be obstructed
Ergonomically designed
31. Water proofing is essential
Adequate security & safety
Adequate material handling equipments
Proper Material tracking & locating systems
34. Maintainance Management
It refers to the upkeep and protection of plant,
building & machinery and other fixed assets of a firm
which are subject to deterioration due to their use and
exposure to the environment over a period of time.
Maintainance encompasses all those activities
required to keep the physical facilities and equipments
in good working condition and make necessary repairs
when breakdown occurs, so that the system can
perform as intended.
35. Major areas of Maintainance
Civil
Mechanical
Electrical
37. Some Indices
Maintenance cost index
Frequency of breakdowns
Down time index
Breakdown Maintenance index
Labour cost of planned Maintainance
38. KAIZEN
Developed by Masaaki Imai
Meaning
Principles
Merits
Limitations
5 s
39.
40. KANBAN
Literal Meaning “Card Bin”
Coined by Taiichi Ohno
It is a scheduling system for Regular and just-in-
time (JIT) production.
41.
42. Six Sigma
Six Sigma ( ) is a process improvement set of tools
and strategies to achieve excellence and perfection.
Developed by Motorola in 1986.
The term borrows its name from the Normal
Distribution.
A six sigma certification is granted to a process which
manufactures products in which 99.99966% Of the
products manufactured are free of defects.
A maximum of 3.4 defects per million are allowed.
44. Learning Curve
A learning curve is a graphical representation of the
changing rate of learning (in the average person) for a
given activity or task.
46. Quality
The quality of product or service is a customer’s
perception of the degree to which the product or
service meets his or her expectations.
Quality is the performance of the product as per the
commitment made by the producer to the consumer.
47. Benefits of Quality Control
Minimum Scrap
Reduction in costs
Standardisation or uniformity in products
Reduced Production Bottlenecks & Stoppages
Reduced inspection and Quality Checks
High Customer Satisfaction
Increase in Brand Goodwill & thus higher Sales
Higher Operating efficiency
Sense of pride amongst the Employees
Better utilisation of resources.
48. Dimensions of Product Quality
Performance
Features
Reliability
Serviceability
Appearance
Customer Service
Safety
49. Q C TOOLS
Stratification
Data Collection
Check Sheet
Pareto Analysis
Histogram
Ishikawa Diagram
Control Charts