Here are the main types of hazardous materials:
- Chemicals - This includes industrial chemicals, cleaning products, pesticides, and other substances used in manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and other industries. Many of these have toxic, flammable, corrosive or reactive properties.
- Petroleum products - Gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, and other petroleum-based liquids are flammable and can also be toxic.
- Radioactive materials - Used in nuclear power generation, medical procedures, research, and some industrial processes. Poses radiation hazards.
- Batteries - Rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries can contain toxic heavy metals like mercury, cadmium,
Planning waste management and recycling for all waste generated by an organisation can be a daunting and enormous task which will require logistical planning, knowledge of legislation and a more in-depth understanding in order to balance environmental and economic benefits.
This task quite often will fall with the energy manager for the organisation, if there is no sustainability person or team. The session gives a brief introduction on principles of waste management and relevant legal issues and gives practical guidance on how to set up waste management and recycling for your organisation.
Planning waste management and recycling for all waste generated by an organisation can be a daunting and enormous task which will require logistical planning, knowledge of legislation and a more in-depth understanding in order to balance environmental and economic benefits.
This task quite often will fall with the energy manager for the organisation, if there is no sustainability person or team. The session gives a brief introduction on principles of waste management and relevant legal issues and gives practical guidance on how to set up waste management and recycling for your organisation.
Construction and Demolition Waste and its management. There are many less known facts stated in C&D Waste Rules, 2016 published by MoEF&CC, Govt. of India and other Authors. Here is a brief description in the slides.
Mahesh Joshi on need of segregation of solid wasteMahesh Joshi
This is my Presentation on Need of Segregation of Municipal Solid Waste during M.Sc. Environmental Science. It was a project for Service Course for Communication Skills.
TSDF has played a vital role in hazardous waste management (HWM) includes transporting hazardous waste from a generator's site to disposal facility for recycling, treat, store, or dispose of the waste. The waste which cannot be used for any purpose, the safe and environmentally sound disposal has been adopted depending upon the nature of hazardous waste. TSDF follows the generator and transporter in the chain of waste management activities. These include general facility standards as well as unit-specific design and operating criteria. The general facility standards consist of good housekeeping provisions for any facility that handles hazardous waste.
Hazardous waste is waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.
Characteristic hazardous wastes are materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or more of the following four hazardous traits:
ignitability, reactivity, corrosivity, toxicity
Construction and Demolition Waste and its management. There are many less known facts stated in C&D Waste Rules, 2016 published by MoEF&CC, Govt. of India and other Authors. Here is a brief description in the slides.
Mahesh Joshi on need of segregation of solid wasteMahesh Joshi
This is my Presentation on Need of Segregation of Municipal Solid Waste during M.Sc. Environmental Science. It was a project for Service Course for Communication Skills.
TSDF has played a vital role in hazardous waste management (HWM) includes transporting hazardous waste from a generator's site to disposal facility for recycling, treat, store, or dispose of the waste. The waste which cannot be used for any purpose, the safe and environmentally sound disposal has been adopted depending upon the nature of hazardous waste. TSDF follows the generator and transporter in the chain of waste management activities. These include general facility standards as well as unit-specific design and operating criteria. The general facility standards consist of good housekeeping provisions for any facility that handles hazardous waste.
Hazardous waste is waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.
Characteristic hazardous wastes are materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or more of the following four hazardous traits:
ignitability, reactivity, corrosivity, toxicity
Management of Electricals and Electronics Waste. E-waste is any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliance. E-waste includes computers, entertainment electronics, mobile phones and other items that have been discarded by their original user. Electronic appliance makes more toxic waste.
A complete PPT on E-Waste.
PPT: E-waste or Electronic Waste is the inevitable by-product of a technological revolution. Driven primarily by faster, smaller and cheaper microchip technology, society is experiencing an evolution in the capability of electronic appliances and personal electronics.E-waste is the most rapidly growing waste problem in the world. It is a crisis of not quantity alone but also a crisis born from toxic ingredients, posing a threat to the occupational health as well as the environment.
Visit www.topicsforseminar.com to Download
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
2. Waste- Definition & Classification
• Any material which is not needed by the
owner, producer or processor.
• “Wastes are substances or objects which are
disposed of, or are required to be disposed of
by national law” (Basel Convention)
Classification
• Domestic waste
• Factory waste
• Waste from oil factory
• E-waste
• Construction waste
• Agricultural waste
• Food processing waste
• Bio-medical waste
• Nuclear waste
5. What is a landfill?
• “In a landfill, the
waste is put on or in
the ground and is
covered with earth.
Because there is no
burning, and
because each day’s
fill is covered with
at least six inches of
earth, air pollution
and population of
vermin are kept
down.”
6. Landfills
• Landfills are a quick-fix solution. There is only a fixed volume of
garbage that can be accepted within a landfill.
• Existing Landfills create a slue of environmental problems.
• This is especially true for older landfills.
• Problems with landfills include
• Leaching: things like old batteries, household products, paint,
solvents, etc leak out of their containers and contaminate the
ground water
• Methane production – anaerobic decomposition of organic waste
generates methane gas, which is highly flammable. Flames
bolting out of landfills are not uncommon.
• Incomplete decomposition = some things just never breakdown.
Plastics for examples may be around forever.
• Settling = Buildings are sometimes constructed on old landfills.
For example the Inorbit Mall and other Raheja Commercial
Complex at Malad (West) Link Road. Building on landfills is not
as structurally sound as one might originally think.
7. Landfills
• When all the refuse is collected and deposited in
one location, the concentrated garbage creates a
slue of environmental problems.
• Newer landfills must consider these
environmental consequences when being built.
The contamination of the groundwater is
especially important, and modern landfills are
required to be built 20’ above the existing water
table.
• The following illustration diagrams some of these
environmental problems.
8.
9. Garbage Incinerators
• One solution to eliminating waste is to
incinerate it.
• Incinerators burn garbage in a furnace at
very high temperatures, which dramatically
decreases the volume.
• The burning of garbage can be used to
generate electricity (Waste-to-Energy;
WTE), similar to coal-burning power
plants.
11. Benefits of Incinerators
• Incinerators have several advantages over landfill waste
disposal (wikipedia.org)
• Can be used to generate electricity
• Garbage incinerators burn cleaner and generate less dioxins than
coal-burning power plants.
• Significantly reduces the volume of garbage
• Modern incinerators have “scrubbers” to purify the emissions and
the ash is tested routinely for hazardous waste.
• Medical waste and biohazard materials are sterilized and
pathogens are destroyed
• In densely populated areas, incinerators eliminate the need to
build new landfills, which are unsightly and generate a slue of
environmental problems of their own.
12. Arguments Against Incinerators
• From Wikipedia.org
• Waste from incinerators maybe a health hazard:
• Dioxins and furans
• Incinerators generate pollution
• Air pollutants include: hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide,
& CO2
• Solid pollutants:
• Fly Ash = the ash from incinerators released to the air can be contaminated
with lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc.
• Bottom Ash = sundry toxic materials.
• The solid pollutants still need to be disposed of
• Incinerators are expensive to build (especially when you consider the
lower cost to build landfills)
• WTE incinerators require energy to “scrub” the emissions
• If paper and other flammables are recycled, the WTE plants may have
to be augmented with natural gas to continue generating power. This
might counter efforts to recycle.
• Incinerators generate odor.
13. Landfills and Incinerators:
Are they the only choices?
• Both landfills and incinerators are less than ideal. They
generate environmental, economic, and health concerns. What
then? What do we do with all the waste?
• Landfills and incinerators are couched within the philosophy
that we need better ways of eliminating or removing garbage.
• Reduce the amount of garbage that has to be disposed. By
reusing and recycling materials (and by encouraging and
supporting these behaviors), we may be able to reduce the
amount of waste.
• Buy products with less packaging-send a message to
manufacturers by supporting companies that package products
with minimal packaging. The cost of packaging is passed on
to the consumer by existing garbage taxes and new taxes to
pay for new landfills or incinerators.
• We may also need to curb our spending habits.
14. Waste is a strategic issue
Because:
• Companies are facing intense competition which
leads to strategies that seek to reduce costs
through minimising all types of waste
• National and international regulation and
legislation is increasing
• Customers are increasing concerned with the
environmental impact of products and services
15. Managing Waste
Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms.
Benefits of recycling:
-Reduce environmental degradation
-Making money out of waste
-Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &
product manufacture
Saving through recycling:
-When Al is resmelted- considerable saving in cost
-Making paper from waste saves 50% energy
-Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to
100 litres of oil
16. Recycling not a solution to all problems!
Recycling is not a solution to managing every
kind of waste material
For many items recycling technologies are
unavailable or unsafe
In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.
18. The 5 R’s of Waste Management
Refuse – Do not use non bio-degradable materials is the
process in the first place
Eg. No Plastic bags as packaging for consumer
products.
Reduce – don’t manufacture goods that will be
discarded in the first place.
Eg. Reduced packaging for consumer products.
Re-use – use materials over again for the original
intended purpose or for a new purpose.
Eg. Plastic grocery bags can be reused for
groceries or you can use them as a lunch bag or
something else.
19. Recycle – break down materials and reform them into
new products. Requires much less energy than
manufacturing products from raw materials.
Eg. Pop cans. Aluminum is melted down
and made into new pop cans, storm doors,etc.
Recover – recover as much energy as possible before a
material is discarded.
Eg. Some places will burn garbage, then
use the heat to generate electricity
before disposing of the ash.
20. Waste Management Hierarchy Methods
Prevent •Clean Design
•Design for: manufacture, assembly, maintenance, dismantling,
standardisation
•Extend product life expectancy
•Manufacturing technology e.g. near net-shape forming.
•Lean Manufacturing, Just-in-Time Manufacturing
•Total Quality Management
•Process monitoring and control
•Environmental management systems (EMS)
Reuse (no physical or chemical changes
necessary)
•Primary / secondary function
•After use
•Repair
Recycle (changing the physical or chemical
properties)
•Remanufacture
•Reclamation of materials
•Regeneration
•Composting
•Material recovery
Energy recovery Incineration to produce energy
Safe disposal •Incineration without energy recovery
•Landfill
21. e-Wastes
• Typically, e-waste or Waste Electrical and
Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is waste consisting
of any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic
appliance that has been disposed off either after its
usable life ends, or as unwanted byproducts
generated during manufacturing.
• It includes electrical and electronic devices like
entertainment electronics, computers, mobile
phones, refrigerators, lamps and their components.
• A preliminary investigation by the WEEE taskforce
has estimated that the total WEEE generation in
India is approximately 1,46,000 tones per year.
22. WEEE management challenges in India
• Rapidly increasing e-waste volumes include domestically
generated as well imports that are disguised as second-hand
computer donations towards bridging the digital divide or simply
as metal scrap.
• There are no accurate estimates of the quantity of e-waste
generated and recycled.
• Awareness amongst manufacturers and consumers regarding the
hazards of incorrect e-waste disposal is low.
• Widespread e-waste recycling in the informal sector using
rudimentary techniques such as acid leaching and open air
burning is resulting in severe environmental damage.
• E-waste workers have little or no knowledge of toxins in e-waste
and are exposed to serious health hazards.
• Inefficient recycling processes result in substantial losses of
material value.
• ‘Cherry-picking’ by recyclers who recover precious metals and
improperly dispose of the rest is a cause for concern.
23. Some Solutions to e-Wastes
• Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). EPR is seen as a useful policy as it
internalized the end-of-life costs and provided a competitive incentive for
companies to design equipment with less costs and liabilities when it reached
its end-of-life.
• There is no expressed legislation in India that is taking care of E-waste in
India. The Government of India has reiterated its commitment to Waste
Minimization & Control of Hazardous Wastes, both nationally and
internationally. The general environmental laws are indirectly touching the
aspects of E-waste.
• The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of
Hazardous Wastes & Disposal was signed by India on 15th March 1990,
ratified and acceded to in 1992, and amended in 2003. A ratification of this
convention obliges India to address the problem of trans-boundary movement
and disposal of dangerous hazardous wastes through international
cooperation. As per the Basel Convention, India cannot export hazardous
wastes listed in Annex VIII of the Convention from the countries that have
ratified the ban agreement. However, the convention agreement does not
restrict the import of such wastes from countries that have not ratified the
Basel Convention. It is through the orders of the Hon. Supreme Court that the
import of such wastes is now banned in the country. The legal basis,
therefore, is regulated in the Hazardous Waste Management & Handling
Rules (1989 / 2000 / 2003 amended).
• Despite being the largest producer of E-waste, the US has refused to sign the
international Basel Convention to prevent the transfer of hazardous waste
from developed to developing countries.
24. WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL WASTE?
BIOMEDICAL WASTES are wastes, which
are generated during the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings or animals
or in research activities pertaining thereto or in
the production or testing of biological. Bio-
medical wastes are infectious and hazardous -
need to be managed carefully.
25. BIOMEDICAL WASTES REGULATIONS
• BIOMEDICAL WASTES (M&H) RULES 1998 - E(P) ACT
1986 as amended in 2000, 2003
• MOE&F- NODAL AGENCY
• PRESCRIBED AUTHORITY-IMPLEMENTATION
These rules provide a system for regulating handling BMW
which includes collection, segregation at source, norms for
packaging labeling and options for treatment and disposal
along with the standard for treatment technologies.
• For proper management & Handling of Bio-Medical
Waste.
• Applicable to all persons who generate, collect, receive,
store, transport, treat, dispose or handle bio-medical waste
in any form.
26. Bio-Medical Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules,1998
As per Rule 8 , Every Occupier of an
institution generating, collecting, receiving,
storing, transporting, treating, disposing
and /or handling bio-medical waste in any
other manner, except such occupier of
clinics, dispensaries, pathological
laboratories, blood banks providing
treatment / service to less than 1000 (one
thousand) patients per month, shall make an
application in Form I to the prescribed
authority for grant of authorization.
27. DEADLINES FOR SETTING UP BIOMEDICAL
WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
According to BMW Rules 1998 deadline for setting up of
treatment facilities:
Metros with population >30 lakhs -30.06.2000
Cities with population < 30 lakhs
Hospitals and Nursing Homes >500 beds -30.06.2000
Hospitals and Nursing Homes 200-500 beds -31.12.2000
Hospitals and Nursing Homes 50-200 beds -31.12.2001
Hospitals and Nursing Homes <50 beds -31.12.2002
All others -31.12.2002
29. COLOUR CODING AND TYPE OF
CONTAINER FOR DISPOSAL OF
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
Colour
Coding
Type of Container
Waste
Category
Treatment options
Yellow Plastic Bag
Categories 1, 2,
3 & 6.
Incineration deep burial Red.
Plastic Bag
Categories 3, 6,
7
Autoclaving/Micro-waving Chemical Treatment
Blue/White
Transluce
nt
Plastic Bag /punctproof
containers
Cat. 4, Cat. 7
Autoclaving/Micro-waving/ Chemical Treatment
& Destruction / shredding
Black Plastic Bag
Categories 5, 9,
10
Disposal in secured landfill.
32. NIMBY – Not In My Back Yard
During the 1980s, developed
countries witnessed the rapid
growth of a powerful
environmental movement. One
key international issue was the
transport of hazardous waste
from developed to developing
countries. Economists argued
that developing countries should
have the freedom to seek
economic development in ways
that they considered
appropriate. Environmentalists
and individual citizens decried
the ethical implications of these
“Toxic exports”
33. Basel Convention
• The Basel Convention (Basel Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their
Disposal) is an international treaty that was designed to reduce
the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and
specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from
developed to less developed countries (LDCs). It does not,
however, address the movement of radioactive waste. The
Convention is also intended to minimize the amount and toxicity
of wastes generated, to ensure their environmentally sound
management as closely as possible to the source of generation,
and to assist LDCs in environmentally sound management of the
hazardous and other wastes they generate.
• The Convention was opened for signature on March 22, 1989,
and entered into force on May 5, 1992. Of the 170 parties to the
Convention, Afghanistan, Haiti, and the United States have
signed the Convention but have not yet ratified it.
34. DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
• In India it was first defined as “Hazardous Waste
(Management and Handling) Rules 1989” which
contained a schedule list of 13 categories
• India signed Basel Convention on 15.03.1990
• Ratified on 24.06.1992
• Acceded on 22.09.1992
• Basel Convention defines Hazardous Waste in Article 2
as
• “Waste are substances or objects which are disposed of or are
intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed by
provisions of National Law”
35. DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
Supreme Court regarded Hazardous Waste as:
Any substances, whether in solid, liquid or gaseous form,
which has no foreseeable use and which by reason of any
physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive,
corrosive, radioactive or infectious characteristics causes
danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment,
whether alone or when in contact with other wastes or
environment whether alone or when in contact with other
wastes and environment and should be considered as such
when generated, handled, stored, transported, treated and
disposed of. This definition includes any product that releases
hazardous substance at the end of its life, if indiscriminately
disposed of.
36. HAZARDOUS WASTE CLASSIFICATION
• Hazardous Waste classification in Indian mainly
classified in two categories as follows:
• Organic Waste : 57%
• Acid/Alkali, Slurry Waste : 13%
• Waste containing Water soluble
Compounds of Heavy Metals : 8%
• Off spec. discarded products : 6%
• Waste Oil inclusion : 5%
37. Types of Hazardous Materials
(HAZMAT)• Why do we have hazardous materials?
• HAZMAT can be byproducts created from the production of other substances
• HAZMAT are used to perform certain tasks:
• Dry-cleaning
• Cleaning electronic equipment
• Building products
• Pesticides
• Enhance gasoline
• Insulating electronics
• Laboratory chemicals for analyses and testing
• Etc
• HAZMAT are classified into substances that are
• Ignitable (gasoline, alcohol)
• Corrosive (acids)
• Reactive (may explode or produce fumes
• Toxic or carcinogenic
• The following slide shows placards used to transport various toxic
substances.
40. French aircraft carrier Clemenceau
• December 12, 2005, Clemenceau, Ghost ship nobody wants
• 27,000-ton warship full of asbestos, PCBs, lead, mercury, and
other toxic chemicals
• Indian scrapyard of Alang (Bhavnagar district, Gujarat) , a place
where environmental regulations are lax and workers' rights are
practically nonexistant
• In most shipbreaking nations proper waste management is
absent. There are no rules and regulations. And where rules
exist, they're unlikely to be enforced.
• Basel Convention (1989) is an international treaty which
prohibits the export of hazardous waste from rich to poor
countries
• Greenpeace raised awareness campaigned against the ship in
India as well as in France
• French President Chirac has announced a dramatic recall of the
asbestos-laden warship Clemenceau