CAPE HISTORY UNIT ONE Final dismantlement of slave systems, 1807 1886 nncapesociology
The document discusses the final dismantlement of slave systems between 1807-1886. It provides details on the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade by various countries from 1803-1824. It then examines the factors that led to the British abolition of the slave trade in 1807, including the work of abolitionists, the Haitian Revolution, economic reasons, and changes in government. Opposition to the slave trade included resistance by enslaved people in Africa and the Americas as well as activism by white abolitionists, black abolitionists like Olaudah Equiano, and women's groups.
The document summarizes the settlement and development of America between 1700-1763. It describes how explorers and settlers from Spain, France, and England arrived for different reasons, with the English seeking religious freedom and opportunity. By 1740, the colonies had developed distinct social and political differences. The French and Indian War helped the colonies unite against a common enemy and produced leaders like Washington and Franklin. However, Britain's attempts to tax the colonies to repay war debts without representation led to growing tensions.
The document summarizes key aspects of the African slave trade. It discusses:
- Africans were captured from the interior and held in baracoons along the coast until being transported. Major European powers like Portugal, France, England were involved in the triangular slave trade between Africa, the Americas, and Europe from the 1500s to 1807.
- An estimated 8-15 million Africans were taken as slaves, with around 2 million going to the British Caribbean alone. The largest numbers went to Jamaica, Barbados, Martinique, and Haiti.
- There was a sexual imbalance in the slave trade, with more men transported than women. Planters preferred male workers and internal African markets drove up prices
The document summarizes the major European colonial powers and some of their earliest colonies in North America during the 15th-17th centuries. It discusses the Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, French and British colonies, as well as some of the earliest English settlements like Jamestown, Plymouth, and St. Augustine. Key events mentioned include the founding of Brazil by the Portuguese, the establishment of the 13 British colonies along the eastern seaboard, and the first Thanksgiving celebrated by the Pilgrims in Plymouth in 1621.
Europeans began exploring overseas in search of new trade routes to Asia in order to gain wealth and power. Christopher Columbus reached the Americas in 1492 while seeking a western route to Asia, beginning European colonization of the region. The first English colonies in North America were established at Jamestown in 1607 and Plymouth in 1620 by the Virginia Company and Pilgrims respectively. Tensions arose between European powers as they competed for territory and resources in North America, culminating in the French and Indian War which began in 1754.
This chapter discusses the social and economic development of early America. It describes the early colonial settlers as predominantly young, poor males and examines the differing ecologies and relations with Native Americans in different regions. Population growth increased dramatically between 1750-1775. Gender roles were clearly defined, with women having few rights. The economies of the southern colonies were based around tobacco, rice and indigo plantations worked by African slaves, while New England developed shipbuilding, trade and small farms. The Enlightenment and Great Awakening religious revivals influenced colonial thought.
The English established colonies in North America for various reasons, including religious freedom, opportunities for land ownership, and to expand their empire. The first permanent English colony was Jamestown, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company. Self-governance developed through entities like the House of Burgesses in Virginia and the Mayflower Compact of the Plymouth Colony. The colonies developed diverse economies including farming, fishing, lumbering and cash crops, and employed indentured servants and slaves to work the land.
The early British colonies were established for economic reasons, with the first being Jamestown in 1607. Tobacco became a profitable crop in Virginia while indentured servitude provided labor. Self-governance emerged through entities like the Virginia House of Burgesses and Mayflower Compact. Puritans founded colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to escape religious persecution in England. The 13 original colonies developed diverse economies while remaining tied to England through the Navigation Acts; however, they gained a growing spirit of self-determination.
CAPE HISTORY UNIT ONE Final dismantlement of slave systems, 1807 1886 nncapesociology
The document discusses the final dismantlement of slave systems between 1807-1886. It provides details on the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade by various countries from 1803-1824. It then examines the factors that led to the British abolition of the slave trade in 1807, including the work of abolitionists, the Haitian Revolution, economic reasons, and changes in government. Opposition to the slave trade included resistance by enslaved people in Africa and the Americas as well as activism by white abolitionists, black abolitionists like Olaudah Equiano, and women's groups.
The document summarizes the settlement and development of America between 1700-1763. It describes how explorers and settlers from Spain, France, and England arrived for different reasons, with the English seeking religious freedom and opportunity. By 1740, the colonies had developed distinct social and political differences. The French and Indian War helped the colonies unite against a common enemy and produced leaders like Washington and Franklin. However, Britain's attempts to tax the colonies to repay war debts without representation led to growing tensions.
The document summarizes key aspects of the African slave trade. It discusses:
- Africans were captured from the interior and held in baracoons along the coast until being transported. Major European powers like Portugal, France, England were involved in the triangular slave trade between Africa, the Americas, and Europe from the 1500s to 1807.
- An estimated 8-15 million Africans were taken as slaves, with around 2 million going to the British Caribbean alone. The largest numbers went to Jamaica, Barbados, Martinique, and Haiti.
- There was a sexual imbalance in the slave trade, with more men transported than women. Planters preferred male workers and internal African markets drove up prices
The document summarizes the major European colonial powers and some of their earliest colonies in North America during the 15th-17th centuries. It discusses the Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, French and British colonies, as well as some of the earliest English settlements like Jamestown, Plymouth, and St. Augustine. Key events mentioned include the founding of Brazil by the Portuguese, the establishment of the 13 British colonies along the eastern seaboard, and the first Thanksgiving celebrated by the Pilgrims in Plymouth in 1621.
Europeans began exploring overseas in search of new trade routes to Asia in order to gain wealth and power. Christopher Columbus reached the Americas in 1492 while seeking a western route to Asia, beginning European colonization of the region. The first English colonies in North America were established at Jamestown in 1607 and Plymouth in 1620 by the Virginia Company and Pilgrims respectively. Tensions arose between European powers as they competed for territory and resources in North America, culminating in the French and Indian War which began in 1754.
This chapter discusses the social and economic development of early America. It describes the early colonial settlers as predominantly young, poor males and examines the differing ecologies and relations with Native Americans in different regions. Population growth increased dramatically between 1750-1775. Gender roles were clearly defined, with women having few rights. The economies of the southern colonies were based around tobacco, rice and indigo plantations worked by African slaves, while New England developed shipbuilding, trade and small farms. The Enlightenment and Great Awakening religious revivals influenced colonial thought.
The English established colonies in North America for various reasons, including religious freedom, opportunities for land ownership, and to expand their empire. The first permanent English colony was Jamestown, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company. Self-governance developed through entities like the House of Burgesses in Virginia and the Mayflower Compact of the Plymouth Colony. The colonies developed diverse economies including farming, fishing, lumbering and cash crops, and employed indentured servants and slaves to work the land.
The early British colonies were established for economic reasons, with the first being Jamestown in 1607. Tobacco became a profitable crop in Virginia while indentured servitude provided labor. Self-governance emerged through entities like the Virginia House of Burgesses and Mayflower Compact. Puritans founded colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to escape religious persecution in England. The 13 original colonies developed diverse economies while remaining tied to England through the Navigation Acts; however, they gained a growing spirit of self-determination.
The document summarizes the triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that was central to the Atlantic slave trade. The Henrietta Marie, a slave ship from London, is used to illustrate a typical slave trading voyage. It would carry manufactured goods to Africa to trade for enslaved Africans, transporting them in horrific conditions to the Caribbean on the Middle Passage. There, the slaves were sold and the ship loaded with sugar and other goods to bring back profits to Europe, completing the triangle. The slave trade resulted in the forced migration and deaths of millions of Africans for European economic gain.
The document summarizes the collision of European and Native American cultures that began with Christopher Columbus' voyages in the late 15th century. It describes the populations and civilizations in North America at that time, including the Adena, Mississippian, and Hohokam cultures. It then discusses the Spanish conquest of Native American lands and peoples, including the effects of diseases introduced from Europe and the establishment of the encomienda system of forced labor. Finally, it briefly outlines the spread of Catholicism and European colonialism across North and Central America and the American Southwest in the following centuries.
Early British colonies struggled at Jamestown until John Smith established farming and trade with local natives. Tobacco later saved the colony and fueled the use of indentured servants and African slaves to work tobacco plantations. Discontent among poor colonists and natives led to Bacon's Rebellion. Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony with intertwined politics and religion. King Philip's War erupted as natives fought colonists throughout New England. The Middle Colonies grew through trade while Pennsylvania offered religious freedom under Quaker William Penn. Tensions rose as the colonies expanded westward during the French and Indian War.
The document provides an overview of the peopling and early history of North America. It describes how the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart. Various groups migrated across a land bridge between Asia and North America around 35,000 years ago to populate the Americas. Corn was domesticated in Mexico around 5,000 BC, allowing for settled farming communities and the rise of early civilizations like the Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas. Europeans began exploring and colonizing the Americas around 500 years ago, bringing both old and new world plants, animals, and diseases, radically transforming the populations and environments of both regions.
The document summarizes England's growing imperial ambitions in North America in the late 1500s and early 1600s. It discusses early failed English colonization attempts and the founding of Jamestown in 1607. It then outlines the development of the early English colonies in North America, including the establishment of joint-stock companies, the growth of tobacco cultivation, the introduction of slavery from the West Indies, and the founding of other colonies like Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia through the 1700s.
The document summarizes the French colonies in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes how the French settled in areas like Canada and Louisiana, establishing colonies called New France. The French relied heavily on fur trading with local indigenous groups and formed alliances with Algonquian and Huron tribes. However, conflicts arose with the Iroquois tribe and over competition in the fur trade. The French colonies focused on trade but faced threats from growing English colonies and tensions with native populations.
The document summarizes the settlement of the Northern colonies by Puritans in the 17th century. It describes the origins and beliefs of Puritanism stemming from the Protestant Reformation. Puritans established colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to practice their religion freely. However, religious dissenters like Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams were banished for their radical beliefs. Tensions also arose with local Native American tribes, leading to conflicts like the Pequot War. By the 1630s, the Puritan colonies of New England were established.
The documents discuss the Haitian Revolution and the fight for independence. Document I shows that the French National Assembly abolished slavery and declared all people, regardless of color, to be citizens in 1794. Document II features a letter from Toussaint L'Ouverture stating his commitment to liberty and equality in St. Domingue. Document III describes the hardships facing General Le Clerc in St. Domingue in 1802, as his troops faced rebellion, disease, and burnt lands providing no resources. Finally, Document IV contains an address from Jean Jacques Dessalines to his troops in 1802, outlining his plan to fight the French into leaving and gain full independence for the island, with no white
This document provides an overview of early American history from the pre-Columbian period through the colonial era. It discusses how the first Americans migrated to North America across the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age. It then summarizes the major indigenous civilizations that existed in North and Mesoamerica prior to European contact, including the Aztec and Inca Empires. The document next examines the motivations and activities of the major European colonial powers in North America, including exploration, conquest of native peoples, and the establishment of colonies. It provides brief summaries of the founding and economies of the 13 original colonies.
The document provides a summary of the early English colonies in Virginia in the 17th century. It describes how the first colony at Jamestown struggled due to its location and lack of support. It then discusses how the colonists grew tobacco and used indentured servants and later African slaves as labor. It also discusses the conflicts between the colonists and Native Americans over land and resources. By the late 1600s, the population was growing and the colony was becoming more prosperous due to the tobacco trade.
1.1 spanish french dutch british colonieskellycrowell
Before Columbus arrived in 1492, North America was dominated by diverse indigenous groups with different ways of life. In eastern North America, groups like the Iroquois and Cherokee lived in farming villages, while on the Great Plains the Sioux and Cheyenne hunted buffalo. In central America, the powerful Aztec Empire dominated surrounding groups. After Columbus' arrival, European powers colonized different regions of North America for reasons like finding wealth and converting indigenous peoples to Christianity. The Spanish focused on mining gold and silver in central and South America as well as the southwest US. The French claimed territory from Canada to Louisiana and focused on the fur trade. The Dutch colony of New Amsterdam allowed religious freedom and political participation.
Europeans colonized North America for several key reasons:
1) Prejudice - European colonists viewed indigenous people as inferior and did not understand resistance to change.
2) Slavery - The slave trade brought thousands of Africans to work plantations, and many Europeans believed slavery was acceptable.
3) Economic factors - The "triangle trade" routed goods and slaves between West Africa, the Caribbean/American colonies, and Britain for mutual economic benefit, especially through the slave trade.
The document provides an overview of the key differences among the British colonies in North America, including the Chesapeake (Virginia), New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. It summarizes that the Chesapeake colonies like Virginia relied on tobacco plantations and slavery. The New England colonies such as Plymouth and Massachusetts were founded for religious freedom and had family settlers who farmed. The Middle colonies including Pennsylvania and New York had diverse populations and economies. The Southern colonies resembled Virginia with cash crops like rice and indigo that relied on the slave labor system.
The document summarizes tensions over slavery in the United States prior to the Civil War. It describes how Africans were captured and sold into the transatlantic slave trade, with millions dying during the journey or in captivity. The southern economy became dependent on slave labor to cultivate cash crops like cotton and tobacco. Slavery divided the nation along sectional lines, pitting the industrialized North against the agricultural South. Southern states defended the institution of slavery, leading to conflicts over states' rights and the expansion of slavery into new western territories. Enslaved people resisted through acts of sabotage, running away, and occasional rebellions, despite facing severe punishment if caught. The tensions over slavery and states' rights would
The document discusses the period of colonization in the Caribbean between the 17th-19th centuries. It describes how European powers like Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands colonized various Caribbean islands and established plantation economies dependent on African slave labor. Slavery resulted in the genocide and oppression of Africans, but slaves resisted through maroon communities, revolts, and maintaining aspects of their culture. The document also covers emancipation in the 1800s, the use of indentured servants from Asia, and how newly freed groups established independent communities and economic activities in the post-slavery period.
During the late 19th century, powerful European nations and imperial powers like Great Britain, France, and Germany colonized much of Africa and Asia in pursuit of raw materials, new markets, and national prestige through building overseas empires. This period of imperial expansion, known as the Age of Imperialism, saw European powers divide up Africa at the Berlin Conference without input from Africans. Resistance to imperialism emerged from colonized peoples in places like South Africa, India, and China, but European military superiority allowed them to maintain control over most colonized territories by 1914.
The document discusses the origins and impacts of the Atlantic slave trade. It began with African kingdoms practicing slavery for centuries before Europeans greatly increased demand. Slaves were transported in horrific conditions on ships to the Americas to work plantations growing cash crops like sugar. An estimated 11 million Africans were enslaved, with millions dying during the Middle Passage. The slave trade profoundly disrupted African societies and economies while fueling plantation economies in the Americas through centuries of slave labor.
Slavery was abolished in 1833 for both humanitarian and economic reasons. White middle class campaigners like Granville Sharp and William Wilberforce argued that slavery violated Christian teachings and was cruel. They collected petitions signed by over a million people calling for abolition. Working class citizens also campaigned against slavery and signed petitions. Meanwhile, slaves rebelled and demanded freedom, with rebellions in places like Haiti leading to the end of slavery there. Plantation owners also faced economic problems as sugar from other countries became cheaper to produce than sugar from slave plantations in the West Indies. Together, these humanitarian, economic and slave resistance factors led Parliament to abolish the slave trade in 1807 and finally end slavery in 1833
The United States followed a policy of expansionism in the 1800s, adding vast territories like the Louisiana Purchase which doubled the nation's size. While some Americans pushed for reforms like abolishing slavery, the nation was split by the issue of slavery which led to the Civil War. After the war, the US economy boomed as the country industrialized and became a world leader in manufacturing.
The document provides an overview of the 13 original colonies established by England in North America. It discusses the different types of colonies (corporate, royal, proprietary), reasons for colonization like economic opportunity and religious freedom, and the founding and economies of the first colonies like Jamestown and Plymouth. It also summarizes the economies and characteristics of the three regional groups of colonies - New England, Middle, and Southern. The Southern colonies relied heavily on large plantations and slave labor to grow cash crops like tobacco, rice and indigo. The Middle colonies had a mix of farming and commerce. The New England colonies had a difficult environment and relied more on fishing, timber and trade.
John C. Fremont led an unauthorized exploration through Alta California, a Mexican province, and seized Sonoma where American settlers proclaimed independence as the Bear Flag Republic. Stephen Kearney marched from Kansas to New Mexico and California, taking control of California and joining Fremont. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna used President Polk to regain the Mexican presidency and control of the military but ultimately lost the war and was forced to sign the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
AP Macroeconomics Expectations - Fall 2016Matthew Caggia
This document outlines the expectations, policies, and resources for an AP Macroeconomics class. It includes the teacher's mission and vision to increase student achievement and understanding of the broader world. Students are expected to be responsible for their own grades, learning, and actions. Assessments will include tests, projects, and homework, with grades calculated on a standard A-F scale. The document provides details on attendance, late work, academic honesty, and other policies to maximize learning. Resources like the class website and Google Classroom are listed to support students.
The document summarizes the triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that was central to the Atlantic slave trade. The Henrietta Marie, a slave ship from London, is used to illustrate a typical slave trading voyage. It would carry manufactured goods to Africa to trade for enslaved Africans, transporting them in horrific conditions to the Caribbean on the Middle Passage. There, the slaves were sold and the ship loaded with sugar and other goods to bring back profits to Europe, completing the triangle. The slave trade resulted in the forced migration and deaths of millions of Africans for European economic gain.
The document summarizes the collision of European and Native American cultures that began with Christopher Columbus' voyages in the late 15th century. It describes the populations and civilizations in North America at that time, including the Adena, Mississippian, and Hohokam cultures. It then discusses the Spanish conquest of Native American lands and peoples, including the effects of diseases introduced from Europe and the establishment of the encomienda system of forced labor. Finally, it briefly outlines the spread of Catholicism and European colonialism across North and Central America and the American Southwest in the following centuries.
Early British colonies struggled at Jamestown until John Smith established farming and trade with local natives. Tobacco later saved the colony and fueled the use of indentured servants and African slaves to work tobacco plantations. Discontent among poor colonists and natives led to Bacon's Rebellion. Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony with intertwined politics and religion. King Philip's War erupted as natives fought colonists throughout New England. The Middle Colonies grew through trade while Pennsylvania offered religious freedom under Quaker William Penn. Tensions rose as the colonies expanded westward during the French and Indian War.
The document provides an overview of the peopling and early history of North America. It describes how the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart. Various groups migrated across a land bridge between Asia and North America around 35,000 years ago to populate the Americas. Corn was domesticated in Mexico around 5,000 BC, allowing for settled farming communities and the rise of early civilizations like the Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas. Europeans began exploring and colonizing the Americas around 500 years ago, bringing both old and new world plants, animals, and diseases, radically transforming the populations and environments of both regions.
The document summarizes England's growing imperial ambitions in North America in the late 1500s and early 1600s. It discusses early failed English colonization attempts and the founding of Jamestown in 1607. It then outlines the development of the early English colonies in North America, including the establishment of joint-stock companies, the growth of tobacco cultivation, the introduction of slavery from the West Indies, and the founding of other colonies like Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia through the 1700s.
The document summarizes the French colonies in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes how the French settled in areas like Canada and Louisiana, establishing colonies called New France. The French relied heavily on fur trading with local indigenous groups and formed alliances with Algonquian and Huron tribes. However, conflicts arose with the Iroquois tribe and over competition in the fur trade. The French colonies focused on trade but faced threats from growing English colonies and tensions with native populations.
The document summarizes the settlement of the Northern colonies by Puritans in the 17th century. It describes the origins and beliefs of Puritanism stemming from the Protestant Reformation. Puritans established colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to practice their religion freely. However, religious dissenters like Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams were banished for their radical beliefs. Tensions also arose with local Native American tribes, leading to conflicts like the Pequot War. By the 1630s, the Puritan colonies of New England were established.
The documents discuss the Haitian Revolution and the fight for independence. Document I shows that the French National Assembly abolished slavery and declared all people, regardless of color, to be citizens in 1794. Document II features a letter from Toussaint L'Ouverture stating his commitment to liberty and equality in St. Domingue. Document III describes the hardships facing General Le Clerc in St. Domingue in 1802, as his troops faced rebellion, disease, and burnt lands providing no resources. Finally, Document IV contains an address from Jean Jacques Dessalines to his troops in 1802, outlining his plan to fight the French into leaving and gain full independence for the island, with no white
This document provides an overview of early American history from the pre-Columbian period through the colonial era. It discusses how the first Americans migrated to North America across the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age. It then summarizes the major indigenous civilizations that existed in North and Mesoamerica prior to European contact, including the Aztec and Inca Empires. The document next examines the motivations and activities of the major European colonial powers in North America, including exploration, conquest of native peoples, and the establishment of colonies. It provides brief summaries of the founding and economies of the 13 original colonies.
The document provides a summary of the early English colonies in Virginia in the 17th century. It describes how the first colony at Jamestown struggled due to its location and lack of support. It then discusses how the colonists grew tobacco and used indentured servants and later African slaves as labor. It also discusses the conflicts between the colonists and Native Americans over land and resources. By the late 1600s, the population was growing and the colony was becoming more prosperous due to the tobacco trade.
1.1 spanish french dutch british colonieskellycrowell
Before Columbus arrived in 1492, North America was dominated by diverse indigenous groups with different ways of life. In eastern North America, groups like the Iroquois and Cherokee lived in farming villages, while on the Great Plains the Sioux and Cheyenne hunted buffalo. In central America, the powerful Aztec Empire dominated surrounding groups. After Columbus' arrival, European powers colonized different regions of North America for reasons like finding wealth and converting indigenous peoples to Christianity. The Spanish focused on mining gold and silver in central and South America as well as the southwest US. The French claimed territory from Canada to Louisiana and focused on the fur trade. The Dutch colony of New Amsterdam allowed religious freedom and political participation.
Europeans colonized North America for several key reasons:
1) Prejudice - European colonists viewed indigenous people as inferior and did not understand resistance to change.
2) Slavery - The slave trade brought thousands of Africans to work plantations, and many Europeans believed slavery was acceptable.
3) Economic factors - The "triangle trade" routed goods and slaves between West Africa, the Caribbean/American colonies, and Britain for mutual economic benefit, especially through the slave trade.
The document provides an overview of the key differences among the British colonies in North America, including the Chesapeake (Virginia), New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. It summarizes that the Chesapeake colonies like Virginia relied on tobacco plantations and slavery. The New England colonies such as Plymouth and Massachusetts were founded for religious freedom and had family settlers who farmed. The Middle colonies including Pennsylvania and New York had diverse populations and economies. The Southern colonies resembled Virginia with cash crops like rice and indigo that relied on the slave labor system.
The document summarizes tensions over slavery in the United States prior to the Civil War. It describes how Africans were captured and sold into the transatlantic slave trade, with millions dying during the journey or in captivity. The southern economy became dependent on slave labor to cultivate cash crops like cotton and tobacco. Slavery divided the nation along sectional lines, pitting the industrialized North against the agricultural South. Southern states defended the institution of slavery, leading to conflicts over states' rights and the expansion of slavery into new western territories. Enslaved people resisted through acts of sabotage, running away, and occasional rebellions, despite facing severe punishment if caught. The tensions over slavery and states' rights would
The document discusses the period of colonization in the Caribbean between the 17th-19th centuries. It describes how European powers like Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands colonized various Caribbean islands and established plantation economies dependent on African slave labor. Slavery resulted in the genocide and oppression of Africans, but slaves resisted through maroon communities, revolts, and maintaining aspects of their culture. The document also covers emancipation in the 1800s, the use of indentured servants from Asia, and how newly freed groups established independent communities and economic activities in the post-slavery period.
During the late 19th century, powerful European nations and imperial powers like Great Britain, France, and Germany colonized much of Africa and Asia in pursuit of raw materials, new markets, and national prestige through building overseas empires. This period of imperial expansion, known as the Age of Imperialism, saw European powers divide up Africa at the Berlin Conference without input from Africans. Resistance to imperialism emerged from colonized peoples in places like South Africa, India, and China, but European military superiority allowed them to maintain control over most colonized territories by 1914.
The document discusses the origins and impacts of the Atlantic slave trade. It began with African kingdoms practicing slavery for centuries before Europeans greatly increased demand. Slaves were transported in horrific conditions on ships to the Americas to work plantations growing cash crops like sugar. An estimated 11 million Africans were enslaved, with millions dying during the Middle Passage. The slave trade profoundly disrupted African societies and economies while fueling plantation economies in the Americas through centuries of slave labor.
Slavery was abolished in 1833 for both humanitarian and economic reasons. White middle class campaigners like Granville Sharp and William Wilberforce argued that slavery violated Christian teachings and was cruel. They collected petitions signed by over a million people calling for abolition. Working class citizens also campaigned against slavery and signed petitions. Meanwhile, slaves rebelled and demanded freedom, with rebellions in places like Haiti leading to the end of slavery there. Plantation owners also faced economic problems as sugar from other countries became cheaper to produce than sugar from slave plantations in the West Indies. Together, these humanitarian, economic and slave resistance factors led Parliament to abolish the slave trade in 1807 and finally end slavery in 1833
The United States followed a policy of expansionism in the 1800s, adding vast territories like the Louisiana Purchase which doubled the nation's size. While some Americans pushed for reforms like abolishing slavery, the nation was split by the issue of slavery which led to the Civil War. After the war, the US economy boomed as the country industrialized and became a world leader in manufacturing.
The document provides an overview of the 13 original colonies established by England in North America. It discusses the different types of colonies (corporate, royal, proprietary), reasons for colonization like economic opportunity and religious freedom, and the founding and economies of the first colonies like Jamestown and Plymouth. It also summarizes the economies and characteristics of the three regional groups of colonies - New England, Middle, and Southern. The Southern colonies relied heavily on large plantations and slave labor to grow cash crops like tobacco, rice and indigo. The Middle colonies had a mix of farming and commerce. The New England colonies had a difficult environment and relied more on fishing, timber and trade.
John C. Fremont led an unauthorized exploration through Alta California, a Mexican province, and seized Sonoma where American settlers proclaimed independence as the Bear Flag Republic. Stephen Kearney marched from Kansas to New Mexico and California, taking control of California and joining Fremont. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna used President Polk to regain the Mexican presidency and control of the military but ultimately lost the war and was forced to sign the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
AP Macroeconomics Expectations - Fall 2016Matthew Caggia
This document outlines the expectations, policies, and resources for an AP Macroeconomics class. It includes the teacher's mission and vision to increase student achievement and understanding of the broader world. Students are expected to be responsible for their own grades, learning, and actions. Assessments will include tests, projects, and homework, with grades calculated on a standard A-F scale. The document provides details on attendance, late work, academic honesty, and other policies to maximize learning. Resources like the class website and Google Classroom are listed to support students.
Civics & Economics Expectations - Fall 2016Matthew Caggia
This document outlines the expectations, policies, and resources for a Civics and Economics class. It includes information about the teacher's vision and core beliefs, which focus on providing standards-based learning to increase student achievement and help students become productive citizens. It also details availability for tutorials, required supplies, online resources, an overview of the course content, grading policies, class rules, and expectations around attendance, late work, and academic honesty.
John C. Fremont led an unauthorized expedition into Mexican territory in Alta California and helped settlers there declare independence as the Bear Flag Republic. Stephen Kearney marched troops from Kansas to New Mexico and California to take control of the territories. Several key figures played roles in the war, including James K. Polk who pushed for war over the Texas border dispute, Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott who led military victories, and Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna who initially went into exile but returned to lead Mexican forces until being forced to sign the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ceding California and New Mexico to the US.
The Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862-1865 chartered the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads to build the transcontinental railroad. The railroads received loans of $16,000-$48,000 per mile of track laid and 10 square miles of land for each mile built. The railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the eastern and western United States by rail and enabling the transport of cattle from Texas to markets in the central plains. Ranchers began fencing in their land with barbed wire and raising more docile breeds of cattle as long cattle drives became impractical. Farming technologies like steel plows, mechanical reapers, and grain drills helped make farming the prairie lands viable.
This document outlines the expectations and policies for a Civics and Economics class. It provides information about the teacher's availability, core beliefs, and online resources. It describes the subject areas covered in the class and supplies needed. Class rules are outlined regarding directions, responsibility, attitudes, respect, and disturbances. Grading policies are explained, dividing grades into categories for tests, quizzes, homework and classwork. Make-up policies and exam information is also included.
This document provides an overview of key battles in the American Revolution and the hardships faced by soldiers, members of Congress, and civilians. It includes a chart summarizing who won each major battle, why they won, and the important results. The battles discussed are Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, New York, Trenton, Philadelphia, Saratoga, and Yorktown. The document also describes the harsh conditions faced by soldiers at Valley Forge and the economic challenges of inflation and profiteering faced by Congress. Friedrich von Steuben is credited with improving the effectiveness of the Continental Army through drilling. The Battle of Yorktown resulted in Cornwallis' surrender after a joint land and sea siege by American and
Basics of Supply including the Law of Supply, Supply Curves and Schedules, Determinants of Supply, and the difference between Supply and Quantity Supplied.
PowerPoint about a few key figures regarding the growth of power and influence of Christianity in Europe. Also some basic information about the Crusades.
The document summarizes the Latin American wars for independence from Spanish rule in the early 19th century. It describes growing discontent among creoles, mestizos, and mulattos under Spanish rule. It also discusses how the invasion of Spain by Napoleon inspired independence movements. Key leaders like Bolivar and San Martin led revolts across South America, while Hidalgo, Morelos, and Iturbide did so in Mexico. These revolts ultimately led to independence for nations like Mexico, Central American countries, and countries across South America. However, the new nations did not always bring desired social changes.
This document summarizes the revolutions that spread across Europe in 1830 and 1848 in response to conservative rule. In 1830, the Belgian people overthrew Dutch rule and established an independent liberal nation, while Polish nationalists rebelled against Russian, Prussian, and Austrian domination but were crushed. The revolutions of 1848 saw widespread unrest in Austria, Italy, Germany, and elsewhere as liberals and nationalists demanded constitutions, representative governments, and independence from foreign control. However, conservative forces were often able to regain control with military force and suppress revolutionary activities.
The document discusses John Brown and provides differing perspectives on whether he should be considered a terrorist or patriot. It includes quotes that describe Brown both positively and negatively, and discusses events in Kansas that influenced Brown's later violent acts against pro-slavery forces. The document also examines debates around whether violence can ever be justified against the government or for important political causes.
The document provides a summary of key events and developments in early American history from the founding of Jamestown in 1607 through the American Revolution. It discusses the establishment of the tobacco industry in Virginia, conflicts with Native Americans, the growth of slavery and the plantation system in the South, religious dissent that led to new colonies being founded, and the political and economic tensions that emerged between the colonies and Britain in the 1700s. Major events covered include the French and Indian War, responses to new British taxation like the Boston Tea Party, and the publication of Common Sense and the Declaration of Independence.
The document summarizes life in the 13 English colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries. It describes the founding and development of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. Key aspects covered include the religious motivations for different colonies, forms of government and rights that emerged, the growth of slavery, and social hierarchies that developed in colonial society.
1. The document discusses the motives and methods of European colonization in North America between the 16th and 17th centuries, including the desire for wealth, spreading Christianity, and finding a Northwest Passage to Asia. 2. It examines the establishment of key colonies like Jamestown and Plymouth, which struggled at first but grew prosperous through the introduction of cash crops like tobacco. 3. It also covers the interactions between European colonists and Native Americans like the Powhatan and Pequot tribes, which often led to conflict over land and resources.
Understanding the Transatlantic Slave Tradebowatkin
The transatlantic slave trade had complex origins from both Europe and Africa's role in the demand and supply of slaves. Portugal first imported African slaves in the 15th century for labor needs. This grew into a triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Enslaved Africans endured horrific conditions during the Middle Passage voyage where overcrowding and disease were rampant. The slave trade was eventually abolished in the early 19th century due to growing abolition movements, slave rebellions like Haiti, and laws banning the slave trade. However, the legacy of the slave trade continues to impact societies through issues like racism and unequal development.
The document provides background information on early colonial America, including:
1) The founding and struggles of the first English colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, including the "starving times" where many colonists died.
2) How tobacco became a profitable cash crop in Virginia and shaped its economy and society, leading to the use of indentured servants and later slaves.
3) The founding and development of other English colonies including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia in the 1600s-1700s.
4) Conflicts between colonists and Native Americans over land, including Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.
5) The emergence of slavery as the labor system of the
The document provides an overview of early English colonization in North America between 1590 and 1675. It summarizes the founding and development of the earliest English colonies, including Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maryland, and Virginia. Key factors discussed include religion, economics, interactions with native populations, and the motivations and social conditions that drove English expansion across the Atlantic.
The English colonies were established along the Atlantic coast for several reasons: to gain more land and resources for England, to allow religious freedom for dissenting groups, and for economic opportunities for colonists. The 13 original colonies developed diverse economies including farming, fishing, manufacturing, and cash crops like tobacco. Self-governance emerged through documents like the Mayflower Compact and representatives bodies. The colonies prospered but England instituted policies like the Navigation Acts to control trade and maximize profits for the mother country under the mercantilist system.
The document discusses the British government's interest in colonizing the New World, including establishing colonies for land, power, raw materials, and tax revenue. It describes how the British created a colonial empire through joint-stock companies and granting land to colonists. Key colonies discussed are Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims in 1620. The relationship between Britain and its colonies gradually became strained due to taxes imposed after the French and Indian War, leading to protests and the American Revolution.
The document discusses how various groups migrated to and settled in early America. It describes how Native American tribes lived in diverse communities across the land prior to European contact. It then outlines key European explorers and colonizers, including the Norse, Columbus, Cortes, Pizarro and the English. The English established colonies for religious, economic and population relief reasons. The earliest English colonies struggled but eventually thrived through the development of cash crops like tobacco and systems of land distribution. Religion played a strong role in colonial life and the Great Awakening impacted political views. The economies of the northern, middle and southern colonies differed based on their environments and trade networks.
2 trans atlantic slave trade + blackbirding 2014daviddunlop1
The document provides information about slavery and human trafficking through history and today. It begins with having students discuss what slavery and human trafficking mean to them. It then covers definitions and statistics on modern human trafficking. The majority of the document discusses the history of slavery, including its origins in Africa, the transatlantic slave trade, conditions slaves faced, and abolition efforts. It notes that 27 million people are currently enslaved globally. In the conclusion, it encourages students to research ways to raise awareness about modern slavery and human trafficking.
The document summarizes why English settlers came to America and the establishment of early English colonies. It discusses that English settlers came for economic reasons like tobacco farming and fur trading as well as to escape political and religious persecution in England. The first successful English colony was Jamestown, established in 1607, which struggled at first but was saved by the implementation of discipline, improved native relations under John Smith, and the introduction of self-governance and female settlers. Subsequent colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay were founded by religious dissenters seeking freedom to practice their faith. Other colonies like Rhode Island, Pennsylvania and Maryland were established with principles of religious tolerance and freedom.
Colonization - Early American Culture slides.pptxnataliemorgan26
The document summarizes early colonization efforts in North and South America by European powers between the 15th-18th centuries. It discusses how Spain relied on conquistadors to explore the New World for land and wealth, granting them encomiendas over indigenous peoples. It also describes how Portugal focused on sugar plantations using African slaves, and how the fur trade drove French, English, and Dutch colonization of North America. The document outlines the founding of colonies like Jamestown, Plymouth, and Massachusetts Bay, and discusses challenges faced by early settlers as well as the spread of slavery.
The document discusses the exploration and colonization of the New World by Spain and England in the 1500s-1600s. It summarizes that Spain's colonization in the 1500s was driven by desires for gold, glory, and spreading Christianity, leading Columbus to discover the Americas in 1492. England's colonization began in the 1600s after defeating Spain's Armada in 1588, with the first permanent English colony being Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. The colonies that developed had different economies, societies, and levels of religious freedom depending on their location.
The Great Awakening was a religious revival movement in the 1730s-40s that emphasized an intense personal experience of faith and challenged the authority of established churches. It divided colonial churches as some embraced the new emphasis on emotions and individual experiences of faith while others rejected this approach. The Great Awakening also had political impacts as it encouraged colonists to think independently about both religion and governance.
1 2,3,4 Europ Conquest And Colonizationbrandyberlin
Five European nations established colonies in the Americas during the early modern period: Spain, Portugal, France, Britain, and the Netherlands. Spain conquered large empires in Central and South America through conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro. Britain established colonies along the eastern seaboard for economic and religious reasons, including the Plymouth and Jamestown settlements. France focused on fur trading in Canada and adopted local customs. The colonization had massive consequences, including the deaths of most indigenous peoples from disease and violence, the introduction of crops and animals through the Columbian Exchange, and the rise of the transatlantic slave trade.
1. Europeans explored and colonized North America for reasons such as adventure, religious freedom, economic opportunities, and political freedom.
2. In 1607, the first permanent English colony in North America, Jamestown, was established, marking the founding of the first permanent English settlement in North America.
3. John Smith, the leader of Jamestown, told the colonists "work or don't eat" to encourage them to be productive. Tobacco growing brought economic success.
This is a project I made about the Colonies, feel free to use it in any classroom or presentation, it covers the colonizing to the writing of the Constitution and everything in between.
The document provides information on the settling of North America between 33,000 BC and 1783 AD. It discusses the peopling of the Americas via the Bering Land Bridge around 35,000 years ago and the emergence of many Native American tribes across the continents. It then covers the earliest European arrivals including the Vikings in 1000 AD and Columbus' voyage in 1492, which led to the Columbian Exchange and devastating diseases for Native populations. The summary discusses the founding of Jamestown in 1607 and the early struggles of the English colony along with the rise of tobacco agriculture. It also mentions the founding of Maryland for Catholics in 1634 and the spread of slavery from the West Indies to the southern colonies.
The document provides information on the settling of North America between 33,000 BC and 1783 AD. It discusses the peopling of the Americas via the Bering Land Bridge around 35,000 years ago and the emergence of many Native American tribes across the continents. It then covers the earliest European arrivals including the Vikings in 1000 AD and Columbus's voyage in 1492, which led to the Columbian Exchange and devastating diseases for Native populations. The summary focuses on the planting of the English in America between 1500-1733, including the founding of Jamestown in 1607 and the establishment of the New England colonies by the Puritans in the 1600s.
Reconstruction aimed to politically and economically rebuild the South after the Civil War. Lincoln's lenient Ten Percent Plan failed due to congressional opposition. Andrew Johnson also pursued a lenient presidential reconstruction, opposing civil rights for freedmen. Johnson vetoed the Freedman's Bureau Bill and Civil Rights Act of 1866. In response, Congress passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867, dividing the South into military districts overseen by the Union and protecting freedmen's civil rights. Southern resistance emerged through black codes, Jim Crow laws, and violent groups like the KKK. Reconstruction declined due to northern corruption, economic troubles, and the Compromise of 1877 which ended federal protection and allowed white "Redemption" in the South.
The document outlines several long-term causes that contributed to sectionalism and tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War. This included economic differences, with the North being more industrial and urban while the South relied on agriculture and slavery. Attempts at political compromises over the issue of slavery spreading to new territories, such as the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, failed to resolve the core disagreements and in some cases exacerbated tensions. Key events like the Dred Scott decision and the election of Abraham Lincoln, who opposed the expansion of slavery, increased Southern fears and led several states to secede from the Union after Lincoln's election, marking the start of the Civil War.
The document discusses the three aspects of Reconstruction - political, economic, and social rebuilding - and how they differed. It then examines Abraham Lincoln's lenient reconstruction plan, Andrew Johnson's more lenient presidential reconstruction plan, and the Radical Republican's harsher Reconstruction Act of 1867. The act divided the South into military districts and imposed requirements to rejoin the Union. However, southern resistance through black codes, Jim Crow laws, and violence like the Ku Klux Klan undermined Reconstruction. Northerners eventually lost interest due to corruption scandals and economic troubles. The disputed 1876 election was resolved by the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South.
The Economic Way of Thinking Part 1 v2.pptxMatthew Caggia
An introduction to Economics. Thinking like an economist is different than more conventional, everyday thinking. We may use the same words but use them differently, or we may use the same ideas and use different terms.
The Economic Way of Thinking Part 2 New Look.pptxMatthew Caggia
The document discusses key concepts of economic systems and economic thinking. It explains that people create economic systems to influence choices and incentives. It also discusses that people gain from voluntary trade, that people's choices have consequences for the future, and that economic thinking involves considering marginal changes. The document tests the reader's understanding of these concepts.
This document discusses the song "Strange Fruit" and its history and impact. It describes how teacher Abel Meeropol wrote the poem after seeing a photograph of a lynching, publishing it under a pseudonym. Jazz singer Billie Holiday later set it to music, performing it and bringing attention to its graphic imagery depicting lynchings in the South and condemnation of Jim Crow laws. Though initially a protest song, over time it has come to memorialize a tragic period in history, while still felt as emotionally powerful by listeners today across different genres of music that have covered the song.
The document outlines 10 principles of economics according to a chapter on the main ideas of economics. It discusses that economics studies human behavior in relation to scarcity and trade-offs between unlimited wants and limited resources. It also explains that people respond rationally by acting in their perceived best interest and considering opportunity costs when making decisions. Finally, it discusses how people interact through markets and trade, and how governments and monetary policy can impact an overall economy's production and standard of living.
The Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890 provided land grants to states to establish colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts. The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 encouraged the building of the transcontinental railroad, which was completed in 1869 at Promontory Point, Utah. The Homestead Act and new technologies like the windmill, seed drill, and barbed wire encouraged western expansion by making farming on the Great Plains possible. The Morrill Acts established land grant colleges that still educate farmers today.
6 important events of the Civil War. Many would argue that there are many more important events or there are others that may be more important - and could not disagree - but these events get to t he heart of what we need to know for the EOC.
The document outlines both long term and immediate causes of the Civil War, including the key differences between the economies and views on slavery in the North and South regions, several attempts at political compromises over the issue of slavery and new western territories in the 1820 Missouri Compromise, 1850 Compromise, and 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act, the violence in "Bleeding Kansas" as both sides fought over the slavery issue in the new state, the 1857 Dred Scott Supreme Court decision denying black citizenship and Congress's right to regulate slavery, and Lincoln's election in 1860 which caused southern states to begin seceding from the Union out of fears he would end slavery.
Supreme Court Cases - For Florida US HistoryMatthew Caggia
The quickest of reviews of the main ideas regarding 10 Supreme Court Cases to prepare, last minute, for the Florida, US History, End of Course (EOC) Exam.
1. Businesses need labor as both a factor of production and to create demand from workers' wages.
2. Labor unions aim to improve wages and conditions for workers by giving them more negotiating power collectively than as individuals. They operate at local, national, and international levels.
3. Collective bargaining involves negotiation between union and management representatives to reach a compromise agreement, and may include mediation or arbitration if negotiation fails. Both sides use various tactics like strikes or lockouts to achieve their goals during disputes.
The Holocaust began in 1933 with the establishment of Dachau concentration camp and the Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses. Over the next several years, the Nazi regime passed numerous anti-Jewish laws that stripped Jews of their rights and freedoms. Events like the book burnings of 1933 and Kristallnacht pogrom in 1938 increased the persecution of Jews. The Wannsee Conference in 1942 formalized the "Final Solution" which systematized the genocide of European Jews through ghettos, concentration camps, forced labor camps, transit camps, and killing centers.
Introduction to Demand and the difference between Demand and Quantity Demanded. Including the impact prices have on Quantity and the Determinants of Demand.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
2. Portugal
Prince Henry
Established a route to
India
World leader
Spain
Gold, Glory, and God
Christopher Columbus
looking for the East
Indies
“I have been very attentive and have tried
very hard to find out if there is any
gold here.”
“In every place I have entered, islands or
land, I have always planted a cross.”
-Christopher Columbus
3. France
Fish, Forest, and Furs
Economic motives
England
Resources
Business of colonization
Settlement
4. Exploration starts a global exchange and migration
-Based on the voyages of Columbus and those after
him
-Western hemisphere Eastern hemisphere
-Includes plants, animals, disease, technology
More food causes an explosion of population
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-columbian-
exchange-and-the-triangle-trade.html
5.
6. Spanish monarchs
granted conquistadors
encomiendas, or the
right to demand forced
labor from Native
Americans.
Bartolome de Las Casas
(priest) spoke out against
the encomienda system
-slaves now introduced
7. What Is Mercantilism?
Economic theory that a country should sell more
goods to other countries than it buys
8. 5 Parts to Mercantilism
1. Try to get possession of as many precious metals as you
can.
2. Encourage foreign trade in preference to domestic
trade (export more).
3. Encourage those industries which change raw materials
into exportable finished products.
4. Encourage a large population, for you will need
workmen for your factories and an agricultural
community does not raise enough workmen.
5. Let the State (the government) watch this process and
interfere ONLY when it is necessary to do so.
10. Role of Colonies
colonies existed to benefit the mother country
source of resources exported from the colonies to the
mother country
resources are made into finished products and sold to
other nations or back to the colonies (market for
manufactured goods)
strict laws were frequently passed by the mother country
to ensure that no one was cheating them out of money
foreign trade by the colonies was often prohibited
11. First permanent English settlement
was in Jamestown, VA in 1607
colony made money by cultivating
tobacco
Pilgrims landed in Plymouth, MA in
1620
escaped persecution of church
signed Mayflower Compact (direct
democracy)
Puritans settled Massachusetts Bay
“City upon a hill” ideal
Church and state overlap
Dissenters: Roger Williams and Anne
Hutchinson
12. 1. What factors contributed to the near failure of
Jamestown?
2. Why was tobacco so important to the Jamestown
colony?
3. How did the conditions of indentured servitude
differ from those of the headright system?
4. What factors led to the importation of African slaves
to Virginia?
5. Why were the colonists in conflict with the
Powhatan?
13. 1. What factors contributed to the near failure of
Jamestown?
Disease, unwillingness to work, and the hostile
conditions of the Powhatan
14. 2. Why was tobacco so important to the Jamestown
colony?
Tobacco became very popular in Europe and proved
to be a highly profitable crop
Cash Crop
15. 3. How did the conditions of indentured servitude
differ from those of the headright system?
The headright system allowed settlers to purchase
their own land.
Indentured servants worked for a landowner for a
limited period of time, usually four to seven years.
They could be bought and sold by landowners until
their debt was paid off
16. 4. What factors led to the importation of African slaves
to Virginia?
As the number of indentured servants in the colony
declined, colonists needed laborers to work their
tobacco plantations.
An increase in wealth enabled them to pay for more
expensive African slaves.
17. 5. Why were the colonists in conflict with the
Powhatan?
Settlers, still angry from Powhatan treatment during
the “starving time,” began demanding tribute.
Colonists kept moving further and further into
Powhatan territory.
18. 1. How were the Separatists different from other
Puritans?
2. Why did the Puritans leave England?
3. Who could vote in the Massachusetts Bay colony?
4. What two principles did Providence guarantee that
Massachusetts Bay did not?
5. How did Native Americans view land treaties?
19. 1. How were the Separatists different from other
Puritans?
Separatists wanted to separate from the Anglican
Church (the state church of England.
Other Puritans wanted only to reform the Anglican
Church from within
20. 2. Why did the Puritans leave England?
Some Puritans, such as the “Pilgrims” left to break
with the church of England.
Other Puritans left to escape political, social, and
economic turmoil.
21. 3. Who could vote in the Massachusetts Bay colony?
Stockholders in the Massachusetts Bay Company and
all adult males who belonged to the Puritan Church
22. 4. What two principles did Providence guarantee that
Massachusetts Bay did not?
Separation of Church and State
Religious Freedom
23. 5. How did Native Americans view land treaties?
Native Americans believed that land treaties were
agreements to share not own the land, and for a
limited period of time.
24. No country could trade with the colonies unless the
goods were shipped in either colonial or English
ships
All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at
least three-quarters English or colonial
The colonies could export certain products only to
England
Almost all goods traded between the colonies and
Europe first had to pass through an English port.
25. 1. Why did Parliament pass the Navigation Acts?
To tighten England’s control over colonial trade
To protect against competition
To increase England’s wealth
26. 2. How did these Acts benefit England?
Increased England’s wealth by creating and
protecting jobs for English citizens
Protected English access to certain colonial goods
27. 3. How did these Acts benefit the colonies?
Spurred a boom in the ship-building industry
Led England to support colonial industries
28. 4. How did the Acts hurt the colonies?
Restricted trade
29. The Quakers
Religious group led by
William Penn settle in
Pennsylvania.
Quakers were pacifists and
practiced freedom of
religion.
Believed the land
belonged to the Natives
Wanted Natives to be
treated fairly (court)
For 50 years, PA had no
major conflicts with
Natives
30. Looking at the map, why
do you think the
Puritans waged war on
the Pequots?
The Pequot War (1637)
Block
Island
31. The Pequot War (1637)
a white trader, Indian-kidnapper, trouble maker was
killed giving settlers an excuse to attack Natives
Looking to avoid battle, colonists sought to terrorize
Native-Americans by killing noncombatants (women
and children)
The Pequots were all but annihilated (and the
Narragansetts on Block Island)
33. After 40 years of increased
restrictions, Metacom
(King Philip) united tribes
against the colonists
Learning from the Pequot
War, King Philip attacked
noncombatants as did the
colonists
Food shortage, disease, and
heavy casualties brought
the end of these Native
forces and Native power in
southeast New England
was gone
King Philip’s War (1675-
76)
34. Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Begins as a conflict between Virginia settlers on their
western frontier and the Doeg and Susquehannock
Indians
Ultimately it became a political battle between the
elite upper class, supported by Governor Berkley and
the poor farmers, indentured servants, freemen, and
slaves led by Nathaniel Bacon
Bacon would lead his forces against Jamestown
running Berkley off who would return 1 month later
after Bacon dies.
35. Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Berkley would be recalled to London to answer to the
king for his failed policies
Ultimately losing, Bacon is sometimes considered
“The Torchbearer of the Revolution”
the first struggle of common man v aristocrat
frontier v tidewater
defiance of a duly constituted authority
This would be the same type of defiance that would
spark the American Revolution 100 years later!
36. First leg: merchant ships brought European goods to
Africa
Middle Passage: European goods were traded for slaves
and slaves were transported to the Americas
Final Leg: Merchants sent goods to Europe to be
manufactured
Triangular trade was very profitable
37.
38. Africans were kidnapped from their villages
-tied together and forced to walk to port cities
Once on the ships they were restrained below deck
-disease, starvation, and suicide common
-called floating coffins
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/30011
-assignment-discovery-the-middle-passage-video.
htm
39. Slave trade brought wealth and
labor to the Americas
African states were torn apart
and lives were cut short or
forever brutalized
At the peak of the slave trade
(1780s) 80,000 slaves were
traded a year!
40. Look at this picture and tell
me how it makes you feel.
Imagine if you had to be in
this situation.