The document discusses the establishment of European colonies in the Americas, focusing on the motivations of Spain, France, and England, primarily driven by economic gain and the search for resources. It highlights key historical events such as Columbus's voyages, the Columbian Exchange, and the rise of the plantation economy dependent on enslaved labor. Additionally, it addresses conflicts between colonists and Native Americans, the impact of mercantilism, and the social and political dynamics within the colonies, including Bacon's Rebellion and the role of Quakers in Pennsylvania.

1. American History I

2. Portugal
Prince Henry
Established a route to
India
World leader
Spain
Gold, Glory, and God
Christopher Columbus
looking for the East
Indies
“I have been very attentive and have tried
very hard to find out if there is any
gold here.”
“In every place I have entered, islands or
land, I have always planted a cross.”
-Christopher Columbus

3. France
Fish, Forest, and Furs
Economic motives
England
Resources
Business of colonization
Settlement

4. Exploration starts a global exchange and migration
-Based on the voyages of Columbus and those after
him
-Western hemisphere  Eastern hemisphere
-Includes plants, animals, disease, technology
More food causes an explosion of population
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-columbian-
exchange-and-the-triangle-trade.html

6. Spanish monarchs
granted conquistadors
encomiendas, or the
right to demand forced
labor from Native
Americans.
Bartolome de Las Casas
(priest) spoke out against
the encomienda system
-slaves now introduced

7. What Is Mercantilism?
Economic theory that a country should sell more
goods to other countries than it buys

8. 5 Parts to Mercantilism
1. Try to get possession of as many precious metals as you
can.
2. Encourage foreign trade in preference to domestic
trade (export more).
3. Encourage those industries which change raw materials
into exportable finished products.
4. Encourage a large population, for you will need
workmen for your factories and an agricultural
community does not raise enough workmen.
5. Let the State (the government) watch this process and
interfere ONLY when it is necessary to do so.

9. The Underlying Assumption
More Money More Armies Rule the World

10. Role of Colonies
colonies existed to benefit the mother country
source of resources exported from the colonies to the
mother country
resources are made into finished products and sold to
other nations or back to the colonies (market for
manufactured goods)
strict laws were frequently passed by the mother country
to ensure that no one was cheating them out of money
foreign trade by the colonies was often prohibited

11. First permanent English settlement
was in Jamestown, VA in 1607
colony made money by cultivating
tobacco
Pilgrims landed in Plymouth, MA in
1620
escaped persecution of church
signed Mayflower Compact (direct
democracy)
Puritans settled Massachusetts Bay
“City upon a hill” ideal
Church and state overlap
Dissenters: Roger Williams and Anne
Hutchinson

12. 1. What factors contributed to the near failure of
Jamestown?
2. Why was tobacco so important to the Jamestown
colony?
3. How did the conditions of indentured servitude
differ from those of the headright system?
4. What factors led to the importation of African slaves
to Virginia?
5. Why were the colonists in conflict with the
Powhatan?

13. 1. What factors contributed to the near failure of
Jamestown?
Disease, unwillingness to work, and the hostile
conditions of the Powhatan

14. 2. Why was tobacco so important to the Jamestown
colony?
Tobacco became very popular in Europe and proved
to be a highly profitable crop
Cash Crop

15. 3. How did the conditions of indentured servitude
differ from those of the headright system?
The headright system allowed settlers to purchase
their own land.
Indentured servants worked for a landowner for a
limited period of time, usually four to seven years.
They could be bought and sold by landowners until
their debt was paid off

16. 4. What factors led to the importation of African slaves
to Virginia?
As the number of indentured servants in the colony
declined, colonists needed laborers to work their
tobacco plantations.
An increase in wealth enabled them to pay for more
expensive African slaves.

17. 5. Why were the colonists in conflict with the
Powhatan?
Settlers, still angry from Powhatan treatment during
the “starving time,” began demanding tribute.
Colonists kept moving further and further into
Powhatan territory.

18. 1. How were the Separatists different from other
Puritans?
2. Why did the Puritans leave England?
3. Who could vote in the Massachusetts Bay colony?
4. What two principles did Providence guarantee that
Massachusetts Bay did not?
5. How did Native Americans view land treaties?

19. 1. How were the Separatists different from other
Puritans?
Separatists wanted to separate from the Anglican
Church (the state church of England.
Other Puritans wanted only to reform the Anglican
Church from within

20. 2. Why did the Puritans leave England?
Some Puritans, such as the “Pilgrims” left to break
with the church of England.
Other Puritans left to escape political, social, and
economic turmoil.

21. 3. Who could vote in the Massachusetts Bay colony?
Stockholders in the Massachusetts Bay Company and
all adult males who belonged to the Puritan Church

22. 4. What two principles did Providence guarantee that
Massachusetts Bay did not?
Separation of Church and State
Religious Freedom

23. 5. How did Native Americans view land treaties?
Native Americans believed that land treaties were
agreements to share not own the land, and for a
limited period of time.

24. No country could trade with the colonies unless the
goods were shipped in either colonial or English
ships
All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at
least three-quarters English or colonial
The colonies could export certain products only to
England
Almost all goods traded between the colonies and
Europe first had to pass through an English port.

25. 1. Why did Parliament pass the Navigation Acts?
To tighten England’s control over colonial trade
To protect against competition
To increase England’s wealth

26. 2. How did these Acts benefit England?
Increased England’s wealth by creating and
protecting jobs for English citizens
Protected English access to certain colonial goods

27. 3. How did these Acts benefit the colonies?
Spurred a boom in the ship-building industry
Led England to support colonial industries

28. 4. How did the Acts hurt the colonies?
Restricted trade

29. The Quakers
Religious group led by
William Penn settle in
Pennsylvania.
Quakers were pacifists and
practiced freedom of
religion.
Believed the land
belonged to the Natives
Wanted Natives to be
treated fairly (court)
For 50 years, PA had no
major conflicts with
Natives

30. Looking at the map, why
do you think the
Puritans waged war on
the Pequots?
The Pequot War (1637)
Block
Island

31. The Pequot War (1637)
a white trader, Indian-kidnapper, trouble maker was
killed giving settlers an excuse to attack Natives
Looking to avoid battle, colonists sought to terrorize
Native-Americans by killing noncombatants (women
and children)
The Pequots were all but annihilated (and the
Narragansetts on Block Island)

32. King Philip’s War (1675-76)

33. After 40 years of increased
restrictions, Metacom
(King Philip) united tribes
against the colonists
Learning from the Pequot
War, King Philip attacked
noncombatants as did the
colonists
Food shortage, disease, and
heavy casualties brought
the end of these Native
forces and Native power in
southeast New England
was gone
King Philip’s War (1675-
76)

34. Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Begins as a conflict between Virginia settlers on their
western frontier and the Doeg and Susquehannock
Indians
Ultimately it became a political battle between the
elite upper class, supported by Governor Berkley and
the poor farmers, indentured servants, freemen, and
slaves led by Nathaniel Bacon
Bacon would lead his forces against Jamestown
running Berkley off who would return 1 month later
after Bacon dies.

35. Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Berkley would be recalled to London to answer to the
king for his failed policies
Ultimately losing, Bacon is sometimes considered
“The Torchbearer of the Revolution”
the first struggle of common man v aristocrat
frontier v tidewater
defiance of a duly constituted authority
This would be the same type of defiance that would
spark the American Revolution 100 years later!

36. First leg: merchant ships brought European goods to
Africa
Middle Passage: European goods were traded for slaves
and slaves were transported to the Americas
Final Leg: Merchants sent goods to Europe to be
manufactured
Triangular trade was very profitable

38. Africans were kidnapped from their villages
-tied together and forced to walk to port cities
Once on the ships they were restrained below deck
-disease, starvation, and suicide common
-called floating coffins
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/30011
-assignment-discovery-the-middle-passage-video.
htm

39. Slave trade brought wealth and
labor to the Americas
African states were torn apart
and lives were cut short or
forever brutalized
At the peak of the slave trade
(1780s) 80,000 slaves were
traded a year!

40. Look at this picture and tell
me how it makes you feel.
Imagine if you had to be in
this situation.