1. The French Colonies of North America Hist 140 Theme 4 Summer 2011 By: Le Thi My Ho

2. 16th Century English, French, and Dutch mariners crossed the Atlantic Ocean to the New World which is safer to search and claim new colonies, trade riches, a better life Because of long winters and short growing seasons, the northern lands of North America could not produce the tropical crops The French needed; making it a useless land Later discovered through trading with the natives around St. Lawrence Valley (Canada) about two profitable commodities that made northern colonization possible: fish and furs The French and Indians were exchanging friendship gifts which initiated the idea of trading The French were exchanging metals, guns, knives, kettles, cloth, and alcohol in return the Indians gave them food and pelts from the animals they hunted - it became a mutual “dependency” With the introduction to firearms, it revolutionized Indian warfare, became a threat to the French and Europeans American Colonies 5 – Canada and Iroquoia

4. Fur trade brought tension, competition, and violence within the Iroquois

5. The Northern traders needed the Indians as allies and hunters so they can secure the fur trade

6. The French settled between Quebec and Montreal which is known as St. Lawrence Valley and called it New France and allied with the northern Algonquians, Micmac, Montagnais, Algonkin, and later the Hurons (who broke away from their fellow Iroquoians); not knowing that the Five Nation Iroquois were going to be their dangerous enemies

7. 1609 Battle – Samuel de Champlain and two French Musketeers helped their Indian allies defeat Iroquois WarriorsAmerican Colonies 5 – Canada and Iroquoia

8. Since the 1500s, Fur Trading Industry was one of the earliest major booming industries developing the U.S. and Canada A great demand for beaver, fox, mink, otter, marten, bear furs among the Europeans Resulted more explorer coming to the New World The Indians hunted, skinned, and treated the animal fur for fur trade Knowing that the furs are in high demands, the Indians wanted high prices for their furs so they could reduce their work Natives appreciated the strength and cutting edge of metal arrowheads, hatchets, axes, and knives American Colonies 5 – Canada and Iroquoia

9. The Jesuit Priests were devoted to their god and faith and did whatever they can to protect their own kinds and beliefs Conflicts between the Christian converts and those against Christianity within the Huron’s tribe 1640 Iroquois launched an attack to the Huron Settlements, with a motive to destroy the Huron fur expeditions The campaign of 1648-1649 destroyed the Huron nations American Colonies 5 – Canada and Iroquoia

10. As the British colonies grew in numbers, power, and ambition, the French increasingly looked to the Indians to protect Canada Majority of the French emigrants came from northern and western France seaports Canada wasn’t what the French emigrants thought it to be The French Crown encouraged emigrations by paying for their transatlantic passages Until 1663 Canada was the property of the fur trading company of New France American Colonies 16 – French America

11. Frenchman Sieur de La Salle while sailing down the Mississippi River discovered Louisiana King Louis XIV claimed the new territory The French colonies of New France and Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico, sweeping around British America, confined to the Atlantic seaboard east of the Appalachian mountains Trade was their main focus American Colonies 16 – French America

12. The French sent additional expeditions, both south from Canada and by sea from France, to occupy Louisiana Louisiana was divided Indians Settlers The French wished to stabilize the native peoples to serve as enduring allies defending the margins of their colony and keeping the English at a safe distance Determined to compete with the Carolina traders, the French in Louisiana flattered the Indians with trade goods, especially firearms American Colonies 16 – French America

14. To reconcile and demonstrate the wages of peace to the Choctaw and Chickasaw natives, who shared the land east of the Mississippi and north of the Gulf, Iberville generously gave presents of guns, powder, shot, axes, knives, kettles, and beads in equal quantities to both delegations

15. 1717 – 1730 - Company of the Indies transported 5,400 European colonists and 6,000 African Slaves to Louisiana

16. As the English colonists grew even more numerous, prosperous, and confident, they developed their white racial solidarity and popular government, which compounded the insecurity of the French officialsAmerican Colonies 16 – Louisiana French America