This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then summarizes European exploration of the Americas beginning in the late 15th century led by Portugal and Spain, followed by England, France, and other nations in the 16th-17th centuries. Finally, it outlines the establishment and development of the original 13 British colonies in North America from the early 1600s through the American Revolutionary War in the late 1700s.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then contrasts Native Americans with early Europeans, noting Native Americans had less dense populations and no wheels, ships, or large domesticated animals. The document goes on to summarize European exploration of North America starting in the 15th century with Prince Henry, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama, leading up to early colonial settlements by Spain, Portugal, England, France, and the Netherlands. It concludes by outlining the growth of the Thirteen Colonies and events leading up to the American Revolutionary War.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then contrasts Native Americans with early Europeans, noting Native Americans had less dense populations and no wheels, ships, or large domesticated animals. The document goes on to summarize European exploration of North America beginning in the 15th century, including early colonization efforts by Spain, Portugal, France and England. It details the establishment of the original 13 colonies and their systems of government. Finally, it outlines key events of the American Revolutionary War, from the Intolerable Acts through the Treaty of Paris.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then contrasts Native Americans with early Europeans, noting Native Americans had less dense populations and no wheels, ships, or large domesticated animals. The document goes on to summarize European exploration of North America beginning in the 15th century, including early colonization efforts by Spain, Portugal, France and England. It details the establishment of the original 13 colonies and their systems of government, relations with Native Americans, slavery, and conflicts leading up to the American Revolution.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then contrasts Native Americans with early Europeans, noting Native Americans had less dense populations and no wheels or large ships. The document goes on to summarize European exploration of the Americas starting in the 15th century with Portugal, Spain, England and France. It discusses early English colonies like Jamestown and the development of the Southern colonies through the 1700s.
The document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization in North America from the 15th century through the early 18th century. It discusses early Native American groups, key European explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier, the establishment of colonies by various European powers, including struggles over land and relations with native populations, the growth of the slave trade, and increasing tensions between the British Crown and the colonies over taxation and autonomy. Major topics, people, and events are covered in comprehensive detail across multiple pages of text.
This document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization in North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier and the establishment of colonies by various European powers. It then focuses on the English colonies, covering the founding of Jamestown and Plymouth, the development of different colony models, conflicts with Native Americans, the growth of slavery, and increasing tensions with Britain over taxation and governance that ultimately led to the American Revolutionary War.
The document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization in North America from the 15th century through the early 18th century. It discusses early Native American groups, key European explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier, the establishment of colonies by various European powers, including struggles over land and relations with native populations, the growth of the slave trade, and increasing tensions between the British Crown and the colonies over taxation and autonomy. Major topics, people, and events are covered in comprehensive detail across multiple pages of text.
This document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization in North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier and the establishment of colonies by various European powers. It then focuses on the English colonies, covering the founding of Jamestown and Plymouth, the development of different colony models, conflicts with Native Americans, the growth of slavery, and increasing tensions with Britain over taxation and governance that ultimately led to the American Revolutionary War.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then contrasts Native Americans with early Europeans, noting Native Americans had less dense populations and no wheels, ships, or large domesticated animals. The document goes on to summarize European exploration of North America starting in the 15th century with Prince Henry, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama, leading up to early colonial settlements by Spain, Portugal, England, France, and the Netherlands. It concludes by outlining the growth of the Thirteen Colonies and events leading up to the American Revolutionary War.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then contrasts Native Americans with early Europeans, noting Native Americans had less dense populations and no wheels, ships, or large domesticated animals. The document goes on to summarize European exploration of North America beginning in the 15th century, including early colonization efforts by Spain, Portugal, France and England. It details the establishment of the original 13 colonies and their systems of government. Finally, it outlines key events of the American Revolutionary War, from the Intolerable Acts through the Treaty of Paris.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then contrasts Native Americans with early Europeans, noting Native Americans had less dense populations and no wheels, ships, or large domesticated animals. The document goes on to summarize European exploration of North America beginning in the 15th century, including early colonization efforts by Spain, Portugal, France and England. It details the establishment of the original 13 colonies and their systems of government, relations with Native Americans, slavery, and conflicts leading up to the American Revolution.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then contrasts Native Americans with early Europeans, noting Native Americans had less dense populations and no wheels or large ships. The document goes on to summarize European exploration of the Americas starting in the 15th century with Portugal, Spain, England and France. It discusses early English colonies like Jamestown and the development of the Southern colonies through the 1700s.
The document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization in North America from the 15th century through the early 18th century. It discusses early Native American groups, key European explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier, the establishment of colonies by various European powers, including struggles over land and relations with native populations, the growth of the slave trade, and increasing tensions between the British Crown and the colonies over taxation and autonomy. Major topics, people, and events are covered in comprehensive detail across multiple pages of text.
This document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization in North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier and the establishment of colonies by various European powers. It then focuses on the English colonies, covering the founding of Jamestown and Plymouth, the development of different colony models, conflicts with Native Americans, the growth of slavery, and increasing tensions with Britain over taxation and governance that ultimately led to the American Revolutionary War.
The document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization in North America from the 15th century through the early 18th century. It discusses early Native American groups, key European explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier, the establishment of colonies by various European powers, including struggles over land and relations with native populations, the growth of the slave trade, and increasing tensions between the British Crown and the colonies over taxation and autonomy. Major topics, people, and events are covered in comprehensive detail across multiple pages of text.
This document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization in North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier and the establishment of colonies by various European powers. It then focuses on the English colonies, covering the founding of Jamestown and Plymouth, the development of different colony models, conflicts with Native Americans, the growth of slavery, and increasing tensions with Britain over taxation and governance that ultimately led to the American Revolutionary War.
This document provides a broad overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the Norse voyages in the 10th century through the establishment of the United States in the late 18th century. It touches on many of the key events, people, and developments over this period, including early explorers like Columbus, the establishment of colonies by various European powers, the growth of the slave trade, conflicts between the colonists and Native Americans, the French and Indian War, the American Revolution and independence movement, and the challenges faced under the Articles of Confederation.
This document provides a broad overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the Norse voyages in the 10th century through the establishment of the United States government under the Articles of Confederation in the late 18th century. It touches on key explorers, colonies, events, institutions, and conflicts. The document is organized chronologically and covers a wide range of people and developments across North America over many centuries.
This document provides a broad overview of the history of the discovery and colonization of North America from the Norse exploration in the 10th century through the events leading up to the American Revolution in the late 18th century. It touches on key explorers and colonies, including Columbus, the Spanish conquistadors, French and English settlements in North America, the development of the 13 colonies, slavery and the triangular trade, religious movements like the Great Awakening, and conflicts between the British and French for control of North America culminating in the French and Indian War and increased tensions between the colonies and Britain.
This document provides an overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier and the establishment of colonies by Spain, Portugal, France, the Netherlands, and England. Key events covered include the founding of Jamestown and Plymouth, the growth of the slave trade, and conflicts between the French and English for control of North America. The document concludes with a summary of the tensions between the British and the colonies in the 1760s-1770s that led to the American Revolutionary War.
This document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early Native American groups, key explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier, the establishment of colonies by various European powers, the growth of slavery, and increasing tensions between the British colonies and the crown, culminating in the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. Key events and developments that led the colonies toward independence are summarized, such as the various taxation acts by Britain and colonial resistance through the Stamp Act Congress and the Sons of Liberty.
This document provides an overview of the history of European exploration and colonization in North America from the 15th century through the 1760s. It discusses early explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier. It then summarizes the establishment of the 13 colonies by several European powers and the development of distinct colonial societies in New England, the Chesapeake region, and elsewhere. The document also outlines the conflicts between the colonies and Native American groups as well as the escalating tensions between the British colonies and the French in North America leading up to the French and Indian War.
This document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early Native American groups, key European explorers who established trade routes and claimed territories for their nations, the founding and development of the original 13 colonies, conflicts between the colonies and Native Americans, the establishment of slavery, and escalating tensions between the colonies and Britain that ultimately led to the American Revolutionary War.
This document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early Native American groups, key explorers like Columbus and Cabot, the establishment of colonies by various European powers, the growth of slavery, conflicts between colonists and Native Americans, religious and political developments in the colonies, the French and Indian War, tensions rising between the British and colonists leading to the American Revolution. Key events and people throughout this history are named.
The document summarizes the settlement of the Northern colonies by Puritans in the 17th century. It describes the origins and beliefs of Puritanism stemming from the Protestant Reformation. Puritans established colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to practice their religion freely. However, religious dissenters like Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams were banished for their radical beliefs. Tensions also arose with local Native American tribes, leading to conflicts like the Pequot War. By the 1630s, the Puritan colonies of New England were established.
This document provides an overview of the colonization of the New World by England between the 1500s-1700s. It discusses the founding of the first English colonies in North America, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke and Jamestown. It also covers the establishment of other colonies like Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, the Carolinas and Georgia by different religious groups fleeing persecution in England. The document outlines the shift to slavery and cash crops like tobacco in the southern colonies as well as tensions with Native Americans that led to events like Bacon's Rebellion and King Philip's War. Overall it summarizes the major economic, political and social developments during the early colonial period in North America.
This document summarizes the history of European imperialism from the 15th to early 20th centuries. It describes two periods of imperialism: the early period from 1500-1800 when Europeans established trading outposts and colonies in Asia, Africa and the Americas with limited control. The later period from 1870-1914 saw more aggressive imperial expansion by European powers, Japan, and the US into Asia and Africa. Motivations included economic, political and social factors like acquiring resources, establishing global empires, and spreading Christianity. Many regions of Asia and Africa were colonized during this era.
Chapter 3 settling the northern colonieskellycrowell
The document summarizes the settlement of the northern colonies, including the founding of Plymouth colony by the Pilgrims, the establishment of Massachusetts Bay colony by Puritans seeking religious freedom, and the spread of Puritan ideals of self-governance and a strict moral code. It also discusses the founding of Rhode Island by Roger Williams based on complete religious toleration, as well as the growth of Connecticut and conflicts with Native Americans. The middle colonies including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware saw more religious and ethnic diversity compared to New England.
The document discusses the exploration and expansion of Western Europe during the 1400s and 1500s. Driven by desires for wealth, glory, and spreading religion, European explorers utilized new ship and navigation technologies to sail to previously unknown lands. Major European powers like England, France, the Netherlands, and Portugal established colonies in lands they explored and conquered, often violently subjugating indigenous peoples. This led to new patterns of global trade, the exchange of goods and diseases between Europe, Africa and the Americas, and the rise of capitalism and economic systems like mercantilism. It also discusses the horrific Atlantic slave trade that captured and sold millions of Africans as slaves to work plantations in the Americas between the 1500s and 1800
The two documents summarize the political, economic, and social impacts of the slave trade on three West African kingdoms - Benin, Kongo, and Asante - from the 15th to 19th centuries. Initially, the slave trade increased the power of rulers by providing guns and wealth, but over time it led to civil wars, corruption, and the decline and fall of the kingdoms as European influence grew and the slave trade disrupted traditional power structures.
The document summarizes Western expansion in the mid-19th century United States. It discusses key events like the annexation of Texas, Oregon Territory, and Mexican Cession that expanded U.S. territory westward. It also describes cultural clashes as European, Mexican, African American, Chinese, and Native American groups interacted in the expanding West. Ranching, farming, mining, and the transcontinental railroad transformed the economy and society of the Western territories during this period of rapid growth and conflict. Farmers organized cooperatives and the Populist movement in response to economic difficulties in the late 1800s.
The document provides information about the Age of Exploration in Europe. It discusses key terms like Prince Henry the Navigator and Christopher Columbus. It explains that [1] Prince Henry promoted Portuguese exploration down the west coast of Africa through funding expeditions. Technological advancements like the caravel ship and astrolabe enabled more extensive exploration. [2] Europeans wanted to find a direct trade route to Asia to access valuable spices instead of the expensive overland route. Explorers like Columbus and da Gama sought new trade routes and lands, opening the way for European colonization of the Americas and trade with Asia.
European explorers launched voyages of discovery during the 15th and 16th centuries, driven by desires for wealth, glory and spreading faith. Portugal, led by Prince Henry, pioneered exploration down the coast of Africa hoping to find a sea route to India. Key explorers included da Gama, who reached India, and Columbus, who reached the Americas while seeking Asia but landed in a new continent. Magellan later became the first to circumnavigate the globe. Other European nations like England, France and the Netherlands later joined exploration seeking wealth and glory through finding routes to Asia.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then summarizes European exploration of the Americas beginning in the late 15th century led by Portugal and Spain, followed by England, France, and other nations in the 16th-17th centuries. Finally, it outlines the establishment and development of the original 13 British colonies in North America from the early 1600s through the American Revolutionary War in the late 1700s.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then summarizes European exploration of the Americas beginning in the late 15th century led by Portugal and Spain, followed by England, France, and other nations in the 16th-17th centuries. Finally, it outlines the establishment and development of the original 13 British colonies in North America from the early 1600s through the American Revolutionary War in the late 1700s.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then summarizes European exploration of the Americas beginning in the late 15th century led by Portugal and Spain, followed by England, France, and other nations in the 16th-17th centuries. Finally, it outlines the establishment and development of the original 13 British colonies in North America from the early 1600s through the American Revolutionary War in the late 1700s.
This document provides a broad overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the Norse voyages in the 10th century through the establishment of the United States in the late 18th century. It touches on many of the key events, people, and developments over this period, including early explorers like Columbus, the establishment of colonies by various European powers, the growth of the slave trade, conflicts between the colonists and Native Americans, the French and Indian War, the American Revolution and independence movement, and the challenges faced under the Articles of Confederation.
This document provides a broad overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the Norse voyages in the 10th century through the establishment of the United States government under the Articles of Confederation in the late 18th century. It touches on key explorers, colonies, events, institutions, and conflicts. The document is organized chronologically and covers a wide range of people and developments across North America over many centuries.
This document provides a broad overview of the history of the discovery and colonization of North America from the Norse exploration in the 10th century through the events leading up to the American Revolution in the late 18th century. It touches on key explorers and colonies, including Columbus, the Spanish conquistadors, French and English settlements in North America, the development of the 13 colonies, slavery and the triangular trade, religious movements like the Great Awakening, and conflicts between the British and French for control of North America culminating in the French and Indian War and increased tensions between the colonies and Britain.
This document provides an overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier and the establishment of colonies by Spain, Portugal, France, the Netherlands, and England. Key events covered include the founding of Jamestown and Plymouth, the growth of the slave trade, and conflicts between the French and English for control of North America. The document concludes with a summary of the tensions between the British and the colonies in the 1760s-1770s that led to the American Revolutionary War.
This document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early Native American groups, key explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier, the establishment of colonies by various European powers, the growth of slavery, and increasing tensions between the British colonies and the crown, culminating in the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. Key events and developments that led the colonies toward independence are summarized, such as the various taxation acts by Britain and colonial resistance through the Stamp Act Congress and the Sons of Liberty.
This document provides an overview of the history of European exploration and colonization in North America from the 15th century through the 1760s. It discusses early explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and Cartier. It then summarizes the establishment of the 13 colonies by several European powers and the development of distinct colonial societies in New England, the Chesapeake region, and elsewhere. The document also outlines the conflicts between the colonies and Native American groups as well as the escalating tensions between the British colonies and the French in North America leading up to the French and Indian War.
This document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early Native American groups, key European explorers who established trade routes and claimed territories for their nations, the founding and development of the original 13 colonies, conflicts between the colonies and Native Americans, the establishment of slavery, and escalating tensions between the colonies and Britain that ultimately led to the American Revolutionary War.
This document provides a detailed overview of the history of European exploration and colonization of North America from the 15th century through the 1770s. It discusses early Native American groups, key explorers like Columbus and Cabot, the establishment of colonies by various European powers, the growth of slavery, conflicts between colonists and Native Americans, religious and political developments in the colonies, the French and Indian War, tensions rising between the British and colonists leading to the American Revolution. Key events and people throughout this history are named.
The document summarizes the settlement of the Northern colonies by Puritans in the 17th century. It describes the origins and beliefs of Puritanism stemming from the Protestant Reformation. Puritans established colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to practice their religion freely. However, religious dissenters like Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams were banished for their radical beliefs. Tensions also arose with local Native American tribes, leading to conflicts like the Pequot War. By the 1630s, the Puritan colonies of New England were established.
This document provides an overview of the colonization of the New World by England between the 1500s-1700s. It discusses the founding of the first English colonies in North America, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke and Jamestown. It also covers the establishment of other colonies like Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, the Carolinas and Georgia by different religious groups fleeing persecution in England. The document outlines the shift to slavery and cash crops like tobacco in the southern colonies as well as tensions with Native Americans that led to events like Bacon's Rebellion and King Philip's War. Overall it summarizes the major economic, political and social developments during the early colonial period in North America.
This document summarizes the history of European imperialism from the 15th to early 20th centuries. It describes two periods of imperialism: the early period from 1500-1800 when Europeans established trading outposts and colonies in Asia, Africa and the Americas with limited control. The later period from 1870-1914 saw more aggressive imperial expansion by European powers, Japan, and the US into Asia and Africa. Motivations included economic, political and social factors like acquiring resources, establishing global empires, and spreading Christianity. Many regions of Asia and Africa were colonized during this era.
Chapter 3 settling the northern colonieskellycrowell
The document summarizes the settlement of the northern colonies, including the founding of Plymouth colony by the Pilgrims, the establishment of Massachusetts Bay colony by Puritans seeking religious freedom, and the spread of Puritan ideals of self-governance and a strict moral code. It also discusses the founding of Rhode Island by Roger Williams based on complete religious toleration, as well as the growth of Connecticut and conflicts with Native Americans. The middle colonies including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware saw more religious and ethnic diversity compared to New England.
The document discusses the exploration and expansion of Western Europe during the 1400s and 1500s. Driven by desires for wealth, glory, and spreading religion, European explorers utilized new ship and navigation technologies to sail to previously unknown lands. Major European powers like England, France, the Netherlands, and Portugal established colonies in lands they explored and conquered, often violently subjugating indigenous peoples. This led to new patterns of global trade, the exchange of goods and diseases between Europe, Africa and the Americas, and the rise of capitalism and economic systems like mercantilism. It also discusses the horrific Atlantic slave trade that captured and sold millions of Africans as slaves to work plantations in the Americas between the 1500s and 1800
The two documents summarize the political, economic, and social impacts of the slave trade on three West African kingdoms - Benin, Kongo, and Asante - from the 15th to 19th centuries. Initially, the slave trade increased the power of rulers by providing guns and wealth, but over time it led to civil wars, corruption, and the decline and fall of the kingdoms as European influence grew and the slave trade disrupted traditional power structures.
The document summarizes Western expansion in the mid-19th century United States. It discusses key events like the annexation of Texas, Oregon Territory, and Mexican Cession that expanded U.S. territory westward. It also describes cultural clashes as European, Mexican, African American, Chinese, and Native American groups interacted in the expanding West. Ranching, farming, mining, and the transcontinental railroad transformed the economy and society of the Western territories during this period of rapid growth and conflict. Farmers organized cooperatives and the Populist movement in response to economic difficulties in the late 1800s.
The document provides information about the Age of Exploration in Europe. It discusses key terms like Prince Henry the Navigator and Christopher Columbus. It explains that [1] Prince Henry promoted Portuguese exploration down the west coast of Africa through funding expeditions. Technological advancements like the caravel ship and astrolabe enabled more extensive exploration. [2] Europeans wanted to find a direct trade route to Asia to access valuable spices instead of the expensive overland route. Explorers like Columbus and da Gama sought new trade routes and lands, opening the way for European colonization of the Americas and trade with Asia.
European explorers launched voyages of discovery during the 15th and 16th centuries, driven by desires for wealth, glory and spreading faith. Portugal, led by Prince Henry, pioneered exploration down the coast of Africa hoping to find a sea route to India. Key explorers included da Gama, who reached India, and Columbus, who reached the Americas while seeking Asia but landed in a new continent. Magellan later became the first to circumnavigate the globe. Other European nations like England, France and the Netherlands later joined exploration seeking wealth and glory through finding routes to Asia.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then summarizes European exploration of the Americas beginning in the late 15th century led by Portugal and Spain, followed by England, France, and other nations in the 16th-17th centuries. Finally, it outlines the establishment and development of the original 13 British colonies in North America from the early 1600s through the American Revolutionary War in the late 1700s.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then summarizes European exploration of the Americas beginning in the late 15th century led by Portugal and Spain, followed by England, France, and other nations in the 16th-17th centuries. Finally, it outlines the establishment and development of the original 13 British colonies in North America from the early 1600s through the American Revolutionary War in the late 1700s.
This document provides an overview of Native American groups in North America prior to European contact, including their similarities in diet, tools, and lack of writing systems. It then summarizes European exploration of the Americas beginning in the late 15th century led by Portugal and Spain, followed by England, France, and other nations in the 16th-17th centuries. Finally, it outlines the establishment and development of the original 13 British colonies in North America from the early 1600s through the American Revolutionary War in the late 1700s.
1) European exploration and conquest in the Americas began in the late 15th century, with Christopher Columbus arriving in the Caribbean in 1492 while seeking a route to Asia. Over subsequent decades, Spanish conquistadors like Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Aztec and Incan empires and claimed territory for Spain.
2) Meanwhile, other European powers established colonial holdings in North America, including the French in Canada and the English at Jamestown and Plymouth. Conflicts between these powers eventually led to the French and Indian War in the 1750s, resulting in British control of most of eastern North America.
3) The growth of plantation agriculture in the Americas drove the rise of the Atlantic slave
The document summarizes key developments in the English, Spanish, French, and Dutch colonies in North America between 1521 and 1700. It discusses the establishment of chattel slavery and plantation systems focused on tobacco and sugar; the different approaches of the New England, Mid-Atlantic, and Southern colonies; conflicts between colonists and Native Americans; the rise of religious dissenters; and tensions that led to events like Bacon's Rebellion. Overall, the period saw European powers establishing colonies, conflicts over land and religion, the rise of African slavery to replace indentured servitude, and Native American populations declining due to war and disease.
This document provides an overview of early Native American cultures, their interactions with Europeans, and the establishment of colonial powers in the Americas. It describes diverse Native American societies across North and South America, including the Aztecs and their large cities. It then summarizes the earliest contacts between Native Americans and Europeans like Columbus, the conquests of the Aztecs and Incas, and the problems that arose from the conquistadors systems of control.
The document summarizes the colonization of North America in the 17th century in six sections. It discusses the different types of colonies established including royal, joint stock, and proprietary colonies. It outlines the development of plantation societies focused on cash crops like tobacco in the Chesapeake and Caribbean colonies and the emergence of New England towns centered around churches and families. The middle colonies including New York and Pennsylvania developed from Dutch origins and Quaker influences. Various crises occurred throughout the colonies in the late 17th century including Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia and the Salem Witch Trials.
The document summarizes the colonization of North America in the 17th century in six sections. It discusses the different types of colonies established including royal, joint stock, and proprietary colonies. It outlines the development of plantation societies focused on cash crops like tobacco in the Chesapeake and Caribbean colonies and the emergence of New England towns centered around churches and families. The middle colonies including New York and Pennsylvania developed from Dutch origins and Quaker influences. Various crises occurred throughout the colonies in the late 17th century including Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia and the Salem Witch Trials.
This study guide covers major topics and events in AP US History. It discusses the Aztecs, importance of corn, Christopher Columbus's voyages and their impacts, and the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing control of the Americas between Spain and Portugal. It also summarizes the founding of Jamestown and other early English colonies, the development of the New England colonies and middle colonies, conflicts between the colonies and England over taxation and governance, and the American Revolutionary War.
The document provides an overview of the Age of Exploration by European powers beginning in the 15th century. It discusses key explorers like Prince Henry of Portugal, Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, Vasco de Balboa, and Ferdinand Magellan who explored and claimed new lands for their European nations. It also summarizes the establishment of colonies in the Americas by Spain, Portugal, France, England, and the Netherlands as well as the introduction and system of African slavery that developed.
- Joint-stock companies allowed multiple investors to pool resources to finance colonial ventures, with profits and losses shared among investors and the monarch. The London and Plymouth Companies were formed through this system to establish colonies in North America.
- The first permanent English settlement, Jamestown, was founded in 1607 by the London Company but experienced a very difficult early period, with many settlers dying during the first winter due to lack of food and shelter. The cultivation of tobacco later provided economic success.
- The Puritans sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic influences and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629, bringing religious freedom but also strict religious laws and community oversight of individual behavior.
The document provides a summary of key events and developments in early American history from the founding of Jamestown in 1607 through the American Revolution. It discusses the establishment of the tobacco industry in Virginia, conflicts with Native Americans, the growth of slavery and the plantation system in the South, religious dissent that led to new colonies being founded, and the political and economic tensions that emerged between the colonies and Britain in the 1700s. Major events covered include the French and Indian War, responses to new British taxation like the Boston Tea Party, and the publication of Common Sense and the Declaration of Independence.
The document summarizes the planting and development of English colonies in North America between 1500-1733. It discusses the Protestant Reformation in England, early failed colonial attempts like Roanoke, the founding of Jamestown in 1607, the growth of tobacco as a cash crop, the establishment of representative government with the House of Burgesses in 1619, the founding of other colonies like Maryland and the Carolinas, and the rise of the plantation system and slavery in the southern colonies. It provides important context for the initial period of English colonization in North America.
England established colonies in North America for several reasons, including religious freedom for Puritans and economic opportunities. The earliest colonies, Roanoke and Jamestown, struggled at first. Jamestown nearly failed until tobacco farming took off. The colony began self-governance and prospered. Maryland was founded to provide religious freedom for Catholics.
Maryland was founded by English Catholics seeking religious freedom led by George Calvert. It was carefully planned to avoid failure. Tobacco became a major cash crop, though most colonists struggled as indentured servants on farms. In 1649, Maryland passed the Toleration Act allowing religious freedom for Christians. Colonists then moved south, establishing the Carolinas with a written constitution. The colony became too large and split into North and South Carolina. Georgia was founded to gain control of the area, settling debtors who had to defend the land but could start anew, though slavery was eventually allowed and plantations increased. Settlers also moved westward for more land.
The document discusses the European settlement of North America, explaining that the British North American colonies developed into distinct societies and economies based on the regions of the Chesapeake and Lower South, New England, and the Mid-Atlantic. It provides details on the founding and development of the Virginia, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Carolina, Pennsylvania, and New York colonies, focusing on their religious motivations, political and economic systems, and the rise of slavery.
The document provides information about the early inhabitants and history of South Carolina. It describes the Cherokee and Catawba Native American tribes who lived in the region, detailing their way of life including housing, farming, trade, and governance structure. It also discusses the European exploration of South Carolina in the 16th and 17th centuries by Spain, France and England, and the establishment of the first colonies including Charles Town. Slavery is introduced as the practice of owning people as property and forcing them to work on plantations growing cash crops.
This document provides an overview of the exploration, discovery, and settlement of North America between 1492-1700. It describes the cultures that existed in North America prior to European contact, including both small nomadic groups and larger complex societies. It then outlines factors that drove European exploration such as technological advances, religious conflicts, trade expansion, and the development of nation-states. Key early explorers and their voyages are summarized, including Columbus, Cabot, Cartier, and others. Spanish and English colonial settlements are briefly described.
The document summarizes the key differences between the New England, Middle, and Southern English colonies. New England colonies focused on fishing, lumber, and trade due to their rocky soil and climate. They were settled by religious dissenters seeking freedom. The Middle colonies had fertile land and waterways supporting farming and trade. They were ethnically diverse with Quakers and Germans. The Southern colonies grew cash crops like tobacco with large plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves. Conflicts arose from expanding colonist settlements disrupting Native American lands.
1. “Native” Americans
• Beringia
– Eskimo
– Northwest
– Anasazi
• Pueblos
• Water conservation
– Similarities
• Diet
– Hunt, farm, fish
• Bows & arrows
• No writing
2. • Vs. Europeans
– Less dense
– No wheels or ships
– Small animals only
• Ericsson
• Prince Henry
• Bartolomeu Dias
• Vasco da Gama breaks
Mediterranean
monopoly 1498
3. • Portugal inches along
African coast
– Slaves
– Religion
• Cape Verde 1st plantations
• Ottoman Turks
– Genoa & Venice
– Atlantic nations look
west
4. • Spain
– Moors
• Columbus
– Bad with the ruler
– San Salvador
• Bahamas
– Hispaniola
• La Navidad
– Returns with natives
– 4 trips
– Columbian Exchange
• Goods, ppl & ideas
5. • Treaty of Tordesillas
– Portugal
– Brazil only
– de Gama 1498
• Cabot
– Northwest Passage/ cod
• Cabral
– Vespucci
• Balboa
• Magellan
– West voyage not feasible
6. • Conquistadores
– Cortez
• Aztec
– Empire, tribute, sacrific
e
• Spain most powerful after
– Pizarro
• Inca
• French
– Verrazano
– Cartier
7.
8. • Up to now
– No settlements in
America
– Spanish Empire
– Portugal to China
– International fishing
9. • Huguenots
– Challenge to Spain
– St. Augustine 1st
• England
– John Hawkins Africa to
Haiti
• Factors encouraging
exploration
– Technological advances
– Monarchs looking to
enlarge, enrich
– Gold, glory & the Gospel
10. • England supplants Spain
– Henry VIII
– Elizabeth
• Reform
– Drake
– Roanoke Island
– Armada
• Spain defends Cath.
• English pond
11.
12. England Colonizes in a Big Way
• Hakluyt
– New trade partners
– Ease unemployment
• Pressure valve
• 1530-1680 Pop doubled
causing many to leave
• Joint-stock company
– VA London
– VA Plymouth
– Takes time for profit
13. • Jamestown
– License to poach
– Terrible location
• Swamp, drought
– Gentlemen/servants
– Search for gold
• 38/144
– Malnutrition, disease, Eur
opean traditions of labor
– Could have done better if
they learned to farm
– John Smith
• Harsh
• “The Starving Time”
14. • Powhatan Confederacy
– Aid led to survival
– Weapons for reinforcing
• Lord de la Warr
– Irish tactics
• Raid, burn, steal
• Natives inferior
• Almost exterminated due
to VA success
• John Rolfe
– Made VA a stable colony
– Seals peace by marriage
15. • Spread of the vile weed • Society of servants and
ex-servants
– Scattered settlements • Sometimes sold
– Constant encroaching • Extended– legally
• Labor force – Stole, ran
away, pregnant
– Indentured – Women no marriage
• Lack of labor – Freedom dues
• Poor, willing – Headright
• Cheap, abundant • Wealthy gentry class
• 2x or 3x pay – More land, more
• Most migrants to workers
Chesapeake – New arrivals in 1619
• Many premature deaths • Africans & wives?
16. • House of Burgesses
– Series of harsh rulers
– Representative self-
government
• Local laws only but, it set
a precedent of self-
government at local level
in colonies
• James hates tobacco and
distrusted H of B.
• Charter revoked
1624, reinstated 1629
17. • Maryland
– Proprietary
• Lord B’more
• Sanctuary
– But… conflict
» Majority
Protestants as
yeoman
» Catholics as gentry
– Act of Toleration 1649
• Depended on tobacco &
indentured servants
18. • Polarized society post
1649
– Land, money in east
– Untamed in the west
– Gov. Berkeley
• No elections for 15 years
• Only male landowners &
heads of households
• Monopolized fur trade w/
Indians
• Bacon’s Rebellion
– Big guys & little
guys, Berkeley removed
– New workforce
19. • New England
• Pilgrims
– Separatists
– Too corrupt
– Holland
– Mayflower Compact
• Political body & legal auth
• Will of majority
– Squanto
• Pilgrims as allies
• Thanksgiving
20. • Mass. Bay Colony
– Covenant
• Contract for a mission
– “City Upon a Hill”
• Reform the Church of Eng.
– King’s puppet
– Families, educated, colle
ge
– Voting rights
• Property owning males
• Popular got big tracts
21. The sewer where the “Lord’s debris”
collected and rotted
• Connecticut
– Thomas Hooker
– All males
– Fundamental Orders of CT.
• Rhode Island
– Roger Williams
• Land belonged to…
• Freedom of religion
– Newport 1658
– Anne Hutchinson
• Comm. Directly with God
22. Relations with Indians
• Pequot War of 1637
– White settlement
disrupted trade
– Narragansett allies
– Heavily criticized
• Tried to Christianize
• Indians knew only unity
stops encroachment
23. • King Philip’s War
– Encroachment
• Surrounded Indian towns
• Sassamon
• Mohawk
• Great Swamp
• Sold into slavery
• Debt, ruined
frontier, hatred
• Eunice Williams stayed
• Mary Rowlandson–
Redemption Rock
24. Trouble in New England
• Salem
– Tituba
• Witchcraft
• Specters
– Causes
• Continual disorder
explained by blame
– Indian attacks
– Decline of Puritan s.
– Ergot
25. The Other Colonies
• New York
– 1609 Hudson
– Albany
– New Netherlands
– New Amsterdam
• Manhattan
• Patroonships
• Headright
– Diverse
– Huguenots
• Peter Stuyvesant
• Duke of York– James
26. • Pennsylvania
– Wm. Penn
– Quaker
– Proprietary
– Indians
• Purchase land, deal
fairly, respect claims
• Those having probs
elsewhere
– Religious toleration
• “in the souls there is no
sex”
27. • Carolina
– Restoration as others
– Barbados
• Charles Town
• Slaves
• Staple crop
– Eliza Lucas
– VA influence
28. • Georgia
– Oglethorpe
– Buffer/Reform
• Between two empires
– Savannah
29. Governing the Colonies
• Navigation Acts
– Only English/colonial
ships
– Enumerated list
– Make money/
competition
– Salutary Neglect
• Robert Walpole
• Admiralty Courts
30. • Crown attacks colony’s
charters
– Mass Bay
– Dominion of New
England
• Under direct crown
control
• Land titles invalidated
• Edmund Andros
• Glorious Revolution
– Mass Bay restored
31. – Leisler’s Rebellion
– John Coode
• More Indian Wars
– New York
• Beaver Wars
• Iroquois
– European diseases
– North Carolina
• Tuscarora
– Many enslaved
– 6th Nation
32. • South Carolina
– Yamassee
• Abuse (slavery)
• Lands
• Spanish intrigue
• Slavery
– Portuguese
• Africans practiced
violence
– European didn’t have
too
– Xtianized them instead
33. – Triangular Trade
• Products & trade basis of
economy
• Middle Passage
– Rebellion
• Stono
• No overturn, no winning
fight for freedom
• Colonial Experiences
– The Great Awakening
• First Shared
34. – Religious Indifference
• Convert non-believer
• Revive piety
– Revivals
• Jonathan Edwards
– “Sinners…
• Religious Diversity
• Enlightenment
– Life, liberty, property
• John Locke
– Right of rebellion
• Peter Zenger
35. – Religion
• Deism
• God the Clockmaker
– Ben Franklin
• Poor Richard’s
• The French in America
– Champlain
• Coureurs de bois
• Black Robes
– Robert de la Salle
• Mississippi
36. – No suppression Indians
– Like European goods
• Kept Spanish away
• Wars with France
– King William/Queen
Anne
• Mostly European
• Frontier towns attacked
– Still need English prot.
– King George’s War
• Louisbourg
– Colonists furious
» Boston widows
37. • French/Indian War
– Contested land
• Ohio Valley
• French forts
• Gov. Dinwiddie
– Washington
» Surrenders
» British retaliate
• Nova Scotia
– Albany Congress
• Albany Plan for Union
– Ben Franklin
38. » Win Indians
» Colonists meet
annually
» Refused by colony
& crown
• Independence
– not
enough, too
much
– General Braddock
• Duquesne
• Colonists refused
• British feel colony bear
responsibility
• Indians side with French–
less land hungry
39. – William Pitt
• Better commanders
– Local recruitment
• Finance thoroughly, but…
– Boon to colonial
economy
• Focus on NA not WI
– Attack Quebec
– Cripple colonies
– Plains of Abraham
» Wolfe/Montcalm
» Iroquois ally GB
40. – Treaty of Paris
• Indians lose land
• England east, Spain west
– Colonial hangover
• Colonists
– Military confidence
– Colonists treated poorly
» No promotions
» Discipline brutal
» Amateurs
• British concerns
– Am. Trade w/ enemy
– Am. Headed west
41. • Pontiac’s Rebellion
– Refused to surrender
lands
– British raised prices
– Several Br. Forts attacked
– Many lives
– Germ warfare
• Proclamation of 1763
– Keep peace
– Soldiers stationed here
42. • British problems
– War debt
– Colonists should help
pay for empire
– Pitt’s role
– Standing Army
(where?!?)
– Quartering Act
• Sugar Act
– Molasses Act
– Rewards for capture
43. • Stamp Act
– Internal tax
– James Otis
• No rep in Parle
• Direct rep here
• Grenville virtual
– Sons & Daughters
• Boycott
– VA Resolves
• Patrick Henry
• Caesar, Chas I and George
44. – Stamp Act Congress
• First successful union
• 9 of 13
• Rights & Grievances
– Tax and represent redux
– Jury w/o trial
– Restrict on trade
• Prevent distribution
– Andrew Oliver
» Effigy
– Thomas Hutchinson
» All resigned
45. • Boycott worked
• Declaratory Act
• Townsend Acts
– Revenue Act of 1765
– Customs collectors paid
by crown
– Tax on
lead, glass, paint, tea
– Writs of assistance
– New York Assembly
46. – Circular Letter
• Sam Adams
• Tax w/o consent?
• VA Assembly agrees
dissolved
• Currently
– Taxes
– Houses searched
– Troops stationed at the
center of hotbeds
47. • Boston Massacre
– March 5, 1770
– Soldiers withdrawn
– Townsend repealed
• Gaspée
– Crown’s commission to
find perpetrators
– Committees of
Correspondence
• Cooperation to oppose
48.
49. • Boston Tea Party
– British East India Tea Co.
• Smuggled tea
• Tax lowered
• Favoritism
• Hurt current suppliers
• Hurt smugglers
• “Intolerable” Acts
– 1. Boston Harbor
– 2. Mass. Charter
– 3. Trials in England
50. – 4. New Quartering Act
– 5. Quebec Act
• New borders
– Land granted to
Catholics!
– No precedent
– General Gage
• First Continental
Congress
– Rights & Grievances
• Hope for cooler heads in
Parlement– no response
51. • Continental Association
– Manage boycott
– Ben Franklin
» “we must hang
together…”
– Colonists forced to
choose sides
– Meet again in one year
• Lexington & Concord 4/75
– Stockpiles
– Paul Revere/Wm. Dawes
– Sam Adams/John Hancock
52. – Boston under siege
• Second Continental
Congress
– G. Washington C-in-C
– Mass Militia named Cont.
Army
• Bunker Hill
– 3 attempts
– Pyrrhic victory
– Hessians
– Ports closed
– Halifax
53. • Ethan Allen
• Canadian Invasion
– Benedict Arnold
• Common Sense
– Thomas Paine
• Hessian’s (unpopularity)
• Fawkes Day
– Need European support
54. • Independence needed
– Richard Henry Lee
– “These colonies…”
• Adams, Franklin, Jeff
• SC & GA edit
– All men…
– Life, liberty &
– Government purpose to
allow
– Government derives
power
– If government fails to
allow
55. • All signers… treason
• All states write their own
• Battle of New York
– No pursuit
– Desertion
– The Crisis
• British ad/disad
– Army
– 3000 miles
– Re-conquer judiciously
57. • Americans
– Good officers as well as
bad
– Home game
– Women
• Nurses
• Domestic
• Shurtleff
• Pitcher
58. • Britain cuts off New Eng
– Howe
– Philadelphia
• Brandywine
• No accomplishment
– Burgoyne
– Saratoga
• One of the biggest
• French
– Repossess
– Fear reconcile
• Home-rule
59. • Valley Forge
– Baron von Steuben
• War in the West
– Joseph Brandt
• Iroquois Alliance
– George Rogers Clark
– Indians mostly neutral to
leaning British
• War on the Sea
– John Paul Jones
60. • Bonhomme Richard
– Privateers
• War in the South
– Charleston/ Savannah
• Put Tories in charge
• African- Americans
• Nathaniel Greene
– We fight…
– Guerrilla
» Marion
» Sumter
» Further inland
61. • Yorktown
– De Grasse
– Cut their losses
• Treaty of Paris
62. • State Constitutions
– Governors
– Bi-cameral
– Limit voting rights
• South “at least you…”
– VA had bill of rights
• Republican government
– Elect reps
– Weak central gov’t
63. • Articles of Confederation
• Foreign affairs
• Maintain army
• Borrow
• Issue currency
– Could not
• Regulate trade
• Draft
• Tax
• Laws 9/13, amend 13/13
• No exec, no judiciary
64. • One vote per
• Ratification problems
– Western lands
– 3/1781
– Accomplishments
• Won war
• Foreign affairs
• New states
• Land policy
– Ordinance of 1785
• 1st independent source of
revenue
65. • 6x6
• Education
• Auction
• Speculators
• 640 for $1 each
• Ordinance of 1787
– Northwest Territory
– 3 to 5 (equal) states
• 60,000
– Bill of Rights
– No slavery but…
66. • Problems with Money
– Soldiers wages
– March on PHL
– Paper worthless
– Dept of Finance
• Robert Morris
• 5% imports
– Denied (gov’t too
powerful?)
67. • Post war depression
– Rice crop
– Farms confiscated
– WI closed
– Britain flooded states
• Shays’ Rebellion
– Mass broke
– Tax farmers
– Confiscate land
– Shays marches to courts/
arsenal
– A of C not strong enough
68. • Slavery
– Immediate to gradual
freedom
– VA manumission
– “All men…”
• Quok Walker
• South… not human
• NJ
• Const. Convention
– Annapolis Conf.
69. – Madison/Hamilton
• Change A of C– too weak
• 55 delegates– lawyers
– VA Plan
• Bi-cameral
• Pop. proportioned
• Exec chosen by legis.
– NJ Plan
• Uni-cameral
• Plural execs
70. • Great Compromise
– Roger Sherman
– Bi-cameral
• House, Senate
• 3/5 clause
• Slavery till 1808
• 9 of 13 ratify
• Ratification
– Federalists/anti-
Federalist
• Fear distance power
• Bill of Rights
71. – Delaware
– New Hampshire
– VA
• Bill to be added
– NY
• Federalist Papers
– Failure of A of C
• First Election
– Washington
• Adams
72. • Dept of Treasury
– Hamilton
• State
– Jefferson
• War
• “Cabinet”
– Advisers
• Judiciary Act of 1789
– Supreme Ct.
– John Jay
73. • Bill of Rights
– Madison
– 12-10
– No mention of who can
vote
• Financial problems
– Hamilton
• Tariff
• South no
– Report on Public Credit
74. – Fed debt at par
• Speculators (wealthy)
– Assumption
• States have stake
• South not happy
• Washington D.C.
• National Bank
– Vault, loans, currency
– Strict
– Loose
• Necessary and…
• Political parties
75. • Whiskey Rebellion
– Hamilton’s programs
• 25%
• Bartering
• Serious threat
• Nationalize PA militia
• Frontier problems
– Indians look to Eng./Sp.
– Anthony Wayne
• Fallen Timbers
• Greenville
– Ohio
76. • European problems
– Revolution
• Neutrality
• Citizen Genet
• Jefferson resigns
• British impress
– Jay’s Treaty
• Hamilton’s role
• Northwest
• Pay for ships
• Allow trade w/ Brit. W.I.
77. • Freed slaves?
• Executive privilege
– Pinckney’s Treaty
• Spain
• Right of Deposit
• Mississippi
• Washington’s Farewell
– Precedent
– Party system
– Alliances
78. • Election of 1796
– Adams
– Jefferson
– 71-68
– 12th Amendment
• Adam’s presidency
– Problems w/ France
– XYZ Affair
• Shipping
• Talleyrand
79. – Undeclared war
• Dept of Navy
– Alien & Sedition Acts
• Aimed at Republicans
– 14 year
• Sedition Act
– KY & VA resolutions
• Compact
• Nullification
80. • Election of 1800
– Adams
• A/S
• Taxes for Navy
• Whiskey
• Jay’s Treaty
– Jefferson
• Atheist
• Jacobin
• Sally Hemings
• Burr as help
• Tie
• “Revolution”
81. • Jefferson Presidency
– States center
• Compact
– Capital
– Debt paid down
• Gallatin
• Army/navy
• Excise tax
• Sedition Act
• Naturalization repealed
• Kept par, et al
82. • Midnight Appointments
– Federalists
– John Marshall
– Marbury v. Madison
– Writ of Mandamus
– Judicial Review
– Samuel Chase
83. • Foreign Policy
• Tripoli
• Stephen Decatur
– Louisiana Purchase
• French control/empire?
• Right of Deposit
• Eli Whitney
• Livingston/Madison
• Haiti
– Toussaint L’Ouverture
• Napoleon needs $$$
more
84. • Feds oppose
• Strict v. Loose
• Doubled size
• Lewis & Clark
– Good relations
– Flora/fauna
– Water route
– Oregon
– Sacajawea
– Louisiana 1812
85. • Domestic Issues
– Essex Junto
• New England, NY, NJ
– Feds losing influence
– Burr as governor
– Hamilton
– Southwest Empire?
• 2nd Term
– Problems w/ Britain &
France
• Continental System
• Orders in Council
86. • Impressment
– 6,000 1808-1811
• Chesapeake v. Leopard
• Embargo Act
– Disaster
– Smuggling
• Non- Intercourse Act
• Election of 1808
– Madison
– Feds gain seats
– Macon’s Bill #2
87. – War Hawks
• Henry Clay
• John C. Calhoun
• Andrew Jackson
• All anti-British
– Tippecanoe
• Wm. Henry Harrison
• Tecumseh
• Federation
• Tecumseh flees
88. • Causes for War
– War Hawks want Canada
– Florida
– Impressment
– Federalists oppose
– Sectional vote
– Orders in Council
suspended but news
travels slow
89. • War of 1812
– Ads:
• Britain tied up w/Nap
• Home game
• Canada target w/ little
pop.
– Dis-ad:
• Small army &
old/untrained
• “Mr. Madison’s War”
90. • Invasion of Canada
– William Hull
– NY Militia
• Lake Erie
– Oliver Hazard Perry
– Thames
• Retreating British
• Tecumseh
• York
91. • At Sea
– USS Constitution
• 2 big victories
– Inland lakes
– Privateers
– British blockade
• Economy crippled
• Treasury broke
– Bank expired
92. • 1814 Napoleon defeated
– Chesapeake
• Washington
• Baltimore
– Francis Scott Key
– Hudson
• Plattsburgh
• Macdonough
• War too costly
– Southwest Campaign
• Jackson
93. – Horseshoe Bend
– Treaty of Ghent
• Status Quo Ante Bellum
• New Orleans
– Hartford Convention
• Feds last hurrah
• Openly traded w/ Britain
• State militias
• 3/5 clause
• 60 day embargo
• 1 term President
94. • No successive President
from same state
• 2/3 vote for new states
• Poor timing
• Era of Good Feelings
– 1816 Elections
• James Monroe
• Little opposition
– Nationalism High
– BUS re-chartered 1816
• Local banks
95. • War effort hurt
– Tariff of 1816
• Protective
– Florida
• Adams-Onis
– Rush-Bagot/Convention
of 1818
• Demilitarized
• 49th Parallel
96. • Panic of 1819
– Westward migration
– Steamships
– Wildcat
– Distrust of BUS
• McCulloch v. MD
• MO Compromise
– Whitney & LA Purchase
• Slavery forefront
• Profitable & expanding
97. – Balanced Senate
• Tallmadge Amendment
– Gradual Abolition
– Precedent?
» LA Purchase
» South too?
– Compromise by Clay
• MO/ME
• 36’36”
98. • Foreign Policy (Monroe)
– Monroe Doctrine
• Great Britain
• West closed
• US stays out of Europe
• GB motives
• Election of 1824
– Caucus
– One party
– Crawford—Clay– Adams
– Jackson
99. – Jackson wins popular
– Jackson wins electoral
• Plurality
• House
• Clay’s role
• Corrupt Bargain?
• Adam’s Presidency
– Internal improvements
– National Road
– Canals
• Erie
100. – National University?
– Naval College?
• Election of 1828
– Jackson
• Democratic Republicans
• Property qual. Dropped
– RI 1842
• Mudslinging
• Rachel
– Adams
• National Republicans
101. • Jackson’s Presidency
– King Mob– inauguration
– Spoils System
• Loyalists
• Beginnings of patronage
• Jackson & Tariff of 1828
– Inherited
– Abominations
• South manuf. little
• South sold worldwide
• Slavery?
102. • MO fires rekindled
• Denmark Vesey 1822
– SC Exposition
• Calhoun
• KY & VA Resolutions
• “Nullies”
– Tariff of 1832
– Too little
– Nullified
– Secession?
103. – Jackson… “Hang the
first”
– Clay Compromise
• 1833 Tariff
– Force Bill
– SC repealed nullification
• Nullified Force Bill
104. • Indian Removal– Trail of
Tears
– Five Civilized Tribes
• Cherokee
• Alphabet
• Sequoyah
• Slave owners
– Worcester v. GA
• Sovereign
• “John Marshall has made
his decision…”
105. – West to “save” them
– Sauk/Fox
• Blackhawk
– Seminole/Osceola
• Eaton Malaria
– Peggy wife of John
– Sec’y of War
– Floride Calhoun
– Rachel
– Cabinet resigned
106. – Martin Van Buren
– VP frontrunner
• Bank War & Election of
1832
– BUS controlled economy
– Answers to no one
– Controlled gold/silver
– Nicholas Biddle
– Clay asks for re-charter 4
years early (1832)
107. – Vetoed (as many others)
• Clay & National
Republicans
– Nomination conventions
with platforms (1st )
– First third party
• Anti-Mason
• William Wirt
• Anti-Jackson
• Morphed in with Whigs
108. • Killing the Bank
– Mandate
– Taney
– Biddle tries to create
crisis
– “Pet” banks
– More wildcats
– Specie Circular
• “Hard” currency only
• Led to another panic
109. • Whigs & Election of
1836
– King Andrew the First
– Only issue– Jackson
• South hates tariff
• North hates slavery
• Clay hates Jackson
• West lovers American
System
• Anti-Masons
– Favorite Sons– Wm.
Henry Harrison
110. • Van Buren’s Presidency
– First born in “America”
– “Machine-made”
• Other Dems resented
– Trouble in Maine
• Aroostook
• Webster-Ashburton 1842
– Abolitionism in full swing
111. – Panic of 1837
• Land spec.
• Wildcats
• Specie Circular
• Wheat crop fail
• Pet banks failed
– Government $$$
• Buren– laissez faire
• Independent Treasury Bill
– Trail of Tears 1838
– Texas