The document summarizes the settlement of the Northern colonies by Puritans in the 17th century. It describes the origins and beliefs of Puritanism stemming from the Protestant Reformation. Puritans established colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to practice their religion freely. However, religious dissenters like Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams were banished for their radical beliefs. Tensions also arose with local Native American tribes, leading to conflicts like the Pequot War. By the 1630s, the Puritan colonies of New England were established.
The document summarizes England's growing imperial ambitions in North America in the late 1500s and early 1600s. It discusses early failed English colonization attempts and the founding of Jamestown in 1607. It then outlines the development of the early English colonies in North America, including the establishment of joint-stock companies, the growth of tobacco cultivation, the introduction of slavery from the West Indies, and the founding of other colonies like Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia through the 1700s.
The document provides an overview of the peopling and early history of North America. It describes how the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart. Various groups migrated across a land bridge between Asia and North America around 35,000 years ago to populate the Americas. Corn was domesticated in Mexico around 5,000 BC, allowing for settled farming communities and the rise of early civilizations like the Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas. Europeans began exploring and colonizing the Americas around 500 years ago, bringing both old and new world plants, animals, and diseases, radically transforming the populations and environments of both regions.
Chapter 3 settling the northern colonieskellycrowell
The document summarizes the settlement of the northern colonies, including the founding of Plymouth colony by the Pilgrims, the establishment of Massachusetts Bay colony by Puritans seeking religious freedom, and the spread of Puritan ideals of self-governance and a strict moral code. It also discusses the founding of Rhode Island by Roger Williams based on complete religious toleration, as well as the growth of Connecticut and conflicts with Native Americans. The middle colonies including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware saw more religious and ethnic diversity compared to New England.
The Middle Colonies were founded in the mid-1600s and were located between New England and the Southern colonies. The Dutch originally founded New York as New Netherland, but it came under English control in 1664. New Jersey was established as a proprietary colony by the Duke of York in the 1660s. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn in 1682 as a place for Quakers to worship freely. The Middle Colonies had a diverse population and economies focused on farming and trade.
The New England colonies were founded primarily for religious reasons in the early 1600s. The Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England while the Pilgrims sought complete separation and founded the Plymouth colony after signing the Mayflower Compact. The Massachusetts Bay colony was also founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom led by John Winthrop. However, dissenters like Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson faced persecution for their religious views, and the Salem Witch Trials led to mass hysteria and executions in 1692. Conflicts with Native Americans included the Pequot War and King Philip's War, changing the colonial landscape.
The document discusses the history and development of the New England colonies, including:
- The four original New England colonies were Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.
- Many early settlers were religious dissenters like the Pilgrims and Puritans who faced persecution in England for their beliefs.
- The Pilgrims established the Plymouth colony with the Mayflower Compact to govern themselves. Their survival was aided by the Native American Squanto.
- The Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay colony, seeking to purify the Anglican church and establish a "city on a hill" as an example. Their communities were tightly-knit and emphasized religious conformity.
The document summarizes the key events that led to the American Revolution from 1763 to 1774. It provides background on colonial unrest growing due to new taxes from the British Parliament and King George III's proclamations restricting colonists. This tension escalated through acts like the Stamp Act, Quartering Act, Boston Massacre, and Intolerable Acts. By 1774, the First Continental Congress convened and war appeared inevitable after the Battles of Lexington and Concord.
The document summarizes the 13 colonies that made up British America in the 17th and 18th centuries. It divides the colonies into three regional groups: New England (Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire), Middle (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware), and Southern (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia). For each colony, it provides information on date of founding, major industries, cities, origin of the colony name, and date of statehood. It also describes the climate, economies, and reasons for establishment of each regional group.
The document summarizes England's growing imperial ambitions in North America in the late 1500s and early 1600s. It discusses early failed English colonization attempts and the founding of Jamestown in 1607. It then outlines the development of the early English colonies in North America, including the establishment of joint-stock companies, the growth of tobacco cultivation, the introduction of slavery from the West Indies, and the founding of other colonies like Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia through the 1700s.
The document provides an overview of the peopling and early history of North America. It describes how the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart. Various groups migrated across a land bridge between Asia and North America around 35,000 years ago to populate the Americas. Corn was domesticated in Mexico around 5,000 BC, allowing for settled farming communities and the rise of early civilizations like the Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas. Europeans began exploring and colonizing the Americas around 500 years ago, bringing both old and new world plants, animals, and diseases, radically transforming the populations and environments of both regions.
Chapter 3 settling the northern colonieskellycrowell
The document summarizes the settlement of the northern colonies, including the founding of Plymouth colony by the Pilgrims, the establishment of Massachusetts Bay colony by Puritans seeking religious freedom, and the spread of Puritan ideals of self-governance and a strict moral code. It also discusses the founding of Rhode Island by Roger Williams based on complete religious toleration, as well as the growth of Connecticut and conflicts with Native Americans. The middle colonies including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware saw more religious and ethnic diversity compared to New England.
The Middle Colonies were founded in the mid-1600s and were located between New England and the Southern colonies. The Dutch originally founded New York as New Netherland, but it came under English control in 1664. New Jersey was established as a proprietary colony by the Duke of York in the 1660s. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn in 1682 as a place for Quakers to worship freely. The Middle Colonies had a diverse population and economies focused on farming and trade.
The New England colonies were founded primarily for religious reasons in the early 1600s. The Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England while the Pilgrims sought complete separation and founded the Plymouth colony after signing the Mayflower Compact. The Massachusetts Bay colony was also founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom led by John Winthrop. However, dissenters like Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson faced persecution for their religious views, and the Salem Witch Trials led to mass hysteria and executions in 1692. Conflicts with Native Americans included the Pequot War and King Philip's War, changing the colonial landscape.
The document discusses the history and development of the New England colonies, including:
- The four original New England colonies were Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.
- Many early settlers were religious dissenters like the Pilgrims and Puritans who faced persecution in England for their beliefs.
- The Pilgrims established the Plymouth colony with the Mayflower Compact to govern themselves. Their survival was aided by the Native American Squanto.
- The Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay colony, seeking to purify the Anglican church and establish a "city on a hill" as an example. Their communities were tightly-knit and emphasized religious conformity.
The document summarizes the key events that led to the American Revolution from 1763 to 1774. It provides background on colonial unrest growing due to new taxes from the British Parliament and King George III's proclamations restricting colonists. This tension escalated through acts like the Stamp Act, Quartering Act, Boston Massacre, and Intolerable Acts. By 1774, the First Continental Congress convened and war appeared inevitable after the Battles of Lexington and Concord.
The document summarizes the 13 colonies that made up British America in the 17th and 18th centuries. It divides the colonies into three regional groups: New England (Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire), Middle (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware), and Southern (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia). For each colony, it provides information on date of founding, major industries, cities, origin of the colony name, and date of statehood. It also describes the climate, economies, and reasons for establishment of each regional group.
Manifest Destiny was the belief in the 1800s that the United States was destined to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean. From 1803 to 1853, the U.S. more than doubled in size through various territorial acquisitions like the Louisiana Purchase, annexation of Texas, and war with Mexico, gaining control of land stretching from coast to coast. This westward expansion was driven by both the desire to spread democracy and economic opportunities like the California Gold Rush of 1849.
The early British colonies were established for economic reasons, with the first being Jamestown in 1607. Tobacco became a profitable crop in Virginia while indentured servitude provided labor. Self-governance emerged through entities like the Virginia House of Burgesses and Mayflower Compact. Puritans founded colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to escape religious persecution in England. The 13 original colonies developed diverse economies while remaining tied to England through the Navigation Acts; however, they gained a growing spirit of self-determination.
The document discusses the events leading up to the American Revolution from the 1700s through the Revolutionary War in the 1770s. It describes how England's debts from the French and Indian War led them to impose taxes on the American colonies through acts like the Stamp Act and Tea Act. Tensions rose and the Boston Tea Party occurred in protest. The Intolerable Acts in response sparked the First Continental Congress and ultimately war between the colonies and Britain, culminating in American independence being recognized in the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
The document provides background information on the French and Indian War (1754-1763), which was a colonial conflict between France and Britain in North America that was part of a larger imperial war between the two powers called the Seven Years' War. It discusses key events that led to the start of the war such as territorial disputes in the Ohio River Valley and George Washington's involvement at Fort Necessity. It also summarizes several major battles during the war including General Braddock's defeat at Fort Duquesne and the massacre of British soldiers at Fort William Henry.
The document summarizes the early English settlement and development of the southern colonies from 1606-1713. It discusses the founding of Jamestown in 1607 by the London Company, the establishment of tobacco as a cash crop there, and the growth of the system of indentured servitude. It also covers the founding of other southern colonies like Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia, the shift to slavery as the main labor source, and events like Bacon's Rebellion that shaped the colonial south.
Andrew Jackson was the 7th US President known for expanding executive power and populism. Under Jackson, the "spoils system" rewarded political supporters with government jobs. He also faced the Nullification Crisis over high tariffs, threatening force against states trying to nullify federal law. Jackson aggressively pursued the forced removal of Native Americans, like the Trail of Tears, to gain more land. His actions increased presidential authority and aligned the government more with common voters over elites.
The Revolutionary War began as tensions rose between the American colonies and Britain following the French and Indian War. Major events escalating the conflict included the Stamp Act and other taxes passed by Britain to raise revenue from the colonies without colonial consent or representation. Key battles included Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, Trenton, Saratoga, and Yorktown, culminating in American victory and independence from Britain as outlined in the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
The French and Indian War Full PresentationRandy Martin
The French and Indian War was a bloody conflict between 1754-1763 that involved France, England, and their respective allies fighting for control of North American territories. The war began as tensions escalated between the French and English over colonial land and wealth. A key early battle was the French victory over George Washington's forces at Fort Necessity in 1754. After several years of fighting, the tide turned in Britain's favor in 1758. The war culminated in a major British victory over the French at Quebec in 1759. The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the war, forcing France to cede its North American lands to Britain.
The New England colonies consisted of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. The climate was colder than other regions due to its northern location, which prevented diseases but also caused severe winters that killed people. The geography was mostly hilly with rocky soil unsuitable for farming, so the economy depended on natural resources like fish, whales, trees, and furs. Shipbuilding, rum production from molasses, and the triangular slave trade were important economic activities. Towns focused on religion, especially Puritanism, and did not tolerate other faiths. Most residents lived in villages and worked small nearby farms or trades.
The document discusses the Lost Colony of Roanoke and early English settlements in North America, including Jamestown. It describes how the Roanoke colony disappeared mysteriously. It then details the founding of Jamestown and the early struggles, including a focus on gold over food that led to famine. John Smith took control and improved relations with the local Powhatan tribe, but tensions rose as colonists demanded tribute and kidnapped Native American children. The discovery of tobacco eventually saved Jamestown. Indentured servitude and slavery arose to supply labor for the tobacco trade. Class divisions worsened over time and led to Bacon's Rebellion against the governor.
The War of 1812 was caused by American grievances against Britain related to impressment and attacks on American ships. Known as the War Hawks, a group in Congress pushed for war. They were opposed by Native American leader Tecumseh, who sought an alliance with Britain. Though the U.S. military was unprepared, battles were fought in Canada and at sea. In 1814, British forces burned Washington D.C., but American forces later won a key victory at the Battle of New Orleans under General Andrew Jackson after the war had ended. The war was concluded in 1815 with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent.
Chapter 2 powerpt - revolution and new nationSandra Waters
This document provides an overview of the American Revolution and early republic. It discusses growing colonial resistance to British rule due to taxes like the Stamp Act and restrictions on western expansion. The Sons of Liberty formed to protest these laws. The Boston Tea Party and Intolerable Acts increased tensions, leading to the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The Second Continental Congress appointed George Washington as commander and fought the British at Bunker Hill. On July 4th, 1776 Congress declared independence from Britain. After difficult battles, American victory at Yorktown in 1781 led to the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognizing US independence. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to calls for a stronger federal government, resulting in the 1
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 balanced the number of free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It also prohibited slavery in territories north of the 36°30' parallel, excluding Missouri. This compromise temporarily resolved the issue of the expansion of slavery but increased sectional tensions and ultimately failed to prevent the Civil War.
During the early to mid-1800s, the United States experienced rapid economic, technological, and population growth that transformed it into a market economy. Key developments included the expansion of commercial farming in the Midwest, the transportation revolution of canals and railroads, the rise of manufacturing in the North, and large-scale immigration. However, this period also saw social tensions emerge between native-born Americans and Catholic immigrants, as well as economic divisions growing between the industrial North and agricultural South. Rapid advances in transportation and communication further integrated the national economy but also exacerbated regional differences leading up to the Civil War.
The document provides a summary of major events and developments in U.S. history from the Renaissance period to modern times. It describes the colonization of North America by European powers, the American Revolution and establishment of independence. It then discusses the creation of the U.S. Constitution and three-branch federal government. Key events covered include westward expansion, the Civil War, Reconstruction, industrialization, U.S. involvement in World Wars I and II, the Cold War, civil rights movement, and modern conflicts. The document traces the growth of the United States from early colonies to a world superpower.
The Articles of Confederation established the first constitution of the United States from 1776-1787. It created a weak central government with a unicameral Congress consisting of one delegate per state and no executive branch. Congress had limited powers and it was difficult to pass laws or amendments. Dissatisfaction grew due to conflicts between states, debt, economic troubles, and uprisings like Shays' Rebellion. This led figures like Hamilton and Madison to call the Philadelphia Convention to draft a new constitution and replace the Articles of Confederation with a stronger central government.
The United States followed a policy of expansionism in the 1800s, adding vast territories like the Louisiana Purchase which doubled the nation's size. While some Americans pushed for reforms like abolishing slavery, the nation was split by the issue of slavery which led to the Civil War. After the war, the US economy boomed as the country industrialized and became a world leader in manufacturing.
The document provides background information on early colonial America, including:
1) The founding and struggles of the first English colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, including the "starving times" where many colonists died.
2) How tobacco became a profitable cash crop in Virginia and shaped its economy and society, leading to the use of indentured servants and later slaves.
3) The founding and development of other English colonies including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia in the 1600s-1700s.
4) Conflicts between colonists and Native Americans over land, including Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.
5) The emergence of slavery as the labor system of the
This document is a series of lecture summaries about the Great Depression and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies in response. It covers the onset of widespread unemployment in the late 1920s, President Hoover's limited efforts to provide relief, the election of FDR and his experimental approach, including creating new agencies and regulations to boost the economy and assist struggling Americans. The summaries also discuss organized labor efforts, agricultural reforms, public works projects, criticisms of the New Deal from both left and right, and the ongoing economic challenges of the era.
This document provides biographies for several speakers at an executive summit. It describes the professional backgrounds and experiences of the speakers, including their roles and accomplishments in higher education, information technology, and consulting. The speakers come from a variety of institutions and have expertise in areas such as administrative computing, information security, networking, and the future of higher education.
Manifest Destiny was the belief in the 1800s that the United States was destined to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean. From 1803 to 1853, the U.S. more than doubled in size through various territorial acquisitions like the Louisiana Purchase, annexation of Texas, and war with Mexico, gaining control of land stretching from coast to coast. This westward expansion was driven by both the desire to spread democracy and economic opportunities like the California Gold Rush of 1849.
The early British colonies were established for economic reasons, with the first being Jamestown in 1607. Tobacco became a profitable crop in Virginia while indentured servitude provided labor. Self-governance emerged through entities like the Virginia House of Burgesses and Mayflower Compact. Puritans founded colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to escape religious persecution in England. The 13 original colonies developed diverse economies while remaining tied to England through the Navigation Acts; however, they gained a growing spirit of self-determination.
The document discusses the events leading up to the American Revolution from the 1700s through the Revolutionary War in the 1770s. It describes how England's debts from the French and Indian War led them to impose taxes on the American colonies through acts like the Stamp Act and Tea Act. Tensions rose and the Boston Tea Party occurred in protest. The Intolerable Acts in response sparked the First Continental Congress and ultimately war between the colonies and Britain, culminating in American independence being recognized in the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
The document provides background information on the French and Indian War (1754-1763), which was a colonial conflict between France and Britain in North America that was part of a larger imperial war between the two powers called the Seven Years' War. It discusses key events that led to the start of the war such as territorial disputes in the Ohio River Valley and George Washington's involvement at Fort Necessity. It also summarizes several major battles during the war including General Braddock's defeat at Fort Duquesne and the massacre of British soldiers at Fort William Henry.
The document summarizes the early English settlement and development of the southern colonies from 1606-1713. It discusses the founding of Jamestown in 1607 by the London Company, the establishment of tobacco as a cash crop there, and the growth of the system of indentured servitude. It also covers the founding of other southern colonies like Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia, the shift to slavery as the main labor source, and events like Bacon's Rebellion that shaped the colonial south.
Andrew Jackson was the 7th US President known for expanding executive power and populism. Under Jackson, the "spoils system" rewarded political supporters with government jobs. He also faced the Nullification Crisis over high tariffs, threatening force against states trying to nullify federal law. Jackson aggressively pursued the forced removal of Native Americans, like the Trail of Tears, to gain more land. His actions increased presidential authority and aligned the government more with common voters over elites.
The Revolutionary War began as tensions rose between the American colonies and Britain following the French and Indian War. Major events escalating the conflict included the Stamp Act and other taxes passed by Britain to raise revenue from the colonies without colonial consent or representation. Key battles included Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, Trenton, Saratoga, and Yorktown, culminating in American victory and independence from Britain as outlined in the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
The French and Indian War Full PresentationRandy Martin
The French and Indian War was a bloody conflict between 1754-1763 that involved France, England, and their respective allies fighting for control of North American territories. The war began as tensions escalated between the French and English over colonial land and wealth. A key early battle was the French victory over George Washington's forces at Fort Necessity in 1754. After several years of fighting, the tide turned in Britain's favor in 1758. The war culminated in a major British victory over the French at Quebec in 1759. The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the war, forcing France to cede its North American lands to Britain.
The New England colonies consisted of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. The climate was colder than other regions due to its northern location, which prevented diseases but also caused severe winters that killed people. The geography was mostly hilly with rocky soil unsuitable for farming, so the economy depended on natural resources like fish, whales, trees, and furs. Shipbuilding, rum production from molasses, and the triangular slave trade were important economic activities. Towns focused on religion, especially Puritanism, and did not tolerate other faiths. Most residents lived in villages and worked small nearby farms or trades.
The document discusses the Lost Colony of Roanoke and early English settlements in North America, including Jamestown. It describes how the Roanoke colony disappeared mysteriously. It then details the founding of Jamestown and the early struggles, including a focus on gold over food that led to famine. John Smith took control and improved relations with the local Powhatan tribe, but tensions rose as colonists demanded tribute and kidnapped Native American children. The discovery of tobacco eventually saved Jamestown. Indentured servitude and slavery arose to supply labor for the tobacco trade. Class divisions worsened over time and led to Bacon's Rebellion against the governor.
The War of 1812 was caused by American grievances against Britain related to impressment and attacks on American ships. Known as the War Hawks, a group in Congress pushed for war. They were opposed by Native American leader Tecumseh, who sought an alliance with Britain. Though the U.S. military was unprepared, battles were fought in Canada and at sea. In 1814, British forces burned Washington D.C., but American forces later won a key victory at the Battle of New Orleans under General Andrew Jackson after the war had ended. The war was concluded in 1815 with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent.
Chapter 2 powerpt - revolution and new nationSandra Waters
This document provides an overview of the American Revolution and early republic. It discusses growing colonial resistance to British rule due to taxes like the Stamp Act and restrictions on western expansion. The Sons of Liberty formed to protest these laws. The Boston Tea Party and Intolerable Acts increased tensions, leading to the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The Second Continental Congress appointed George Washington as commander and fought the British at Bunker Hill. On July 4th, 1776 Congress declared independence from Britain. After difficult battles, American victory at Yorktown in 1781 led to the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognizing US independence. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to calls for a stronger federal government, resulting in the 1
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 balanced the number of free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It also prohibited slavery in territories north of the 36°30' parallel, excluding Missouri. This compromise temporarily resolved the issue of the expansion of slavery but increased sectional tensions and ultimately failed to prevent the Civil War.
During the early to mid-1800s, the United States experienced rapid economic, technological, and population growth that transformed it into a market economy. Key developments included the expansion of commercial farming in the Midwest, the transportation revolution of canals and railroads, the rise of manufacturing in the North, and large-scale immigration. However, this period also saw social tensions emerge between native-born Americans and Catholic immigrants, as well as economic divisions growing between the industrial North and agricultural South. Rapid advances in transportation and communication further integrated the national economy but also exacerbated regional differences leading up to the Civil War.
The document provides a summary of major events and developments in U.S. history from the Renaissance period to modern times. It describes the colonization of North America by European powers, the American Revolution and establishment of independence. It then discusses the creation of the U.S. Constitution and three-branch federal government. Key events covered include westward expansion, the Civil War, Reconstruction, industrialization, U.S. involvement in World Wars I and II, the Cold War, civil rights movement, and modern conflicts. The document traces the growth of the United States from early colonies to a world superpower.
The Articles of Confederation established the first constitution of the United States from 1776-1787. It created a weak central government with a unicameral Congress consisting of one delegate per state and no executive branch. Congress had limited powers and it was difficult to pass laws or amendments. Dissatisfaction grew due to conflicts between states, debt, economic troubles, and uprisings like Shays' Rebellion. This led figures like Hamilton and Madison to call the Philadelphia Convention to draft a new constitution and replace the Articles of Confederation with a stronger central government.
The United States followed a policy of expansionism in the 1800s, adding vast territories like the Louisiana Purchase which doubled the nation's size. While some Americans pushed for reforms like abolishing slavery, the nation was split by the issue of slavery which led to the Civil War. After the war, the US economy boomed as the country industrialized and became a world leader in manufacturing.
The document provides background information on early colonial America, including:
1) The founding and struggles of the first English colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, including the "starving times" where many colonists died.
2) How tobacco became a profitable cash crop in Virginia and shaped its economy and society, leading to the use of indentured servants and later slaves.
3) The founding and development of other English colonies including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia in the 1600s-1700s.
4) Conflicts between colonists and Native Americans over land, including Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.
5) The emergence of slavery as the labor system of the
This document is a series of lecture summaries about the Great Depression and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies in response. It covers the onset of widespread unemployment in the late 1920s, President Hoover's limited efforts to provide relief, the election of FDR and his experimental approach, including creating new agencies and regulations to boost the economy and assist struggling Americans. The summaries also discuss organized labor efforts, agricultural reforms, public works projects, criticisms of the New Deal from both left and right, and the ongoing economic challenges of the era.
This document provides biographies for several speakers at an executive summit. It describes the professional backgrounds and experiences of the speakers, including their roles and accomplishments in higher education, information technology, and consulting. The speakers come from a variety of institutions and have expertise in areas such as administrative computing, information security, networking, and the future of higher education.
The document discusses several topics related to the consolidation of slavery in the American South between 1790 and 1836, including the expansion of cotton and slavery, the Missouri Compromise, American Indian resistance and removal, the experiences of southern slaves and slaveowners, and the tightening grip of the planter class on political power in the region.
This document provides an overview of the development of northern colonies in America from 1640 to 1760, including the establishment of rural societies based around family labor in New England and the middle colonies, the growth of urban areas and elites in port cities, and tensions between hierarchies and notions of equality in northern colonial societies during this period. Key events mentioned include conflicts with Native Americans, the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689, and the Great Awakening religious revival of the early 18th century.
Education and Work on the Global Petroleum Frontier, 1923-1963Michael Dobe, Ph.D.
This document provides an overview of the chapters and structure of a dissertation on the education and training programs implemented by Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) and Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) between 1923-1963. The dissertation will examine how these companies aimed to contain nationalism in Iran and Saudi Arabia through industrial education that slowly trained local workers to replace foreign laborers. Each chapter will analyze the development and impact of the education and training policies and programs during different time periods of the companies' operations.
The document summarizes the early colonial history of the southern colonies of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. It discusses the founding and development of Charleston, the division of North and South Carolina, the establishment of Georgia as a buffer colony, and the rise of the plantation system and slavery in the southern colonies. The use of indentured servants and Native Americans as labor failed, while African slaves succeeded due to the slave trade bringing Africans who were isolated by language and skin color and had little chance of escaping.
The document is a series of lectures about working communities and labor conflicts during the Gilded Age from 1877 to 1893. It discusses neighborhood cultures and working women, the role of religion and saloons in communities, the rise of labor organizations like the Knights of Labor and AFL, and bloody conflicts like the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing and 1892 Homestead Steel Strike between workers and management. The lectures examine how working people formed communities and responded to economic and social conditions of the time through organizations, protests, and strikes.
This document outlines 3 mini-lectures on web services for an M.Ed. program week 4 course: the first lecture discusses creating interactivity, the second focuses on social networking, and the third covers data gathering.
The Middle Colonies consisted of Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York. They had excellent soil and a temperate climate suitable for farming various crops. The colonies attracted diverse immigrant groups due to their religious tolerance and economic opportunities in farming, lumber, and trade. William Penn founded Pennsylvania based on principles of democracy, religious freedom, and equality.
The Middle Colonies included Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware, which had a more diverse society and religious tolerance than New England due to influences from Poland, England, the Netherlands, France, and Germany. The climate supported a longer growing season compared to New England, allowing the Middle Colonies to become the commercial and agricultural center of the 13 colonies known for exporting grains like wheat and rye.
The document summarizes the history of religious freedom and the founding of colonies in New England. It describes how Puritans and Separatists faced persecution in England for their religious beliefs, leading some like the Pilgrims to settle the Plymouth colony in 1620. The Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact to establish a civil government. They received aid from Native Americans like Squanto. Other colonies like Massachusetts Bay and Rhode Island were later founded by other dissenting religious groups seeking freedom to practice as they wished. Conflict sometimes arose between settlers and Native Americans over land, such as in the costly King Philip's War of 1675.
The document provides background on the Puritan vision and struggle in New England, covering their theological roots in Calvinism, the political conditions they faced in England under kings like James I and Charles I, and key figures like Jean Calvin and Oliver Cromwell. It discusses how Puritans sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic influences and establish a godly commonwealth in the New World, fleeing persecution and forming settlements like the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies in the early 1600s.
- The document discusses the settlement of New England by various Protestant groups in the early 1600s, including the Pilgrims who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620 and Puritans who established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629.
- It describes the religious beliefs and practices of the Puritans, as well as their founding of other colonies across New England and conflicts with Native American tribes like the Pequot and Wampanoag.
- Key figures discussed include William Bradford, John Winthrop, Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Metacom (King Philip), and religious leaders like John Calvin whose theology influenced the Puritans.
Although the North American colonies were established with different economies, political systems, and religious values, they would be united by a common language and allegiance to England. The Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther and further developed by John Calvin profoundly shaped early American religious thought. Religious dissenters like the Puritans and Pilgrims fled persecution in England and established colonies in New England, bringing their Calvinist religious ideals with them. The growth and spread of the New England colonies inevitably led to conflicts with Native American tribes like the Pequot and Wampanoag as English settlers expanded further inland.
This document provides an overview of the founding and development of England's 17th century colonies in North America. It summarizes that the colonies developed distinct regional subcultures, including the Chesapeake (Virginia, Maryland), New England (Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island), the Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware), and the Carolinas. Each region struggled with issues of governance, religious diversity, relations with indigenous groups, and the establishment of an economic base as the colonies grew.
The document discusses the settlement of New England by Puritans and Separatists in the early 1600s. It describes their religious beliefs and reasons for leaving England, including establishing self-governing communities. The Mayflower Compact established majority rule for the Plymouth colony. Early colonies like Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay colony established patriarchal societies with authoritarian leadership and strict religious traditions. Dissenters like Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson faced banishment for their divergent religious views. Conflicts with Native Americans increased as colonial settlements expanded.
L ecture1 the beginning of literature in americathreebayar
The document provides historical context on the beginnings of literature in America. It discusses how early American literature was closely tied to English literature, as the earliest settlers brought the English language and books with them and modeled their writing after English authors for nearly 200 years. It was not until the 18th century that some colonial writing began to be considered meritorious in its own right. The document then gives brief overviews of the founding and early settlers of the Jamestown colony in Virginia in 1607 and the Puritan colonization of New England from 1620-1640, noting the different motivations that drove colonization in each region.
The document discusses the settlement of New England by Puritans and Separatists in the early 1600s. It describes the key differences between Puritans and Separatists and their reasons for emigrating from England. The Mayflower Compact established a crude government for the Plymouth colony founded by the Pilgrims in 1620. The Massachusetts Bay colony was established in 1630 and attracted thousands of Puritan migrants fleeing religious turmoil in England. The document outlines the social structure and characteristics of the New England colonies, as well as conflicts with Native Americans.
The document discusses the exploration and colonization of the New World by Spain and England in the 1500s-1600s. It summarizes that Spain's colonization in the 1500s was driven by desires for gold, glory, and spreading Christianity, leading Columbus to discover the Americas in 1492. England's colonization began in the 1600s after defeating Spain's Armada in 1588, with the first permanent English colony being Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. The colonies that developed had different economies, societies, and levels of religious freedom depending on their location.
The document discusses the settlement of New England by Puritans and Separatists in the early 1600s. It describes the Mayflower Compact signed by the Pilgrims in 1620 and the founding of Plymouth Colony. It also covers the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 by Puritans seeking religious freedom. The document outlines the growth and spread of the New England colonies in the 1600s and early conflicts with Native Americans.
The document provides an overview of the key differences among the British colonies in North America, including the Chesapeake (Virginia), New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. It summarizes that the Chesapeake colonies like Virginia relied on tobacco plantations and slavery. The New England colonies such as Plymouth and Massachusetts were founded for religious freedom and had family settlers who farmed. The Middle colonies including Pennsylvania and New York had diverse populations and economies. The Southern colonies resembled Virginia with cash crops like rice and indigo that relied on the slave labor system.
The document discusses the European settlement of North America, explaining that the British North American colonies developed into distinct societies and economies based on the regions of the Chesapeake and Lower South, New England, and the Mid-Atlantic. It provides details on the founding and development of the Virginia, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Carolina, Pennsylvania, and New York colonies, focusing on their religious motivations, political and economic systems, and the rise of slavery.
The New England colonies were founded by religious dissenters seeking freedom to practice their faith. The Pilgrims established Plymouth colony in 1620 and signed the Mayflower Compact to govern themselves. Puritans later founded the Massachusetts Bay colony, attracting over 15,000 immigrants during the Great Migration of the 1630s. Religious intolerance led to the founding of additional colonies, including Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire, which developed early forms of democratic government and separation of church and state. Conflicts with Native Americans erupted into King Philip's War in 1675, resulting in the decline of indigenous populations in New England.
The document provides information on the initial English colonization of North America between 1590-1660. It discusses the social and economic factors driving English expansion, including a growing population and economic decline in England. The poor and unemployed were encouraged to migrate to the New World to escape these problems. Over half a million English migrated during this period, with the poor and indentured servants making up two-thirds. Early colonies like Roanoke and Jamestown struggled at first, facing starvation, disease and conflicts with Native Americans. Tobacco eventually became a lucrative cash crop supporting the Chesapeake colonies' growth. In New England, the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies were established by Puritan religious separatists seeking freedom to practice their
The document provides biographical information about Anne Hutchinson. It states that she was born in England in 1591 and learned from her father, a dissenting minister, to question the religious teachings of the Church of England. After moving to the Massachusetts Bay Colony, she began challenging the Puritan religious authorities by holding meetings where she interpreted the Bible, which went against the norms of the time. As a result, she was tried and banished from the colony in 1638.
The document provides background on the colonial governance of British North America between 1585-1688. It discusses:
1) The royal framework for colonial governance, which included governors appointed by the King, councils that assisted governors, and elected assemblies.
2) Differences in how colonies selected governors and councils, between royal, proprietary, and corporate colonies.
3) Areas of disagreement that emerged between colonists and Britain around the rights of provincial assemblies, similar to tensions over the rights of the British House of Commons.
The Puritans arrived in Massachusetts in 1628 and 1630, establishing the settlements of Salem and Boston respectively. John Winthrop led the second group and hoped Boston would be an example of Christian living. In 1630, Winthrop became governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony and established strict religious laws. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were expelled for their dissenting religious beliefs, leading them to establish Providence and Rhode Island respectively. Other settlements like Hartford and Portsmouth were also established, contributing to New England's growth. However, this expansion caused conflicts with Native Americans over land, culminating in the devastating King Philip's War of 1675.
The document provides information about early English settlements in New England and Virginia in the 1630s. It describes that the Puritans and Separatists disagreed with the Anglican Church in England and founded colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay. The Plymouth colonists signed the Mayflower Compact and had a difficult first winter but survived with help from Squanto. The document also notes differences between Plymouth and Jamestown colonies and discusses the founding of other colonies like Providence and Connecticut.
The document provides an overview of the colonization of America between 1519-1763. It discusses the founding and development of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. Key events included the Protestant Reformation in Europe, the establishment of Jamestown and other colonies, conflicts with Native Americans, the growth of slavery, and the rise of cash crops like tobacco. The economies and societies of the different regions began to take shape during this period.
1) Puritans in England wanted to reform and "purify" the Church of England from the 1560s onward but faced persecution from monarchs like Elizabeth I, James I, and Charles I for challenging the state church.
2) The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between royalists and Puritan/Parliamentary forces, resulting in the execution of Charles I and a Puritan dictatorship under Cromwell.
3) After Cromwell's death, the monarchy was restored under Charles II in 1660, but the Stuart kings' Catholic sympathies continued to threaten Puritan rule in New England until the Glorious Revolution of 1688 established constitutional monarchy.
Similar to Chapter 3 - Settling the Northern Colonies (20)
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
2. The Protestant Reformation Produces
Puritanism
• 1517, Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to
the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral. Luther
had several explosive ideas including…The
Bible alone was the source of God’s word (not
the Bible and the church or pope).
• People are saved simply by faith in Christ
alone (not by faith and good works).
• His actions ignited the Protestant
Reformation.
3. The Protestant Reformation Produces
Puritanism
• John Calvin preached Calvinism which stressed “predestination”
(those going to Heaven or hell has already been determined by
God).Basic doctrines were stated in the 1536 document entitled
Institutes of the Christian Religion.
• Stated that all humans were weak and wicked.
• Only the predestined could go to heaven, no matter what.
• Calvinists were expected to seek “conversions,” signs that they were
one of the predestined, and afterwards, lead “sanctified lives.”
• Calvinists are famous for working hard, dusk to dawn, to “prove”
their worthiness.
• The impact of Calvinism has been vividly stamped on the psyche of
Americans, and been called the “Protestant Work Ethic”
4. The Protestant Reformation Produces
Puritanism
• In England, King Henry VIII was breaking his ties with the
Holy Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s.
• Some people, called Puritans, were influenced to totally
reform (“purify”) the Church of England.
• The Puritans
– Believed that only “visible saints” should be admitted to church
membership.
– Separatists vowed to break away from the Church of
England (AKA, the Anglican Church) because the “saints” would
have to sit with the “damned.” These folks became the Pilgrims.
– King James I, father of the beheaded Charles I, harassed the
Separatists out of England because he thought that if people
could defy him as their spiritual leader, they might defy him as
their political ruler
5. The Great English Migration, ca. 1630–1642
•Much of the early history of the United States was written by New Englanders, who
were not disposed to emphasize the larger exodus of English migrants to the
Caribbean islands. When the mainland colonists declared in dependence in
1776, they hoped that these island outposts would join them, but the existence of
the British navy had a dissuading effect.
6. The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at
Plymouth
• The Pilgrims or Separatists, came from Holland, where they had
fled to after they had left England.
– They were concerned that their children were getting too “Dutchified.”
– They wanted a place where they were free to worship their own
religion and could live and die as good Pilgrims.
• After negotiating with the Virginia Company, the Separatists left
Holland and sailed for 65 days at sea on the Mayflower until they
arrived off the rocky coast of New England in 1620, a trip in which
only one person died and one person was born.
– Less than half of the pilgrims on the Mayflower were actually
Separatists.
– Contrary to myth, the Pilgrims undertook a few surveys before
deciding to settle at Plymouth, an area far from Virginia.
– The Pilgrims became squatters, people without legal right to land and
without specific authority to establish government.
7. The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at
Plymouth
• Captain Myles Standish (AKA, “Captain Shrimp”) proved to be a
great Indian fighter and negotiator.
• Before leaving the ship, the Pilgrims signed the Mayflower
Compact, a set of rules by which to obey.
– Though it wasn’t a constitution, it did set the standard for later
constitutions. It also set the first step toward self-rule in the Northern
colonies.
• In the winter of 1620-21, only 44 of the 102 survived.
• 1621 brought bountiful harvests, though, and the first Thanksgiving
was celebrated that year.
• William Bradford, chosen governor of Plymouth 30 times in the
annual elections, was a great leader, and helped Plymouth to
survive and trade fur, fish, and lumber.
• In 1691, Plymouth finally merged with the Massachusetts Bay
Colony.
8. The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth
• In 1629, some non-Separatist Puritans got a royal
charter from England to settle in the New World.
Secretly, they took the charter with them and
later used it as a type of constitution.
• It was a well-equipped group of 11 ships that
carried about 1,000 people to Massachusetts.
• John Winthrop was elected governor or deputy
governor for 19 years, helping Massachusetts
prosper in fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding.
9. Building the Bay Colony
• Soon after the establishment of the colony, the franchise (right to vote) was extended to all
“freemen,” adult males who belonged to the Puritan congregations (later called
the Congregational Church), making people who could enjoy the franchise about two fifths
of the male population.
– Un-churched men and women weren’t allowed into matters of government.
• The provincial government was not a democracy.
– Governor Winthrop feared and distrusted the common people, calling democracy the
“meanest and worst” of all forms of government.
• Religious leaders wielded powerful influence over the admission to church membership.
• John Cotton, a prominent clergy member, was educated at Cambridge and had immigrated to
Massachusetts to avoid persecution for his criticism of the Church of England.
• However, congregations could hire and fire their ministers at will.
• Still, there were laws to limit Earthly pleasures, such as a fine of twenty shillings for couples
caught kissing in public.
• The Puritan concept of Hell was very serious, frightening, and very real.
– Michael Wigglesworth’s “Day of Doom,” written in 1662, sold one copy for every twenty
people.
10. Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth
• Tensions arose in Massachusetts.
• Quakers were fined, flogged, and/or banished.
• Anne Hutchinson was a very intelligent, strong-willed, talkative woman
who claimed that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the
truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man. A
notion known as “antinomianism”.
– Brought to trial in 1638, Anne boasted that her beliefs were directly from God.
– She was banished from the colony and eventually made her way to Rhode
Island.
– She died in New York after an attack by Indians.
• Roger Williams was a radical idealist hounded his fellow clergymen to
make a clean and complete break with the Church of England.
– He went on to deny that civil government could and should govern religious
behavior.
– He was banished in 1635, and led the way for the Rhode Island colony.
11. Anne
Hutchinson, Dissenter
•Mistress Hutchinson (1591–1643)
held unorthodox views that
challenged the authority of the clergy
and the very integrity of the Puritan
experiment in the Massachusetts Bay
Colony. An outcast in her day, she has
been judged a heroine in the eye of
history. This statue in her
honor, erected in the nineteenth
century, now graces the front of the
Boston, Massachusetts, Statehouse.
12. The Rhode Island “Sewer”
• People who went to Rhode Island weren’t
necessarily similar; they were just unwanted
everywhere else.
• They were against special privilege.
• “Little Rhody” was later known as “the
traditional home of the otherwise minded.”
• It finally secured a charter in 1644.
13. New England Spreads Out
• In 1635, Hartford, Connecticut was founded.
• Reverend Thomas Hooker led an energetic group of Puritans west
into Connecticut.
• In 1639, settlers of the new Connecticut River colony drafted in
open meeting a trailblazing document called the Fundamental
Orders.
– It was basically a modern constitution.
• In 1638, New Haven was founded and eventually merged into
Connecticut.
• In 1623, Maine was absorbed by Massachusetts and remained so
for nearly a century and a half.
• In 1641, the granite-ribbed New Hampshire was absorbed into
Massachusetts.
– In 1679, the king separated the two and made New Hampshire a royal
colony.
14. Seventeenth-Century New
England Settlements
•The Massachusetts Bay Colony
was the hub of New England. All
earlier colonies grew into it; all
later colonies grew out of it.
15. Puritans Versus Indians
• Before the Puritans had arrived in 1620, an epidemic had swept through
the Indians, killing over three quarters of them.
• At first, Indians tried to befriend the Whites.
– Squanto, a Wampanoag, helped keep relative peace.
• In 1637, though, after mounting tensions exploded, English settlers and
the powerful Pequot tribe fought in the Pequot War, in which the English
set fire to a Pequot village on Connecticut’s Mystic River, annihilating the
Indians and bringing about forty years of tentative peace.
– In an attempt to save face, the Puritans did try to convert some of the
Indians, though with less zeal than that of the Spanish and French.
• In 1675, Metacom (called King Philip by the English) united neighboring
Indians in a last-ditched attack that failed.
– The King Philip’s War slowed the colonial western march, but Metacom was
beheaded and quartered and his head was stuck on a sharp pike for all to
see, his wife and son sold to slavery.
16. Attack on a Pequot Fort During the
Pequot War of 1637, engraving by J.
•This was the first war between natives and Europeans in British North America. It culminated in the Puritan militia’s vicious
W. Barber, 1830
burning out and slaughtering of nearly three hundred Pequot men, women, and children. The defeat of the Pequots eliminated
armed re sistance to the new settlements of New Haven and Guildford. The Connecticut Valley would not see significant “Indian
troubles” again for forty years, when the Indians of New Eng land united in their final stand against the encroachments of
English settlers, King Philip’s War. King Philip, also known as Metacom, is shown on the right.
17. Attack on a
Pequot Fort
•This was the first war between natives and Europeans in
British North America. It culminated in the Puritan
militia’s vicious burning out and slaughtering of nearly
three hundred Pequot men, women, and children. The
During the
defeat of the Pequots eliminated armed re sistance to the
new settlements of New Haven and Guildford. The
Connecticut Valley would not see significant “Indian
Pequot War of
troubles” again for forty years, when the Indians of New
Eng land united in their final stand against the
encroachments of English settlers, King Philip’s War. King
Philip, also known as Metacom, is shown on the right.
1637, engravin
g by J. W.
Barber, 1830
18. Seeds of Colonial Unity and
Independence
• In 1643, four colonies banded together to form the New
England Confederation.
– It was almost all Puritan.
– It was weak, but still a notable milestone toward American
unity.
• The colonies were basically allowed to be semiautonomous
commonwealths.
• After Charles II was restored to the British throne, he hoped
to control his colonies more firmly, but was shocked to find
how much his orders were ignored by Massachusetts.
– As punishment, a sea-to-sea charter was given to rival
Connecticut (1662), and a charter was given to Rhode Island
(1663).
– Finally, in 1684, Massachusetts’ charter was revoked.
20. Andros Promotes the First American
Revolution
• In 1686, the Dominion of New England was created to
bolster the colonial defense against Indians and tying
the colonies closer to Britain by enforcing the
hated Navigation Acts.The acts forbade American trade
with countries other than Britain.
• As a result, smuggling became common.
• Head of the Dominion was Sir Edmund Andros.
– Establishing headquarters in Boston, he openly showed his
association with the locally hated Church of England.
– His soldiers were vile-mouthed and despised by
Americans.
21. Andros Promotes the First American
Revolution
• Andros responded to opposition by curbing town
meetings, restricting the courts and the press, and
revoking all land titles.
• He taxed the people without their consent.
• At the same time, the people of England staged
the Glorious Revolution, instating William and
Mary to the crown.
– Resultant, the Dominion of New England collapsed.
– Massachusetts got a new charter in 1691, but this charter
allowed all landowners to vote, as opposed to the previous
law of voting belonging only to the church members.
22. Old Netherlanders at New Netherland
• In the 17th Century, the Netherlands revolted against Spain, and with the help of
Britain, gained their independence.
• The Dutch East India Company was established, with an army of 10,000 men and a
fleet of 190 ships (including 40 men-of-war).
• The Dutch West India Company often raided rather than traded.
• In 1609, Henry Hudson ventured into Delaware and New York Bay and claimed the
area for the Netherlands.
• It was the Dutch West India Company that bought Manhattan Island for some
worthless trinkets (22,000 acres of the most valuable land in the world today).
• New Amsterdam was a company town, run by and for the Dutch company and in
the interests of stockholders.
• The Dutch gave patroonships (large areas of land) to promoters who agreed to
settle at least 50 people on them.
• New Amsterdam attracted people of all types and races.
– One French Jesuit missionary counted 18 different languages being spoken on
the street.
23. Friction with English and Swedish
Neighbors
• Indian’s attacked the Dutch for their cruelties.
• New England was hostile against Dutch growth.
• The Swedes trespassed Dutch reserves from 1638 to
1655 by planting the anemic colony of New Sweden on
the Delaware River.
• Things got so bad that the Dutch erected a wall in New
Amsterdam, for which Wall Street is named today.
• In 1655, the Dutch sent one-legged Peter
Stuyvesant to besiege the main Swedish fort, and he
won, ending Swedish colonial rule and leaving only
Swedish log cabins and place names as evidence that
the Swedes were ever in Delaware.
24. Dutch Residues in New York
• In 1664, Charles II granted the area of modern-day
New York to his brother, the Duke of York, and that
year, British troops landed and defeated the
Dutch, kicking them out, without much violence.
• New Amsterdam was renamed New York.
• The Dutch Legacy
– The people of New York retained their autocratic spirit.
– Dutch names of cities remained, like Harlem, Brooklyn, and
Hell Gate.
– Even their architecture left its mark on buildings.
– The Dutch also gave us Easter eggs, Santa
Claus, waffles, sauerkraut, bowling, sleighing, skating, and
golf.
25. Penn’s Holy Experiment in
Pennsylvania
• The Quakers (characteristics)
– They “quaked” under deep religious emotion.
– They were offensive to religious and civil rule.
– They addressed everyone with simple “thee”s and “thou”s and didn’t
swear oaths because Jesus had said “Swear not at all,” this last part
creating a problem, since you had to swear a test oath to prove that
you weren’t Roman Catholic.
– Though stubborn and unreasonable, they were
simple, devoted, democratic people against war and violence.
• William Penn, a well-born Englishman, embraced the Quaker faith.
• In 1681, he managed to secure an immense grant of fertile land
from the king.
– It was called Pennsylvania, in honor of Penn, who, being the modest
person that he was, had insisted that it be called Sylvania.
– It was the best advertised of all the colonies.
26. Quaker Pennsylvania and Its
Neighbors
• Thousands of squatters already lived in Pennsylvania.
• Philadelphia was more carefully planned than most cities, with beautiful, wide streets.
• Penn bought land from the Indians, like Chief Tammany, later patron saint of New York’s
political Tammany Hall.
– His treatment of the Indians was so gentle that Quakers could walk through Indian
territory unarmed without fear of being hurt.
– However, as more and more non-Quakers came to Pennsylvania, they mistreated the
Indians more and more.
• Freedom of worship was available to everyone except for Jews and Catholics (only because of
pressure from London), and the death penalty was only for murder and treason.
• No restrictions were placed on immigration, and naturalization was made easy.
• The Quakers also developed a dislike toward slavery.
• Pennsylvania attracted a great variety of people from all races, class, and religion.
– By 1700, only Virginia was more populous and richer.
• Penn, unfortunately, was not well-liked because of his friendliness towards James II, the
deposed Catholic king, and he was jailed at times, and also suffered a paralytic stroke, dying
full of sorrows.
• New Jersey and Delaware prospered as well.
27. Quakers in the Colonial Era
•Quakers, or Friends, were renowned for their simplicity of
architecture, dress, manner, and speech. They also distinguished themselves
from most other Protestant denominations by allowing women to speak in
Quaker meetings and to share in making decisions for the church and the
family.
28. The Middle Way in the Middle
Colonies
• New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and PennsylvaniaAll had fertile soil and
broad expanse of land.
• All except for Delaware exported lots of grain.
• The Susquehanna River tapped the fur trade of the interior, and the rivers
were gentle, with little cascading waterfalls.
• The middle colonies were the middle way between New England and the
southern plantation states.
– Landholdings were generally intermediate in size.
• The middle colonies were more ethnically mixed than other colonies.
• A considerable amount of economic and social democracy prevailed.
• Benjamin Franklin, born in Boston, entered Philadelphia as a seventeen-
year-old in 1720 with a loaf of bread under each arm and immediately
found a congenial home in the urbane, open atmosphere of the city.
• Americans began to realize that not only were they surviving, but that
they were also thriving.
30. Makers of America: The English
• In the 1600s, England was undergoing a massive population
boom.
• About 75% of English immigrants were indentured
servants.
• Most of them were young men from the “middling classes.”
• Some had fled during the cloth trade slump in the early
1600s while others had been forced off their land due to
enclosure.
• Some 40% of indentured servants died before their seven
years were over.
• Late in the 17th century, as the supply of indentured
servants slowly ran out, the southerners resolved to
employ black slaves.
31. Makers of America: The English
• From 1629 to 1642, 11,000 Puritans swarmed to the
Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• In contrast to the indentured servants, Puritans migrated in
family groups, not alone.
• Puritans brought the way of life from England with them to
America.
– i.e. Marblehead, Mass. had mostly fishermen because most of
the immigrants had been fisherman in England.
– i.e. Rowley, Mass. brought from Yorkshire, England their
distinctive way of life.
– In Ipswich, Massachusetts, settled by East Anglican Puritans, the
rulers had long terms and ruled with an iron hand.
– However, in Newbury, people rarely won reelection.