1. The document provides a detailed overview of the colonial history of North America from the 15th century through the 1700s, covering major events like the founding of Jamestown, religious dissent in New England, slavery, wars with Native Americans, and the rise of elected assemblies challenging British control.
2. It discusses the founding of colonies by various European powers and the introduction of slavery, as well as religious movements like the Great Awakening that helped shape American identity.
3. By the 1700s colonial populations had grown significantly, and the lower houses of colonial assemblies had gained power at the expense of royal authority, setting the stage for the American Revolution.
Covers the kingdoms that ruled Africa before and at the time of European contact, religious conflict in Europe and in fighting between the English and Spanish nations and the rise of the European powers and their first voyages into the New World.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
3. The Chinese Jump In Admiral Zheng He – Early 1400s 7 expeditions to Indian Ocean. 62 ships, 25,000 men. On 6 th voyage, Zheng He explored East Africa. A show of strength, and not discovery.
4. Slavery 1440s- slavery gets “rediscovered” Sugar industry Islands like Madeira near Mauritania Portuguese create Brazil and by- 1550- 50,000 slaves sent to Sao Tome Spain follows suit starting in the Canary Islands
5. 1492 Christopher Columbus First long term colony 1502 – Nicholas de Ovando- Santo Domingo, D.R. Method - 1. harbors 2. Adelantano - surveyors
6. Disease Exchange The Europeans were vulnerable to diseases too yellow fever The Native Americans were vulnerable to smallpox 1. Central and South American Indian population dropped from a. 20 million to 2 million 2. Native population north of Mexico roughly 1 million
10. The British Colonization Started as pirates – 1578- Seaman Humphrey Gilbert – Assisted by Dr. John Dee – vision of the British Empire Richard Hakluyt- Gilbert
11. Sir Walter Raleigh The “Proto-American” Back story- 1584 – 1 st voyage – Florida Channel to Carolinas 1. July 13, 1584 – found Roanoke Island 1585 – He’s Knighted and given a charter to create a colony to be called Virginia -
12. The Roanoke Experiment 7 ships, and 600 men First effort is a poor result 1587 – A new journey to Roanoke 1. on arrival, they found only 114 colonists left 2. John White becomes governor 3. Meanwhile, the Spanish Armada – threatens 1590 - Delayed return – only to find . . .
13. The Genesis of a New Effort Sir Francis Bacon – new concept for colonies 1. The New Atlantis Religious element needed in next attempt to expand colonies 1. new myth- the English are now God’s chosen people a. Joseph of Arimathea- b. Resist the Catholic Church expansion-
14. New Travelers British Parliament decides to banish the “sturdy beggars” AKA “human offal” North Atlantic fishing – French Samuel Champlain -
15. English Virginia Company Virginia Co. returns to Chesapeake Bay in 1607 – 1. adventurers paid money into stock in VA Co. a. They got 100 acres/share 5/6/1607- 3 VA Co. ships build: Jamestown – Powhattan Indians Capt. John Smith -
16. New VA Co. Expedition Thomas Gates – 500 Indentured Servants – The state of Jamestown on arrival – 3 Relief ships arrive under VA Co. Gov. Lord De La Ware – harsh military style discipline De La Ware
17. The Turnaround John Rolfe – in fear of being punished for idleness he made 1 st – 1. Pocahontas 1619 – Key year 1. July 30, 1619 – General Assembly of Virginia a. Gov. Sir George Yeardley – 1. bicameral legislature 2. August 20, 1619 – 20 indentured servants arrive . . . a. No big numbers of slaves brought in until 1700s
18. The Mayflower 12/11/1620 – Puritan settlers on Mayflower ship 1. Land at Plymouth, MA Mayflower Compact - agreement signed en route
19. MA Bay Colony 4/4/1629 – Founded 1. 1630 – John Winthrop – soon to be governor of Bay Colony 2. 1630s – brought 20,000 to NE
20. Puritans Redeem the Old World with the New One John Winthrop: “We shall be as a City on a Hill” Indians gave them agricultural education
21. John Winthrop MA Colony run as a “dictatorship” Knowledge through reading Bible. Offshoot of the Reformation.
22. Winthrop gets in Trouble 1634 – ignored Assembly Theological battle over salvation
23. Roger Williams Dissents Roger Williams – He said it was sinful to steal Indian land after converting them 1. He believed in separation of Church and State 2. John Winthrop encouraged him to go w/ Indians a. There he set up Providence, RI 1. life in Providence -
24. Religious Freedom 1663 – English King Charles II granted a charter to Williams 1. a government of free and voluntary consent 2. people of different faiths were welcome there
25. Other Cases of Persecution Anne Hutchinson – believed in salvation by grace 1. John Winthrop followed a policy of - excommunication Other dissenters – Dr. John Clarke and Obadiah Holmes 1. They were against infant baptism Clarke
26. Early Universities In Boston Rev. John Harvard – 1636 – built the college to train ministers New Haven, Connecticut – Elihu Yale-
28. Catholics come to Maryland George Calvert – given charter by King James I in 1625 to create A Catholic colony 1633- son Cecil 2 nd Baron Baltimore- Father Andrew White -
29. The Maryland Colony Indentured servants – Lifespan – Womens’ work- Toleration Act – Labadists – 1684 first American Utopians Ephrata Cloister- Rosicrucians, later in PA
30. Primitive Colonial Structure The Dutch and New Amsterdam- founded 5/4/1626 The Carolinas – 1670- Charleston- First North and South Divide emerges
31. Pennsylvania 1682 – PA is founded by William Penn - Quaker- Philadelphia – American individualism – PA as a key colony -
33. American Political Culture English tradition of politics Glorious Revolution of 1688- American colonies got charters, and then . . . Suffrage – Contradiction with slavery?
34. Carolina – The First Slave State Slavers from Barbados – Comparing white indentured servant to a slave – The number of slaves in 1714-
35. Cash Shortage Barter economy – e.g. tuition at Harvard – Colonial script - New Jersey script UK Currency Act of 1764-
36. Pequot War Pequot Indians vs. Mohicans – 1630s Colonial deaths and Massachusetts Gov. response- Pequot payback – 1637- MA and CT w/ Indian allies response – 6/5/1637-
37. More Indian War 1644 – VA on James River Algonquian Chief Opechancanough – Dutch in CT counter -
38. Two Southern Societies Coastal society- Interior groups- Bacon’s Rebellion- 1676 – VA Coasters vs. Interior people VA Gov. Sir William Berkeley – vs. – Nathaniel Bacon -
39. King Philip’s War 1675-1678 Back story: John Elliot converted Algonquian Indians “ Praying Indians ” Real cause of war- King Philip – AKA- “Metacom” – goes on a rampage All of NE was involved
40. Salem Witchcraft Issue Puritan view after King Philip’s War- From 1660 on Britain wanted to regain more power from the colonies But the Glorious Revolution throws Catholic King James II out in England Increase Mather – Back story on witchcraft – 1692 – Daughters of Samuel Parris 1. They listened to the tales of Tituba – a. Tituba admitted-
41. The Hunt and the End Temp. Gov. William Phips – The accused – The result – How it ended – Cotton Mather and dad Increase Mather- Cotton’s fascination w/ the witch issue- Dad Increase said the trials were- 1. Reparations-
42. 1700s Colonial America Where are the people moving to? What did the average person want? Where were the immigrants coming from? German Immigrants
43. Carolina Divided 1691 – the division happens a. Already, slaves outnumber whites Spain got involved with this -
44. Early Slave Revolts 1739- Slaves headed to FL- Stono River Rebellion- 1741- New York fires broke out-
45. Early Georgia English parliament wants a place to send jailed debtors 1732- King George II-
46. Why Colonial Control Did not Work 1750s- Colonies overwhelmingly prosperous 1. 2 million acres, people have tracts of land 2. population over 1 million a. augmented by immigration and high birth rates Growth was of such speed that- the cat was way out of the bag 1. English attempts reign it in-
47. Colonial People Colonial shipyards- Mercantilism becomes obsolete- Avg. American farm- Skilled workers-
48. Rise of Elected Assemblies 1735 John Peter Zenger – England (now the UK)- did not expect to pay for the colonies 1. What did they want? 2. What changed? a. Royal colonies- 1. the power structure-
49. Differences between UK Parliament and Colonial Assembly Constitution- CT- Broke the ice and did something historic 1639- Fundamental Order of Connecticut Genie was out of the bottle 1688- meanwhile back in England – Colonial response -
50. Battle Continues The story of the lower houses of the Assemblies taking control 1. The weapons they used – Suffrage- Further inland-
51. Assembly Power By 1770- the lower houses of the assemblies- 1. What did the small government with limited power allow for?
52. Great Awakening One German immigrant described Philadelphia: a “hell for officials and preachers” American Christianity – Began with thankful German immigrants – “ Pietism ”- Literacy – a. Early education- William Tennant - a. Log College -
53. The Preachers Jonathan Edwards - 1. The legendary “ Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God ” Rejected predestination
56. Enlightenment vs. Religion Samuel Johnson – Morality the same as- Impact on education- Charles Chauncy- founder of later Unitarianism -
57. Affects of Great Awakening People like John Edwards sought a new man with a rebirth Rev 21:5: “Behold, I make all things new.” Pre-Revolutionary event- Rationalism of elites + Great Awakening for the masses = Popular enthusiasm for the revolution