The Age of Exploration was a time period when Europeans began extensively exploring the world through advances in shipbuilding, navigation, and sailing technology. Countries like Portugal and Spain led this exploration, with Portugal finding routes around Africa to India and Spain's Christopher Columbus accidentally discovering the Americas while seeking a western route to Asia. This exploration led to massive exchanges of plants, animals, technologies, and diseases between the Old World and New World, as well as the rise of the transatlantic slave trade through the "Triangular Trade" system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
The French Revolution from 1789-1799 transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic. It was influenced by Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. Economic troubles and poor harvests led to unrest and the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789. A National Assembly declared a constitutional monarchy but divisions grew. Radical Jacobins took power and instituted a Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 under Robespierre, executing thousands. The monarchy was abolished and the First French Republic formed. Napoleon later seized power in a 1799 coup, ending the Revolution.
Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers and explorers who brought much of the Americas under Spanish control following Columbus' discovery. Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico with just 500 men, defeating them at their capital Tenochtitlan after a smallpox epidemic weakened them. Francisco Pizarro similarly conquered the vast Inca Empire in Peru, capturing its emperor Atahualpa and looting its gold before destroying the empire. Both conquests had immense impacts, destroying native civilizations and establishing Spanish rule.
Muckrakers in the early 20th century worked to expose corruption through publications. Jacob Riis documented the poor living conditions of New York City tenements through photographs and writing. Ida Tarbell investigated Standard Oil's monopolistic practices through her articles in McClure's Magazine from 1902 to 1904. Lincoln Steffens wrote about political machine corruption in major cities like St. Louis and New York through works such as "The Shame of the Cities." Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle detailed unsanitary conditions in Chicago meatpacking plants, prompting food safety laws to be passed in 1906.
The American revolutionary war (1775 1783)cati1garcia
The American Revolutionary War began in 1775 due to growing tensions between the American colonies and Great Britain over taxation and lack of representation. Key events that fueled the growing conflict included the Intolerable Acts passed in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party. The Declaration of Independence was ratified in 1776 declaring the colonies independent states. While the British army was powerful, the colonists used guerrilla tactics and received aid from France and Spain to eventually force Britain's surrender at Yorktown in 1781, recognizing American independence in the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
The Middle Colonies were founded in the mid-1600s and were located between New England and the Southern colonies. The Dutch originally founded New York as New Netherland, but it came under English control in 1664. New Jersey was established as a proprietary colony by the Duke of York in the 1660s. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn in 1682 as a place for Quakers to worship freely. The Middle Colonies had a diverse population and economies focused on farming and trade.
The document discusses the Lost Colony of Roanoke and early English settlements in North America, including Jamestown. It describes how the Roanoke colony disappeared mysteriously. It then details the founding of Jamestown and the early struggles, including a focus on gold over food that led to famine. John Smith took control and improved relations with the local Powhatan tribe, but tensions rose as colonists demanded tribute and kidnapped Native American children. The discovery of tobacco eventually saved Jamestown. Indentured servitude and slavery arose to supply labor for the tobacco trade. Class divisions worsened over time and led to Bacon's Rebellion against the governor.
The Age of Exploration was a time period when Europeans began extensively exploring the world through advances in shipbuilding, navigation, and sailing technology. Countries like Portugal and Spain led this exploration, with Portugal finding routes around Africa to India and Spain's Christopher Columbus accidentally discovering the Americas while seeking a western route to Asia. This exploration led to massive exchanges of plants, animals, technologies, and diseases between the Old World and New World, as well as the rise of the transatlantic slave trade through the "Triangular Trade" system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
The French Revolution from 1789-1799 transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic. It was influenced by Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. Economic troubles and poor harvests led to unrest and the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789. A National Assembly declared a constitutional monarchy but divisions grew. Radical Jacobins took power and instituted a Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 under Robespierre, executing thousands. The monarchy was abolished and the First French Republic formed. Napoleon later seized power in a 1799 coup, ending the Revolution.
Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers and explorers who brought much of the Americas under Spanish control following Columbus' discovery. Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico with just 500 men, defeating them at their capital Tenochtitlan after a smallpox epidemic weakened them. Francisco Pizarro similarly conquered the vast Inca Empire in Peru, capturing its emperor Atahualpa and looting its gold before destroying the empire. Both conquests had immense impacts, destroying native civilizations and establishing Spanish rule.
Muckrakers in the early 20th century worked to expose corruption through publications. Jacob Riis documented the poor living conditions of New York City tenements through photographs and writing. Ida Tarbell investigated Standard Oil's monopolistic practices through her articles in McClure's Magazine from 1902 to 1904. Lincoln Steffens wrote about political machine corruption in major cities like St. Louis and New York through works such as "The Shame of the Cities." Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle detailed unsanitary conditions in Chicago meatpacking plants, prompting food safety laws to be passed in 1906.
The American revolutionary war (1775 1783)cati1garcia
The American Revolutionary War began in 1775 due to growing tensions between the American colonies and Great Britain over taxation and lack of representation. Key events that fueled the growing conflict included the Intolerable Acts passed in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party. The Declaration of Independence was ratified in 1776 declaring the colonies independent states. While the British army was powerful, the colonists used guerrilla tactics and received aid from France and Spain to eventually force Britain's surrender at Yorktown in 1781, recognizing American independence in the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
The Middle Colonies were founded in the mid-1600s and were located between New England and the Southern colonies. The Dutch originally founded New York as New Netherland, but it came under English control in 1664. New Jersey was established as a proprietary colony by the Duke of York in the 1660s. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn in 1682 as a place for Quakers to worship freely. The Middle Colonies had a diverse population and economies focused on farming and trade.
The document discusses the Lost Colony of Roanoke and early English settlements in North America, including Jamestown. It describes how the Roanoke colony disappeared mysteriously. It then details the founding of Jamestown and the early struggles, including a focus on gold over food that led to famine. John Smith took control and improved relations with the local Powhatan tribe, but tensions rose as colonists demanded tribute and kidnapped Native American children. The discovery of tobacco eventually saved Jamestown. Indentured servitude and slavery arose to supply labor for the tobacco trade. Class divisions worsened over time and led to Bacon's Rebellion against the governor.
The document provides an overview of American imperialism between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses the expansion of US influence through colonialism in Latin America, Hawaii, Samoa, and Alaska. It also covers the Spanish-American War that resulted in the US acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines from Spain in 1898. Debates emerged over whether to annex the Philippines, and a brutal war broke out as Filipinos resisted American control. Ultimately, the US established colonial rule over its new territories in the aftermath of the war.
The document summarizes key events of the American Revolutionary War between Britain and the colonies:
1) Growing tensions over new taxes like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts led to protests like the Boston Tea Party and Intolerable Acts in response.
2) The First Continental Congress united the colonies in opposition to Britain and the Second Continental Congress established the Continental Army under George Washington.
3) A major turning point was the American victory over British forces at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, which led France to form an alliance with the Americans against Britain.
The Middle Colonies document provides information on the four colonies that made up the Middle Colonies region - New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. It summarizes that the Middle Colonies were settled on rich river lands, making farming and mining important economic activities. It also notes that the English created New York and New Jersey from former Dutch territory, and that William Penn established Pennsylvania to provide refuge for Quakers. The economies of the Middle Colonies relied on both subsistence and commercial farming of crops like wheat, oats, and corn, as well as trade with other colonies facilitated by the region's rivers and harbors.
The French and Indian War began in 1754 due to tensions between France and England over control of North America and trade routes. George Washington was defeated by the French at Fort Necessity, driving the British from the Ohio Valley. The war ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which ceded French North American territories to Britain and Spain and redrew colonial boundaries.
The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising in China in 1900 led by the Righteous and Harmonious Fists secret society, also known as the Boxers, who sought to drive foreign influence from China. Angry mobs killed hundreds of foreigners during the rebellion. While the Chinese government secretly supported the Boxers, an international police force composed of troops from imperialist powers eventually crushed the rebellion. The rebellion encouraged Chinese nationalism despite its failure.
The early British colonies were established for economic reasons, with the first being Jamestown in 1607. Tobacco became a profitable crop in Virginia while indentured servitude provided labor. Self-governance emerged through entities like the Virginia House of Burgesses and Mayflower Compact. Puritans founded colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to escape religious persecution in England. The 13 original colonies developed diverse economies while remaining tied to England through the Navigation Acts; however, they gained a growing spirit of self-determination.
1) The document discusses how the relationship between the English monarchy and Parliament evolved over time, from the Tudors working with Parliament to the civil war that weakened the monarchy's power.
2) It then describes how the Stuarts struggled with Parliament's attempts to limit the monarch's absolute power, leading to the English Civil War and the execution of Charles I.
3) After the restoration of the monarchy, Parliament imposed further conditions that established England as a constitutional monarchy, with the monarch's power constrained by law.
The document summarizes some of the major challenges faced in Europe during the late Middle Ages, including religious crises like the rise of heresies and disputes over the papacy, wars such as the Hundred Years' War between England and France over the French throne and the Wars of the Roses in England over that throne, and the devastating Black Death plague that killed around half of Europe's population and contributed to the collapse of the manorial system.
The document discusses the Seven Years War between the French and English in North America from 1754-1763. It describes how the conflict began over territorial disputes in the Ohio Valley and General Braddock's defeat against the French and Native Americans in 1755. Though the early years of the war went poorly for the British, new Prime Minister William Pitt strengthened Britain's efforts starting in 1757. The British went on to capture key French forts and cities like Quebec and Montreal, defeating the French navy and taking Caribbean colonies to end France's empire in North America by 1763.
The document discusses the expanding role of America as a world power prior to World War 1 due to a desire for global markets and a belief in Anglo-Saxon cultural supremacy. It then provides several examples of American imperialist policies between the 1890s-1910s, including the Spanish-American War leading to U.S. gains of overseas territories, the construction of the Panama Canal, the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, Dollar Diplomacy, and Big Stick Diplomacy during the Roosevelt presidency regarding use of military might to negotiate treaties.
Hogan's History- Age of Exploration & DiscoveryWilliam Hogan
1. The first inhabitants of North America migrated from Asia around 22,000 years ago by crossing a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska during the last Ice Age. The Vikings were also early explorers, establishing communities in North America around 1000 AD.
2. Christopher Columbus received funding for his voyage from Queen Isabella of Spain after being rejected by King John II of Portugal. On his first voyage in 1492, Columbus landed in the Bahamas, believing he had reached Asia.
3. The Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés led the conquest of the powerful Aztec Empire in Mexico in the 1520s with the help of horses, guns, and native allies. Disease and violence brought by the Europeans devast
- The English established their first permanent colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 under the Virginia Company of London. The colony struggled initially with disease and lack of supplies.
- Under the leadership of John Smith, the colony became organized and began growing tobacco for profit. However, after Smith left, the colony suffered through the "Starving Time" winter where few survived.
- The colony stabilized with the arrival of more settlers and supplies. It established the first representative government in America, the House of Burgesses, and became the first English colony to have slaves and indentured servants arrive. Conflict with native Powhatan people continued sporadically.
1.1 spanish french dutch british colonieskellycrowell
Before Columbus arrived in 1492, North America was dominated by diverse indigenous groups with different ways of life. In eastern North America, groups like the Iroquois and Cherokee lived in farming villages, while on the Great Plains the Sioux and Cheyenne hunted buffalo. In central America, the powerful Aztec Empire dominated surrounding groups. After Columbus' arrival, European powers colonized different regions of North America for reasons like finding wealth and converting indigenous peoples to Christianity. The Spanish focused on mining gold and silver in central and South America as well as the southwest US. The French claimed territory from Canada to Louisiana and focused on the fur trade. The Dutch colony of New Amsterdam allowed religious freedom and political participation.
The document discusses various aspects of imperialism and US expansionism between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It describes how the US and European powers practiced imperialism by exerting control over smaller countries for their resources. Specifically, it outlines how the US annexed Hawaii through involvement of missionaries and marines, gained control over Cuba and the Philippines through the Spanish-American War, established spheres of influence over China, and built the Panama Canal to strengthen its global power.
Connecticut was originally inhabited by several Native American tribes like the Mohegan and Pequot. Early European settlers included the Dutch in 1614 and English colonists from Plymouth in 1633. In 1636, Reverend Thomas Hooker led a group from Massachusetts to found Hartford. The three settlements of Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield united in 1639 to form the Connecticut colony with a set of basic laws called the Fundamental Orders, establishing one of the first democratic governments in North America. The economy was based around productive agriculture along the Connecticut River valley and trade of surplus crops, livestock, wood, and furs. Congregationalism became the official and dominant religion.
The document discusses the Articles of Confederation and the problems that arose under that first form of government for the United States. It describes the limited powers granted to the national government and the states' dominance over certain matters. Key issues that weakened the Articles included the inability to tax, lack of control over economic matters, and foreign relations problems due to the nation's lack of unity. The Northwest Ordinance established a process for admitting new states and was one of the Articles' greatest achievements.
The document summarizes the key events that led to the American Revolution. It describes how the French and Indian War increased Britain's debt and caused tensions between the colonies and Britain. It then outlines the major acts passed by Britain, such as the Stamp Act and Intolerable Acts, that angered the colonies by imposing taxes without representation. This led the colonies to unite in protest and hold the First and Second Continental Congresses, culminating in the Declaration of Independence and start of the Revolutionary War.
The British East India Company expanded its control over most of India as the Mughal Empire declined. By the 1850s, the Company ruled India and maintained control through its Indian army, made up of sepoy soldiers. However, in 1857, sepoys rebelled against new Enfield rifles that required biting cartridges greased with animal fat, sparking the Sepoy Mutiny against British rule. The rebellion was crushed, and Britain took direct control over India as resentment between Indians and the British increased.
During the late 19th century, powerful European nations and imperial powers like Great Britain, France, and Germany colonized much of Africa and Asia in pursuit of raw materials, new markets, and national prestige through building overseas empires. This period of imperial expansion, known as the Age of Imperialism, saw European powers divide up Africa at the Berlin Conference without input from Africans. Resistance to imperialism emerged from colonized peoples in places like South Africa, India, and China, but European military superiority allowed them to maintain control over most colonized territories by 1914.
The document discusses John Brown and provides differing perspectives on whether he should be considered a terrorist or patriot. It includes quotes that describe Brown both positively and negatively, and discusses events in Kansas that influenced Brown's later violent acts against pro-slavery forces. The document also examines debates around whether violence can ever be justified against the government or for important political causes.
The document provides an overview of American imperialism between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses the expansion of US influence through colonialism in Latin America, Hawaii, Samoa, and Alaska. It also covers the Spanish-American War that resulted in the US acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines from Spain in 1898. Debates emerged over whether to annex the Philippines, and a brutal war broke out as Filipinos resisted American control. Ultimately, the US established colonial rule over its new territories in the aftermath of the war.
The document summarizes key events of the American Revolutionary War between Britain and the colonies:
1) Growing tensions over new taxes like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts led to protests like the Boston Tea Party and Intolerable Acts in response.
2) The First Continental Congress united the colonies in opposition to Britain and the Second Continental Congress established the Continental Army under George Washington.
3) A major turning point was the American victory over British forces at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, which led France to form an alliance with the Americans against Britain.
The Middle Colonies document provides information on the four colonies that made up the Middle Colonies region - New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. It summarizes that the Middle Colonies were settled on rich river lands, making farming and mining important economic activities. It also notes that the English created New York and New Jersey from former Dutch territory, and that William Penn established Pennsylvania to provide refuge for Quakers. The economies of the Middle Colonies relied on both subsistence and commercial farming of crops like wheat, oats, and corn, as well as trade with other colonies facilitated by the region's rivers and harbors.
The French and Indian War began in 1754 due to tensions between France and England over control of North America and trade routes. George Washington was defeated by the French at Fort Necessity, driving the British from the Ohio Valley. The war ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which ceded French North American territories to Britain and Spain and redrew colonial boundaries.
The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising in China in 1900 led by the Righteous and Harmonious Fists secret society, also known as the Boxers, who sought to drive foreign influence from China. Angry mobs killed hundreds of foreigners during the rebellion. While the Chinese government secretly supported the Boxers, an international police force composed of troops from imperialist powers eventually crushed the rebellion. The rebellion encouraged Chinese nationalism despite its failure.
The early British colonies were established for economic reasons, with the first being Jamestown in 1607. Tobacco became a profitable crop in Virginia while indentured servitude provided labor. Self-governance emerged through entities like the Virginia House of Burgesses and Mayflower Compact. Puritans founded colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to escape religious persecution in England. The 13 original colonies developed diverse economies while remaining tied to England through the Navigation Acts; however, they gained a growing spirit of self-determination.
1) The document discusses how the relationship between the English monarchy and Parliament evolved over time, from the Tudors working with Parliament to the civil war that weakened the monarchy's power.
2) It then describes how the Stuarts struggled with Parliament's attempts to limit the monarch's absolute power, leading to the English Civil War and the execution of Charles I.
3) After the restoration of the monarchy, Parliament imposed further conditions that established England as a constitutional monarchy, with the monarch's power constrained by law.
The document summarizes some of the major challenges faced in Europe during the late Middle Ages, including religious crises like the rise of heresies and disputes over the papacy, wars such as the Hundred Years' War between England and France over the French throne and the Wars of the Roses in England over that throne, and the devastating Black Death plague that killed around half of Europe's population and contributed to the collapse of the manorial system.
The document discusses the Seven Years War between the French and English in North America from 1754-1763. It describes how the conflict began over territorial disputes in the Ohio Valley and General Braddock's defeat against the French and Native Americans in 1755. Though the early years of the war went poorly for the British, new Prime Minister William Pitt strengthened Britain's efforts starting in 1757. The British went on to capture key French forts and cities like Quebec and Montreal, defeating the French navy and taking Caribbean colonies to end France's empire in North America by 1763.
The document discusses the expanding role of America as a world power prior to World War 1 due to a desire for global markets and a belief in Anglo-Saxon cultural supremacy. It then provides several examples of American imperialist policies between the 1890s-1910s, including the Spanish-American War leading to U.S. gains of overseas territories, the construction of the Panama Canal, the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, Dollar Diplomacy, and Big Stick Diplomacy during the Roosevelt presidency regarding use of military might to negotiate treaties.
Hogan's History- Age of Exploration & DiscoveryWilliam Hogan
1. The first inhabitants of North America migrated from Asia around 22,000 years ago by crossing a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska during the last Ice Age. The Vikings were also early explorers, establishing communities in North America around 1000 AD.
2. Christopher Columbus received funding for his voyage from Queen Isabella of Spain after being rejected by King John II of Portugal. On his first voyage in 1492, Columbus landed in the Bahamas, believing he had reached Asia.
3. The Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés led the conquest of the powerful Aztec Empire in Mexico in the 1520s with the help of horses, guns, and native allies. Disease and violence brought by the Europeans devast
- The English established their first permanent colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 under the Virginia Company of London. The colony struggled initially with disease and lack of supplies.
- Under the leadership of John Smith, the colony became organized and began growing tobacco for profit. However, after Smith left, the colony suffered through the "Starving Time" winter where few survived.
- The colony stabilized with the arrival of more settlers and supplies. It established the first representative government in America, the House of Burgesses, and became the first English colony to have slaves and indentured servants arrive. Conflict with native Powhatan people continued sporadically.
1.1 spanish french dutch british colonieskellycrowell
Before Columbus arrived in 1492, North America was dominated by diverse indigenous groups with different ways of life. In eastern North America, groups like the Iroquois and Cherokee lived in farming villages, while on the Great Plains the Sioux and Cheyenne hunted buffalo. In central America, the powerful Aztec Empire dominated surrounding groups. After Columbus' arrival, European powers colonized different regions of North America for reasons like finding wealth and converting indigenous peoples to Christianity. The Spanish focused on mining gold and silver in central and South America as well as the southwest US. The French claimed territory from Canada to Louisiana and focused on the fur trade. The Dutch colony of New Amsterdam allowed religious freedom and political participation.
The document discusses various aspects of imperialism and US expansionism between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It describes how the US and European powers practiced imperialism by exerting control over smaller countries for their resources. Specifically, it outlines how the US annexed Hawaii through involvement of missionaries and marines, gained control over Cuba and the Philippines through the Spanish-American War, established spheres of influence over China, and built the Panama Canal to strengthen its global power.
Connecticut was originally inhabited by several Native American tribes like the Mohegan and Pequot. Early European settlers included the Dutch in 1614 and English colonists from Plymouth in 1633. In 1636, Reverend Thomas Hooker led a group from Massachusetts to found Hartford. The three settlements of Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield united in 1639 to form the Connecticut colony with a set of basic laws called the Fundamental Orders, establishing one of the first democratic governments in North America. The economy was based around productive agriculture along the Connecticut River valley and trade of surplus crops, livestock, wood, and furs. Congregationalism became the official and dominant religion.
The document discusses the Articles of Confederation and the problems that arose under that first form of government for the United States. It describes the limited powers granted to the national government and the states' dominance over certain matters. Key issues that weakened the Articles included the inability to tax, lack of control over economic matters, and foreign relations problems due to the nation's lack of unity. The Northwest Ordinance established a process for admitting new states and was one of the Articles' greatest achievements.
The document summarizes the key events that led to the American Revolution. It describes how the French and Indian War increased Britain's debt and caused tensions between the colonies and Britain. It then outlines the major acts passed by Britain, such as the Stamp Act and Intolerable Acts, that angered the colonies by imposing taxes without representation. This led the colonies to unite in protest and hold the First and Second Continental Congresses, culminating in the Declaration of Independence and start of the Revolutionary War.
The British East India Company expanded its control over most of India as the Mughal Empire declined. By the 1850s, the Company ruled India and maintained control through its Indian army, made up of sepoy soldiers. However, in 1857, sepoys rebelled against new Enfield rifles that required biting cartridges greased with animal fat, sparking the Sepoy Mutiny against British rule. The rebellion was crushed, and Britain took direct control over India as resentment between Indians and the British increased.
During the late 19th century, powerful European nations and imperial powers like Great Britain, France, and Germany colonized much of Africa and Asia in pursuit of raw materials, new markets, and national prestige through building overseas empires. This period of imperial expansion, known as the Age of Imperialism, saw European powers divide up Africa at the Berlin Conference without input from Africans. Resistance to imperialism emerged from colonized peoples in places like South Africa, India, and China, but European military superiority allowed them to maintain control over most colonized territories by 1914.
The document discusses John Brown and provides differing perspectives on whether he should be considered a terrorist or patriot. It includes quotes that describe Brown both positively and negatively, and discusses events in Kansas that influenced Brown's later violent acts against pro-slavery forces. The document also examines debates around whether violence can ever be justified against the government or for important political causes.
The document summarizes several key battles and events of the American Revolutionary War. It describes Lexington and Concord where colonial militias surprised the British troops. It also discusses the Battle of Bunker Hill, where both sides claimed victory. Later, the document outlines the British capture of New York City and the American victory at Trenton. It then discusses the British taking of Philadelphia and the important American victory at Saratoga. The document notes the hardships faced by soldiers, members of Congress, and civilians during the war. It highlights the roles of Friedrich von Steuben in training the Continental Army and the Marquis de Lafayette in securing French support. Finally, it summarizes the decisive American-French victory at York
The document discusses different types of classroom discussions and questioning techniques to make discussions more meaningful. It contrasts teacher-guided versus student-guided discussions, with the latter being more natural and allowing students to discover information on their own. The document also introduces Question-Answer Relationships (QARs) as a framework for students to critically analyze texts and ask thoughtful questions. It describes two categories of questions - questions where the answer is directly in the text, and questions that require the student's own thoughts and experiences to answer.
John C. Fremont led an unauthorized exploration through Alta California, a Mexican province, and seized Sonoma where American settlers proclaimed independence as the Bear Flag Republic. Stephen Kearney marched from Kansas to New Mexico and California, taking control of California and joining Fremont. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna used President Polk to regain the Mexican presidency and control of the military but ultimately lost the war and was forced to sign the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 was an early instance of colonial defiance of authority. The Navigation Acts restricted colonial trade and empowered British officials to search colonists' homes. The French and Indian War led to new taxes like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, angering colonists and leading to boycotts. The Boston Tea Party and Intolerable Acts further increased tensions, culminating in the battles of Lexington and Concord which began the Revolutionary War. The Second Continental Congress established the Continental Army under George Washington and issued the Olive Branch Petition, while Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" advocated independence in 1776, which was declared that same year.
Brief presentation about the coming of the Civil War from 1856 - 1860. Including Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Dred Scott, Harpers Ferry, and the Election of 1860.
1. During Reconstruction, small farmers known as scalawags changed from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party to gain economic and political advantages since Republicans were in power and controlling Reconstruction.
2. Governments during Reconstruction faced challenges in rebuilding the South including financing spending, poor credit, and conflicting goals within the Republican Party. They addressed economic and social problems through public works programs, schools, and aid for freed slaves.
3. The Freedmen's Bureau helped reunite families and established schools while African American churches served important social, educational, and leadership roles in the community during Reconstruction.
1) The rise of violent white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan led to intimidation and violence against Republican voters, especially African Americans in the South.
2) Attempts by Southern Democrats to regain political control through intimidation of Republican voters succeeded in Mississippi, Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.
3) The end of Reconstruction was marked by the Compromise of 1877, which withdrew federal troops from the South, allowing home rule to be restored under Democratic white supremacist governments.
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 established that any new states admitted to the union would enter in pairs, with one being a slave state and one being a free state. It also drew a line at the 36°30' parallel, with slavery being permitted south of this line and prohibited north of it. The Compromise of 1850 introduced the concept of "popular sovereignty," allowing settlers in New Mexico and Utah territories to decide the status of slavery themselves. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required the return of escaped slaves and penalized those who helped fugitive slaves. This further increased tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War.
AP Macroeconomics Expectations - Fall 2016Matthew Caggia
This document outlines the expectations, policies, and resources for an AP Macroeconomics class. It includes the teacher's mission and vision to increase student achievement and understanding of the broader world. Students are expected to be responsible for their own grades, learning, and actions. Assessments will include tests, projects, and homework, with grades calculated on a standard A-F scale. The document provides details on attendance, late work, academic honesty, and other policies to maximize learning. Resources like the class website and Google Classroom are listed to support students.
Civics & Economics Expectations - Fall 2016Matthew Caggia
This document outlines the expectations, policies, and resources for a Civics and Economics class. It includes information about the teacher's vision and core beliefs, which focus on providing standards-based learning to increase student achievement and help students become productive citizens. It also details availability for tutorials, required supplies, online resources, an overview of the course content, grading policies, class rules, and expectations around attendance, late work, and academic honesty.
The Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862-1865 chartered the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads to build the transcontinental railroad. The railroads received loans of $16,000-$48,000 per mile of track laid and 10 square miles of land for each mile built. The railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the eastern and western United States by rail and enabling the transport of cattle from Texas to markets in the central plains. Ranchers began fencing in their land with barbed wire and raising more docile breeds of cattle as long cattle drives became impractical. Farming technologies like steel plows, mechanical reapers, and grain drills helped make farming the prairie lands viable.
The document summarizes the settlement of the American West between 1865 and 1890. It describes how the frontier pushed westward due to the Homestead Act, transcontinental railroad, mining, cattle ranching, and farming. It also discusses the subduing of Native Americans through broken treaties and warfare, which resulted in their confinement to reservations by 1890. The closing of the frontier by 1890 marked the end of an era in American history.
The U.S. experience in settling the West. Covers Indian wars, rail roads and up to election of 1896. My thanks to Gennie Holcomb for providing framework material for the presentation.
Mining and railroads transformed the American West in the late 1800s. Gold and silver strikes attracted miners who established boomtowns near mining sites. The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 connected the West to markets and further accelerated settlement. Native Americans struggled as settlers encroached on their lands, breaking treaties. Battles like the Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee marked the decline of Native cultures. At the same time, cattle ranching became a major industry on the open range of the West.
Mining and railroads transformed the American West in the late 1800s. Gold and silver strikes attracted miners who established boomtowns near mining sites. The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 connected the West to markets and further accelerated settlement. Native Americans struggled as settlers encroached on their lands, breaking treaties. Battles like the Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee marked the decline of Native cultures. At the same time, cattle ranching became a major industry on the open range of the West.
Mining and railroads transformed the American West in the late 19th century. Gold and silver strikes attracted miners who established boomtowns near mining sites. The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 connected the West to markets and facilitated further settlement. Farming on the plains was difficult due to scarce water and unpredictable weather, and many homesteaders could not last the required 5 years to own their land. Native Americans struggled as settlers and loss of buffalo encroached on their traditional lands and way of life.
The document summarizes the history of the American West from the 1800s. It describes how Native Americans lived on the plains and hunted buffalo before settlers arrived. It then discusses the influx of settlers after gold was discovered, their conflicts with Native Americans over land, and key events like the Sand Creek Massacre. It also outlines the rise of cattle ranching and the end of the frontier period in the late 1800s.
The document summarizes the clash of cultures between Native Americans and settlers on the Great Plains in the late 19th century. As settlers moved west and claimed Native American land, the government forced tribes onto reservations, leading to conflicts like the Sand Creek and Little Bighorn massacres. Later policies like the Dawes Act further disrupted Native American tribes and culture by breaking up reservations. The final clash was the Wounded Knee Massacre, which largely ended the Indian Wars. Meanwhile, cattle ranching expanded on the plains with the establishment of the cowboy culture and trails like the Chisholm Trail to drive cattle to markets.
The document discusses the mistreatment of Native Americans by the U.S. government in the 19th century, including the forced removal of tribes from their lands, broken treaties, massacres like the Sand Creek Massacre, and the failed reservation system. It also covers the expansion of white settlers into the West and conflicts with Plains Indians, the destruction of the bison herds, and the eventual subjugation of Native Americans onto reservations by the late 1800s.
The document summarizes the key developments in mining and settlement in the American West between 1850-1900. It describes how the discovery of gold and silver in places like Virginia City led to boomtowns. Technological advances like barbed wire, steel plows and windmills helped enable large-scale farming on the plains. The Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged western expansion by offering settlers land. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 further transformed the region. However, this influx of settlers and depletion of buffalo herds by hunters caused conflicts with Native Americans over land, leading to events like the Battle of Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee Massacre.
The document discusses several key factors that influenced the post-Civil War expansion and settlement of the American West:
1) Ideologies like Manifest Destiny and nationalism guided westward expansion, as the US sought to expand its territory across the continent.
2) New legislation like the Homestead Act of 1862 offered free or cheap land, incentivizing farmers to settle the West. Transcontinental railroads also promoted western migration.
3) Conflict arose as white settlers pushed onto lands inhabited by Native Americans, leading to a series of Indian Wars as the US military forced tribes onto reservations to make way for expansion.
The document summarizes the settlement and development of the American West from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. It describes how the Gold Rush spurred rapid growth of mining towns, the introduction of barbed wire and mechanized farming equipment that transformed agriculture, and the passage of the Homestead Act that encouraged western migration. It also discusses the building of the transcontinental railroad, U.S. policy towards Native Americans including battles over land and the destruction of the buffalo, and the subjugation of tribes to reservations.
The document discusses the settlement and development of the American West in the late 19th century. It describes how the Gold Rush led to a boom in towns like Virginia City. Technological advancements like barbed wire and steel plows helped farmers cultivate land. The Homestead Act encouraged western expansion. The transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869. Conflict arose between settlers and Native Americans over land, culminating in battles like Little Bighorn. Assimilation policies sought to absorb indigenous peoples into white culture. By 1890, the frontier was declared closed as the census announced its end.
The document summarizes 12 key dates in the settlement of the American West between 1837-1890. It describes major events like the 1837 financial crisis that pushed people west, the 1848 California Gold Rush that greatly increased western migration, the 1862 Homestead Act that encouraged settlement of the Great Plains, the 1864 Sand Creek Massacre where hundreds of Native Americans were killed, the 1869 completion of the Transcontinental Railroad that reduced travel time and connected the east and west, and the 1890 Battle of Wounded Knee which marked the end of Native American resistance to U.S. control of the Great Plains.
Westward expansion after the civil warBlake Harris
Westward expansion transformed America after the Civil War through mining, railroads, cattle ranching, and homesteading. The transcontinental railroad connected the country, while mining for gold and other metals led to boomtowns. Cattle drives and cowboys supported the beef industry. The Homestead Act encouraged settlement of the Great Plains, though conflicts arose with Native Americans over land. Native Americans faced difficulties on reservations and conflicts like the Battle of Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee massacre.
The document summarizes the culture of Plains Indians like the Sioux, their nomadic lifestyle following buffalo herds, and their political/social organization. It then describes how westward expansion of white settlers through Manifest Destiny brought increasing violent conflict with Native Americans over land. As settlers encroached on hunting grounds, broken treaties sometimes forced relocation of tribes. Notable uprisings included the Dakota Sioux in 1862 and Lakota Sioux defense of territory led by chiefs like Red Cloud. Later peace efforts through reservations failed due to poverty and corruption, leading to later wars in the 1870s as Native Americans left reservations and buffalo herds disappeared. A major battle was the defeat of Custer at Little Bigh
The culture of the Plains Indians declined as white settlers transformed the Great Plains, pushing the Indians off their lands. Meanwhile, farmers formed the Populist movement to address their economic concerns arising from the settlement of the West. As settlers moved west and claimed more land, conflicts increased between Native Americans and settlers who wanted to own the land.
The document summarizes key events in the American West between 1865-1890. It describes the destruction of the buffalo, conflict between Native Americans and settlers over land, and massacres like Sand Creek and Wounded Knee. It also discusses the cattle industry, homesteading, railroads, agricultural colleges, economic struggles of farmers, the rise of the Populist movement and party, and their platform which called for bimetallism and financial reforms to help farmers.
The document summarizes key events in American history related to westward expansion between the late 1800s and early 1900s. It describes how the culture of Plains Indian tribes declined as white settlers moved onto their lands, forcing tribes onto reservations. Settlers engaged in mining, ranching and farming on the Great Plains, transforming the land, despite facing many hardships. Farmers organized through alliances and populism to advocate for their economic interests against railroads and other industries they felt were exploiting them.
The document provides an overview of how mining, ranching, and railroads transformed the American West in the late 1800s. It describes how the discovery of minerals like gold and silver led to mining booms and the growth of boomtowns. Meanwhile, the cattle industry expanded across the Great Plains, relying on cowboys to drive cattle to markets. To facilitate transportation, the first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the eastern and western United States by rail. Western expansion put pressure on Plains Indian tribes, leading to conflicts as settlers encroached on their lands.
Congress promoted westward expansion through land grants and incentives like the Homestead Act. This caused a massive migration to the West, including ex-slaves and Mormons fleeing persecution. Native American tribes inhabited the Great Plains but faced increasing conflicts with settlers over land. Notable clashes included the Sand Creek and Little Bighorn massacres, hardening white attitudes. The 1887 Dawes Act tried to assimilate Native Americans by allotting reservation land, but failed to solve the underlying issues.
Reconstruction aimed to politically and economically rebuild the South after the Civil War. Lincoln's lenient Ten Percent Plan failed due to congressional opposition. Andrew Johnson also pursued a lenient presidential reconstruction, opposing civil rights for freedmen. Johnson vetoed the Freedman's Bureau Bill and Civil Rights Act of 1866. In response, Congress passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867, dividing the South into military districts overseen by the Union and protecting freedmen's civil rights. Southern resistance emerged through black codes, Jim Crow laws, and violent groups like the KKK. Reconstruction declined due to northern corruption, economic troubles, and the Compromise of 1877 which ended federal protection and allowed white "Redemption" in the South.
The document outlines several long-term causes that contributed to sectionalism and tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War. This included economic differences, with the North being more industrial and urban while the South relied on agriculture and slavery. Attempts at political compromises over the issue of slavery spreading to new territories, such as the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, failed to resolve the core disagreements and in some cases exacerbated tensions. Key events like the Dred Scott decision and the election of Abraham Lincoln, who opposed the expansion of slavery, increased Southern fears and led several states to secede from the Union after Lincoln's election, marking the start of the Civil War.
The document discusses the three aspects of Reconstruction - political, economic, and social rebuilding - and how they differed. It then examines Abraham Lincoln's lenient reconstruction plan, Andrew Johnson's more lenient presidential reconstruction plan, and the Radical Republican's harsher Reconstruction Act of 1867. The act divided the South into military districts and imposed requirements to rejoin the Union. However, southern resistance through black codes, Jim Crow laws, and violence like the Ku Klux Klan undermined Reconstruction. Northerners eventually lost interest due to corruption scandals and economic troubles. The disputed 1876 election was resolved by the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South.
The Economic Way of Thinking Part 1 v2.pptxMatthew Caggia
An introduction to Economics. Thinking like an economist is different than more conventional, everyday thinking. We may use the same words but use them differently, or we may use the same ideas and use different terms.
The Economic Way of Thinking Part 2 New Look.pptxMatthew Caggia
The document discusses key concepts of economic systems and economic thinking. It explains that people create economic systems to influence choices and incentives. It also discusses that people gain from voluntary trade, that people's choices have consequences for the future, and that economic thinking involves considering marginal changes. The document tests the reader's understanding of these concepts.
This document discusses the song "Strange Fruit" and its history and impact. It describes how teacher Abel Meeropol wrote the poem after seeing a photograph of a lynching, publishing it under a pseudonym. Jazz singer Billie Holiday later set it to music, performing it and bringing attention to its graphic imagery depicting lynchings in the South and condemnation of Jim Crow laws. Though initially a protest song, over time it has come to memorialize a tragic period in history, while still felt as emotionally powerful by listeners today across different genres of music that have covered the song.
The document outlines 10 principles of economics according to a chapter on the main ideas of economics. It discusses that economics studies human behavior in relation to scarcity and trade-offs between unlimited wants and limited resources. It also explains that people respond rationally by acting in their perceived best interest and considering opportunity costs when making decisions. Finally, it discusses how people interact through markets and trade, and how governments and monetary policy can impact an overall economy's production and standard of living.
The Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890 provided land grants to states to establish colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts. The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 encouraged the building of the transcontinental railroad, which was completed in 1869 at Promontory Point, Utah. The Homestead Act and new technologies like the windmill, seed drill, and barbed wire encouraged western expansion by making farming on the Great Plains possible. The Morrill Acts established land grant colleges that still educate farmers today.
6 important events of the Civil War. Many would argue that there are many more important events or there are others that may be more important - and could not disagree - but these events get to t he heart of what we need to know for the EOC.
The document outlines both long term and immediate causes of the Civil War, including the key differences between the economies and views on slavery in the North and South regions, several attempts at political compromises over the issue of slavery and new western territories in the 1820 Missouri Compromise, 1850 Compromise, and 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act, the violence in "Bleeding Kansas" as both sides fought over the slavery issue in the new state, the 1857 Dred Scott Supreme Court decision denying black citizenship and Congress's right to regulate slavery, and Lincoln's election in 1860 which caused southern states to begin seceding from the Union out of fears he would end slavery.
Supreme Court Cases - For Florida US HistoryMatthew Caggia
The quickest of reviews of the main ideas regarding 10 Supreme Court Cases to prepare, last minute, for the Florida, US History, End of Course (EOC) Exam.
1. Businesses need labor as both a factor of production and to create demand from workers' wages.
2. Labor unions aim to improve wages and conditions for workers by giving them more negotiating power collectively than as individuals. They operate at local, national, and international levels.
3. Collective bargaining involves negotiation between union and management representatives to reach a compromise agreement, and may include mediation or arbitration if negotiation fails. Both sides use various tactics like strikes or lockouts to achieve their goals during disputes.
The Holocaust began in 1933 with the establishment of Dachau concentration camp and the Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses. Over the next several years, the Nazi regime passed numerous anti-Jewish laws that stripped Jews of their rights and freedoms. Events like the book burnings of 1933 and Kristallnacht pogrom in 1938 increased the persecution of Jews. The Wannsee Conference in 1942 formalized the "Final Solution" which systematized the genocide of European Jews through ghettos, concentration camps, forced labor camps, transit camps, and killing centers.
Introduction to Demand and the difference between Demand and Quantity Demanded. Including the impact prices have on Quantity and the Determinants of Demand.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
2. 1598: Introduction of the Horse
Introduced by the Spanish
Increased distances traveled
Combined with introduction of guns, many Great
Plains Native-Americans left their settlements to
roam the plains and hunt buffalo
Increased mobility led to increased conflict with other
Native-Americans as they fought for hunting grounds
3. 1858: Gold Discovered in Colorado
Tens of thousands of
miners move into the
region
Mining settlements pop
up on hunting grounds
creating conflict with
Native-Americans
4. 1862: Homestead Act
160 acres of free land to
any citizen, head of
household
600,000 families took
advantage of the offer
Thousands were
exodusters
Private speculators,
railroad agents, and state
agents took advantage of
the free government land
diverting from its intended
purpose
Cattlemen fenced open
lands
Miners and woodcutters
claimed national
resources
5. 1862: Pacific Railway Act
Passed during the Civil War encouraged a trans-
continental railroad
Planned to cut across the Great Plains
Becomes a series of acts passed in 1863, 1864, and
1865
Allowed for 5sq mi adjacent to each side of every
mile of track
6. 1864: Sand Creek Massacre
Cheyenne return to their
reserve under the
protection of the US
government
General Curtis ordered
Colonel Chivington
inflict “suffering” on the
Cheyenne
Chivington killed over
150 inhabitants at Sand
Creek (Colorado),
mostly women and
children
7. 1868: Treaty of Fort Laramie
In response to fighting
on the Bozeman Trail,
US forces the Treaty on
the Sioux
The Sioux were forced
to live on a reservation
along the Missouri RIver
8. 1874: Red River War
6 years of raiding by the
Kiowa and Comanche
US Army rounded up
friendly tribes onto
reservations
Opened fire on
unfriendly tribes
General Philip
Sherman: “destroy their
villages and ponies, kill
and hang all warriors,
and bring back all
women and children.”
9. 1876: Battle of Little Big Horn
Custer’s Last Stand
To support the migration
of gold miners into the
west, General Custer
enforced confinement of
Native Americans and
defended Americans
Led by Crazy Horse,
Gall, and Sitting Bull,
Native-Americans
ambushed Custer’s
forces and killed his
entire Seventh Cavalry
10. 1886: Demise of the Buffalo
Buffalo hunting became
a sport for eastern
Americans
Buffalo hides fetched a
high price back east
The livelihood of Great
Plains Indians was
hunted to extinction
11. 1887: Dawes Act
Goal to “Americanize”
Native-Americans
(assimilation)
Broke up reservations and
gave land to individual
Native-Americans (160
acres to each head of
household, or 80 acres to
each unmarried adult)
Remaining land would be
sold to settlers; money
would be used to buy farm
implements by Native-
Americans
12. 1890: Battle of Wounded Knee
Seventh Cavalry
rounded up starving and
freezing Sioux
Soldiers demanded they
turn over their weapon
A shot was fired, the
soldiers opened fire
slaughtering 300
unarmed Native-
Americans
This ended the era of
Indian Wars