Occupational health is an important branch of community health that deals with promoting worker health and safety. It was originally focused on factories and mines but now covers all employment sectors. The goals of occupational health are to maintain high physical, mental, and social well-being for workers; prevent health issues from working conditions; and protect workers from risks in their employment. Common occupational hazards include physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, psychosocial, and radiation-related risks. Preventive measures include medical examinations, hazard controls, safety training, and legislative protections. Occupational health nursing plays a key role in prevention, treatment, education, management, coordination, advising, and research activities to support worker health.
This document discusses occupational hazards and diseases. It begins by defining occupational environment and describing the three main types of interactions: between people and physical/chemical/biological agents, between people and machines, and between people. It then examines several specific occupational hazards and diseases in more detail, including: pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis, lead poisoning, occupational cancer, dermatitis, and radiation hazards. Prevention strategies are outlined for many of these conditions.
This document discusses occupational health hazards. It notes that occupational health deals with health issues that arise specifically from occupations, such as asbestosis from asbestos exposure. It discusses workplace regulations regarding minimum space per worker and notes how some employers try to avoid these. Various occupational health hazards, diseases, causal agents, and affected body systems are outlined. The roles and shortcomings of various organizations responsible for occupational health are examined.
This document provides an introduction to occupational health, including its history, definition, and providers in Malaysia. It discusses how Ramazini in the 18th century is considered the father of occupational medicine and emphasized obtaining occupational history. Occupational health aims to promote worker health and prevent work-related illness or injury. In Malaysia, key organizations that provide occupational health services include the Department of Occupational Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, and Social Security Organization.
This document defines key terms and concepts related to occupational health and safety. It discusses occupational health as promoting worker health through prevention, protection, and rehabilitation. Ergonomics is defined as adapting work to humans. Common occupational hazards include physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial factors. Diseases and injuries can result from exposures to these hazards. The document emphasizes applying principles of prevention, health monitoring, and education to promote occupational safety and health.
Services entrusted with essentially preventive functions and responsible for advising employers, workers, and their representatives in the undertaking of the requirements for establishing and maintaining a safe and healthy working environment, which will facilitate optimal physical and mental health in relation to work and the adaptation of work to the capabilities of workers in light of their state of physical and mental health.
The ILO estimates that only 5-10% of workers in developing countries and 20-50% of those in industrialized countries have access to adequate OHSs.
Further, the levels of OHS coverage have not changed significantly over the last 10 years.
This document provides an overview of occupational health. It defines key terms like occupation, health, and occupational health. It discusses general workplace issues that can impact health like nutrition, hygiene, sleep, and mobility. It also examines specific occupational diseases and injuries, how they may be contracted from chemical, physical, and biological exposures. Finally, it outlines the roles that occupational health professionals can play in promoting worker well-being, preventing health issues, and protecting employees from adverse health factors.
This document discusses occupational hazards and diseases. It begins by defining occupational environment and describing the three main types of interactions: between people and physical/chemical/biological agents, between people and machines, and between people. It then examines several specific occupational hazards and diseases in more detail, including: pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis, lead poisoning, occupational cancer, dermatitis, and radiation hazards. Prevention strategies are outlined for many of these conditions.
This document discusses occupational health hazards. It notes that occupational health deals with health issues that arise specifically from occupations, such as asbestosis from asbestos exposure. It discusses workplace regulations regarding minimum space per worker and notes how some employers try to avoid these. Various occupational health hazards, diseases, causal agents, and affected body systems are outlined. The roles and shortcomings of various organizations responsible for occupational health are examined.
This document provides an introduction to occupational health, including its history, definition, and providers in Malaysia. It discusses how Ramazini in the 18th century is considered the father of occupational medicine and emphasized obtaining occupational history. Occupational health aims to promote worker health and prevent work-related illness or injury. In Malaysia, key organizations that provide occupational health services include the Department of Occupational Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, and Social Security Organization.
This document defines key terms and concepts related to occupational health and safety. It discusses occupational health as promoting worker health through prevention, protection, and rehabilitation. Ergonomics is defined as adapting work to humans. Common occupational hazards include physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial factors. Diseases and injuries can result from exposures to these hazards. The document emphasizes applying principles of prevention, health monitoring, and education to promote occupational safety and health.
Services entrusted with essentially preventive functions and responsible for advising employers, workers, and their representatives in the undertaking of the requirements for establishing and maintaining a safe and healthy working environment, which will facilitate optimal physical and mental health in relation to work and the adaptation of work to the capabilities of workers in light of their state of physical and mental health.
The ILO estimates that only 5-10% of workers in developing countries and 20-50% of those in industrialized countries have access to adequate OHSs.
Further, the levels of OHS coverage have not changed significantly over the last 10 years.
This document provides an overview of occupational health. It defines key terms like occupation, health, and occupational health. It discusses general workplace issues that can impact health like nutrition, hygiene, sleep, and mobility. It also examines specific occupational diseases and injuries, how they may be contracted from chemical, physical, and biological exposures. Finally, it outlines the roles that occupational health professionals can play in promoting worker well-being, preventing health issues, and protecting employees from adverse health factors.
This document discusses occupational health and related topics. It covers health promotion of workers, prevention of occupational diseases, roles of occupational health nurses, administration of occupational health services, and international organizations. Some key points include recommendations by ILO/WHO on worker nutrition, disease control, and mental health. It also outlines legislation in countries like prevention of child labor and maternity benefits.
This document provides an overview of occupational health and occupational hazards. It discusses the historical background of occupational health and defines it. It then covers various occupational hazards including physical hazards like heat, cold, noise, vibration; chemical hazards like dusts and gases; biological hazards; and mechanical hazards. It provides examples of different occupational diseases like silicosis, byssinosis, and asbestosis caused by exposure to dusts and chemicals in the workplace. The document emphasizes the need for preventive measures and control of occupational diseases and hazards.
1. The document discusses occupational health and safety topics including physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards present in the workplace.
2. It provides definitions and examples of occupational health, occupational hygiene, ergonomics, and outlines the aims and functions of occupational health services.
3. Case studies are presented involving workers exhibiting symptoms that could have occupational causes such as respiratory issues, skin irritation, and heat illness.
Prevention & control of occupational diseasesdrahmadflash
The document discusses measures to prevent and control occupational diseases. It describes three levels of prevention:
1) Primary prevention aims to avoid disease through controlling hazards, substituting dangerous materials, and using engineering controls and personal protective equipment.
2) Secondary prevention focuses on early detection through medical screening and monitoring to identify issues before symptoms arise.
3) Tertiary prevention treats existing diseases to limit disability and complications through rehabilitation. Engineering controls, safe work practices, hygiene measures, and periodic medical exams are emphasized as key prevention strategies.
Occupational medicine has a long history dating back to ancient times where slave labor was used to build structures under harsh conditions. In the 16th-17th centuries, early pioneers like Georgius Agricola and Bernardino Ramazzini studied mining accidents and illnesses, laying the foundation for modern occupational medicine. During the Industrial Revolution, many women and children worked long hours in unsafe factories, leading doctors and activists to fight for better working conditions. Sir Thomas Legge introduced the concepts of occupational disease notification and prevention in the late 19th century. International organizations like the ILO and WHO have also advanced occupational health and safety globally. While occupational health services began in Nigeria in the 1960s, there is still progress needed regarding worker protections and
• History of Occupational Diseases (O.D) Listing
• Definition of O.D and Work-Related Diseases (WRD)
• Criteria for identification of O.D
• International List of O.D
• Prescribed Occupational Diseases
At the end of this session, you will be able to
1. Define Occupational Health
2. What is the occupational environment?
3. Classify and describe the various occupational hazards causing diseases in workplace.
4. Define Occupational Diseases
5. Classify occupational diseases
6. Describe the etiology, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various common occupational diseases
Occupational diseases are diseases that are caused or aggravated by the work or work environment. Some key points:
- Occupational diseases can have varying time frames between exposure and symptoms, from immediate to decades later.
- Major causes of occupational diseases include physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards. Common examples are respiratory diseases from dusts or fumes, musculoskeletal disorders, and work-related stress.
- Prevention of occupational diseases involves controlling exposures through substitution of hazardous materials, engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and health monitoring programs. The goal is primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
An occupational hazard is a hazard experienced in the workplace. Occupational hazards can encompass many types of hazards, including chemical hazards, biological hazards (biohazards), psychosocial hazards, and physical hazards. In the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conduct workplace investigations and research addressing workplace health and safety hazards resulting in guidelines. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) establishes enforceable standards to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses.
The document discusses occupational health and occupational hazards. It defines occupational health as the promotion and maintenance of workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. It also discusses the various types of occupational hazards including physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards. Common occupational diseases and disorders caused by these hazards are also mentioned such as noise-induced hearing loss, dermatitis, musculoskeletal disorders, and work-related stress.
Occupational health: Promotion & Maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental & social wellbeing of workers in all occupations (WHO & ILO, 1950 & revised in 1995).
Occupational medicine: A branch of preventive medicine with some therapeutic function (Royal College of Physicians, 1978).
Occupational safety and health (OSH) also
commonly referred to as occupational health and
safety (OHS) or workplace health and safety
(WHS) is an area concerned with the safety, health
and welfare of people engaged in work or
employment.
This document summarizes various occupational health hazards. It discusses five main types of hazards: physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial. Physical hazards include heat, cold, light, noise, vibration, ultraviolet radiation, and ionizing radiation. Chemical hazards include dusts, gases, and metals that can be inhaled or cause skin reactions. Biological hazards refer to infectious agents encountered in healthcare or agriculture. Mechanical hazards involve moving machinery parts. Psychosocial hazards arise from psychological stress at work and can cause psychological or psychosomatic health effects. The document provides examples of diseases associated with different occupational hazards.
Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, which is closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know. To be effective, surveillance must be directly linked to preventive action.
In the case of occupational health, the actions prompted by the surveillance system should be directed not only at the individual case or the affected group, but also at the responsible workplace factors.
Surveillance programs (i.e., 2ry prevention) should be designed to support programs intended to control workplace hazards (i.e., 1ry prevention).
In OSH, surveillance programs should:
• Identify cases of occupational illness or injury; and/or
• Monitor trends of occupational illness or injury.
This document outlines three approaches to preventing occupational diseases: medical measures, engineering controls, and legislation. Medical measures include pre-placement exams, periodic exams, health services, notifications, supervision of work environments, record keeping, and health education. Engineering controls involve building design, housekeeping, ventilation, mechanization, substitution of harmful materials, controlling dust, enclosure, isolation, and use of protective devices. Legislation measures provide legal protections and benefits to workers through various Indian labor laws governing factors like work hours, wages, leave, and medical/disability benefits.
OSHA is a US government agency that sets and enforces workplace health and safety standards to assure safe working conditions. Its mission is to protect workers' health and safety. Workers have legal rights to a safe work environment, including proper control of risks, safety equipment, ability to stop unsafe work, and ability to report health and safety concerns. When establishing factories or workplaces, safety measures must include proper transportation, water, hospitals, wages, workplace safety protections, breaks, adequate toilets, first aid, emergency equipment, and safety signage. Ensuring worker health and safety is important because workers are valuable and their well-being enables productive work.
prevention and control of occupational diseasesPreetika Maurya
This document discusses the prevention and control of occupational diseases. It describes various diseases caused by physical, chemical, and biological agents in the workplace. It emphasizes the importance of pre-placement exams, periodic exams, and health services to monitor workers' health. Engineering controls like ventilation, enclosure, isolation, and protective devices can help reduce exposure to hazards. Both medical and engineering approaches are needed to prevent occupational diseases.
Occupational hygiene aims to prevent illness caused by workplace hazards. It does this through recognizing, evaluating, and controlling hazardous agents via a multidisciplinary approach involving chemistry, toxicology, physics, biology, engineering, and law. Hazards include chemicals, physical agents like noise and vibration, biological agents, and ergonomic risks. Risk is determined by assessing the hazard and level of worker exposure. Controls follow a hierarchy starting with eliminating or substituting the hazard, then using engineering controls, administrative controls like safe work practices, and finally personal protective equipment. Occupational hygienists play a key role in anticipating hazards, conducting exposure assessments, and advising on prevention strategies to protect worker health.
n occupational disease is a disease or disorder that is caused by the work or working conditions. This means that the disease must have developed due to exposures in the workplace and that the correlation between the exposures and the disease is well known in medical research.
Occupational health and occupational hazards by Dr. Sonam AggarwalDr. Sonam Aggarwal
• "Occupational health should aim at the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations;
• the prevention among workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions;
• the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health;
• the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological equipment, and,
• to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job.”
The Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health,1995
This document discusses occupational health and toxicology. It defines occupational health as promoting worker well-being in all occupations. Occupational safety aims to control workplace hazards and their impact. The document outlines several occupational diseases caused by exposure to substances like asbestos, silica, coal dust, heavy metals and industrial chemicals. It describes symptoms, exposure sources and prevention methods for conditions like pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis, and poisonings from lead, nickel, manganese, chromium, carbon monoxide and ammonia. The objectives of occupational health services are to prevent diseases and injuries, adapt work environments, and promote worker efficiency and wellness.
This document discusses occupational health and related topics. It covers health promotion of workers, prevention of occupational diseases, roles of occupational health nurses, administration of occupational health services, and international organizations. Some key points include recommendations by ILO/WHO on worker nutrition, disease control, and mental health. It also outlines legislation in countries like prevention of child labor and maternity benefits.
This document provides an overview of occupational health and occupational hazards. It discusses the historical background of occupational health and defines it. It then covers various occupational hazards including physical hazards like heat, cold, noise, vibration; chemical hazards like dusts and gases; biological hazards; and mechanical hazards. It provides examples of different occupational diseases like silicosis, byssinosis, and asbestosis caused by exposure to dusts and chemicals in the workplace. The document emphasizes the need for preventive measures and control of occupational diseases and hazards.
1. The document discusses occupational health and safety topics including physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards present in the workplace.
2. It provides definitions and examples of occupational health, occupational hygiene, ergonomics, and outlines the aims and functions of occupational health services.
3. Case studies are presented involving workers exhibiting symptoms that could have occupational causes such as respiratory issues, skin irritation, and heat illness.
Prevention & control of occupational diseasesdrahmadflash
The document discusses measures to prevent and control occupational diseases. It describes three levels of prevention:
1) Primary prevention aims to avoid disease through controlling hazards, substituting dangerous materials, and using engineering controls and personal protective equipment.
2) Secondary prevention focuses on early detection through medical screening and monitoring to identify issues before symptoms arise.
3) Tertiary prevention treats existing diseases to limit disability and complications through rehabilitation. Engineering controls, safe work practices, hygiene measures, and periodic medical exams are emphasized as key prevention strategies.
Occupational medicine has a long history dating back to ancient times where slave labor was used to build structures under harsh conditions. In the 16th-17th centuries, early pioneers like Georgius Agricola and Bernardino Ramazzini studied mining accidents and illnesses, laying the foundation for modern occupational medicine. During the Industrial Revolution, many women and children worked long hours in unsafe factories, leading doctors and activists to fight for better working conditions. Sir Thomas Legge introduced the concepts of occupational disease notification and prevention in the late 19th century. International organizations like the ILO and WHO have also advanced occupational health and safety globally. While occupational health services began in Nigeria in the 1960s, there is still progress needed regarding worker protections and
• History of Occupational Diseases (O.D) Listing
• Definition of O.D and Work-Related Diseases (WRD)
• Criteria for identification of O.D
• International List of O.D
• Prescribed Occupational Diseases
At the end of this session, you will be able to
1. Define Occupational Health
2. What is the occupational environment?
3. Classify and describe the various occupational hazards causing diseases in workplace.
4. Define Occupational Diseases
5. Classify occupational diseases
6. Describe the etiology, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various common occupational diseases
Occupational diseases are diseases that are caused or aggravated by the work or work environment. Some key points:
- Occupational diseases can have varying time frames between exposure and symptoms, from immediate to decades later.
- Major causes of occupational diseases include physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards. Common examples are respiratory diseases from dusts or fumes, musculoskeletal disorders, and work-related stress.
- Prevention of occupational diseases involves controlling exposures through substitution of hazardous materials, engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and health monitoring programs. The goal is primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
An occupational hazard is a hazard experienced in the workplace. Occupational hazards can encompass many types of hazards, including chemical hazards, biological hazards (biohazards), psychosocial hazards, and physical hazards. In the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conduct workplace investigations and research addressing workplace health and safety hazards resulting in guidelines. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) establishes enforceable standards to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses.
The document discusses occupational health and occupational hazards. It defines occupational health as the promotion and maintenance of workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. It also discusses the various types of occupational hazards including physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards. Common occupational diseases and disorders caused by these hazards are also mentioned such as noise-induced hearing loss, dermatitis, musculoskeletal disorders, and work-related stress.
Occupational health: Promotion & Maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental & social wellbeing of workers in all occupations (WHO & ILO, 1950 & revised in 1995).
Occupational medicine: A branch of preventive medicine with some therapeutic function (Royal College of Physicians, 1978).
Occupational safety and health (OSH) also
commonly referred to as occupational health and
safety (OHS) or workplace health and safety
(WHS) is an area concerned with the safety, health
and welfare of people engaged in work or
employment.
This document summarizes various occupational health hazards. It discusses five main types of hazards: physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial. Physical hazards include heat, cold, light, noise, vibration, ultraviolet radiation, and ionizing radiation. Chemical hazards include dusts, gases, and metals that can be inhaled or cause skin reactions. Biological hazards refer to infectious agents encountered in healthcare or agriculture. Mechanical hazards involve moving machinery parts. Psychosocial hazards arise from psychological stress at work and can cause psychological or psychosomatic health effects. The document provides examples of diseases associated with different occupational hazards.
Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, which is closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know. To be effective, surveillance must be directly linked to preventive action.
In the case of occupational health, the actions prompted by the surveillance system should be directed not only at the individual case or the affected group, but also at the responsible workplace factors.
Surveillance programs (i.e., 2ry prevention) should be designed to support programs intended to control workplace hazards (i.e., 1ry prevention).
In OSH, surveillance programs should:
• Identify cases of occupational illness or injury; and/or
• Monitor trends of occupational illness or injury.
This document outlines three approaches to preventing occupational diseases: medical measures, engineering controls, and legislation. Medical measures include pre-placement exams, periodic exams, health services, notifications, supervision of work environments, record keeping, and health education. Engineering controls involve building design, housekeeping, ventilation, mechanization, substitution of harmful materials, controlling dust, enclosure, isolation, and use of protective devices. Legislation measures provide legal protections and benefits to workers through various Indian labor laws governing factors like work hours, wages, leave, and medical/disability benefits.
OSHA is a US government agency that sets and enforces workplace health and safety standards to assure safe working conditions. Its mission is to protect workers' health and safety. Workers have legal rights to a safe work environment, including proper control of risks, safety equipment, ability to stop unsafe work, and ability to report health and safety concerns. When establishing factories or workplaces, safety measures must include proper transportation, water, hospitals, wages, workplace safety protections, breaks, adequate toilets, first aid, emergency equipment, and safety signage. Ensuring worker health and safety is important because workers are valuable and their well-being enables productive work.
prevention and control of occupational diseasesPreetika Maurya
This document discusses the prevention and control of occupational diseases. It describes various diseases caused by physical, chemical, and biological agents in the workplace. It emphasizes the importance of pre-placement exams, periodic exams, and health services to monitor workers' health. Engineering controls like ventilation, enclosure, isolation, and protective devices can help reduce exposure to hazards. Both medical and engineering approaches are needed to prevent occupational diseases.
Occupational hygiene aims to prevent illness caused by workplace hazards. It does this through recognizing, evaluating, and controlling hazardous agents via a multidisciplinary approach involving chemistry, toxicology, physics, biology, engineering, and law. Hazards include chemicals, physical agents like noise and vibration, biological agents, and ergonomic risks. Risk is determined by assessing the hazard and level of worker exposure. Controls follow a hierarchy starting with eliminating or substituting the hazard, then using engineering controls, administrative controls like safe work practices, and finally personal protective equipment. Occupational hygienists play a key role in anticipating hazards, conducting exposure assessments, and advising on prevention strategies to protect worker health.
n occupational disease is a disease or disorder that is caused by the work or working conditions. This means that the disease must have developed due to exposures in the workplace and that the correlation between the exposures and the disease is well known in medical research.
Occupational health and occupational hazards by Dr. Sonam AggarwalDr. Sonam Aggarwal
• "Occupational health should aim at the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations;
• the prevention among workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions;
• the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health;
• the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological equipment, and,
• to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job.”
The Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health,1995
This document discusses occupational health and toxicology. It defines occupational health as promoting worker well-being in all occupations. Occupational safety aims to control workplace hazards and their impact. The document outlines several occupational diseases caused by exposure to substances like asbestos, silica, coal dust, heavy metals and industrial chemicals. It describes symptoms, exposure sources and prevention methods for conditions like pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis, and poisonings from lead, nickel, manganese, chromium, carbon monoxide and ammonia. The objectives of occupational health services are to prevent diseases and injuries, adapt work environments, and promote worker efficiency and wellness.
Occupational health services or Industrial health servicesKunal Soni
This document provides an overview of occupational health services. It defines key terms like occupational health, hazards, and diseases. It describes the aims of occupational health to promote worker well-being and prevent health issues from work. Various occupational hazards are outlined like physical, chemical, biological and mechanical hazards. Common occupational diseases and disorders are explained in relation to different hazards. The roles of an occupational health team and nurse are summarized.
Class Presentation on Occupational Health ppt.pptxGouri Das
The document provides an overview of occupational health, including:
1. It defines occupational health as promoting and maintaining workers' physical, mental, and social well-being, and preventing work-related health issues.
2. Occupational health aims to identify workplace hazards, implement controls, ensure job demands match individual abilities, and provide services for vulnerable/incapacitated workers.
3. Common occupational hazards include physical (noise, vibration), chemical, biological, psychosocial, and diseases like silicosis.
4. Legislation like the Factories Act and Employees' State Insurance Act aim to protect worker health and provide medical benefits for work-related issues.
Occupational health:The objective of an occupational health .LalrinchhaniSailo
Occupational health is essentially preventive medicine.The Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health, in the course of its first session, held in 1950, gave the following definition: "Occupational health should aim at the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention among workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological equipment, and, to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job (1).
ERGONOMICS: The term "ergonomics" is derived from the Greek ergon, meaning work and nomos, meaning law. It simply means: "fitting the job to the worker". The object of ergonomics is "to achieve the best mutual adjustment of man and his work, for the improvement of human efficiency and well-being".
HEALTH OF THE WORKER
One of the declared aims of occupational health is to provide a safe occupational environment' in order to safeguard the health of the workers and to step up industrial production.
Occupational environment
By occupational environment is meant the sum or external conditions and influences which prevail at the place of work and which have a bearing on the health of the Working population. Basically, there are three types of interaction in a working environment.
a) Man and physical, chemical and biological agents.
b) Man and machine.
c) Man and man.
MAN AND PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
(1) Physical agents
(2) Chemical agents
MAN AND MACHINE
An industry or factory implies the use of machines driven by power with emphasis on mass production. The
unguarded machines, protruding and moving parts, poor installation of the plant, lack of safety measures are the causes of accidents which is a major problem in industries.
Working for long hours in unphysiological postures is the cause of fatigue, backache, diseases of joints and muscles and impairment of the worker's health and efficiency.
MAN AND MAN
There are numerous psychosocial factors which operate at the place of work. These are the human relationships amongst workers themselves on the one hand, and those in authority over them on the other. In modern occupational health, the emphasis is upon the people, the conditions in which they live and work, their hopes and fears and their attitudes towards their job, their fellow-workers and employers (2).
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
An industrial worker may be exposed to five types of hazards, depending upon his occupation:
1. Physical hazards
2. Chemical hazards
3. Biological hazards
4. Mechanical hazards
5. Psychosocial hazards.
This document discusses occupational health and defines it as dealing with health promotion, protection, and maintenance of workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. It outlines objectives like maintaining worker health and preventing diseases and injuries. It also describes various occupational hazards like physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards. It provides examples of diseases caused by these hazards and measures to prevent occupational diseases.
This document discusses occupational health hazards and diseases. It defines occupational health as promoting worker well-being and preventing health issues caused by working conditions. Physical hazards from heat, cold, light, noise, vibration and radiation can cause injuries or indirect health effects. Chemical hazards include dusts, gases, metals and their compounds which can harm skin, be inhaled or ingested. Biological and psychosocial hazards are also discussed. Common occupational diseases are explained such as pneumoconiosis from dust inhalation and lead poisoning. Prevention strategies aim to eliminate hazards, use personal protective equipment and monitor worker health.
Occupational health aims to promote workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. It focuses on preventing health issues, protecting workers, and maintaining their health and working capacity. Occupational health objectives include maintaining workers' health and capacity, improving the working environment and making it safer and more conducive to health, and enhancing productivity. Preventive measures include health promotion, specific protection, early diagnosis and treatment, disability limitation, and rehabilitation. Occupational health addresses physical, chemical, biological, psychosocial, and other workplace hazards that can impact worker health.
Occupational health aims to promote workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. Globally, there are an estimated 111 million cases of occupational injury and disease annually. Common occupational diseases result from physical, chemical, and biological hazards like dust, gases, metals, and radiation. Preventive measures include eliminating hazards, monitoring workers, protective equipment, ventilation, medical exams, and health education. Legislation like the Factory Act and Employees State Insurance Act establish regulatory standards. Overall, maintaining occupational health is important for worker safety and a country's development.
Dust is a health hazard producing after a variable period of exposure, a lung disease known as pneumoconiosis. Its main types are silicosis, anthracosis, byssinosis, bagassosis asbastosis, farmer's lung disease.
The document discusses occupational diseases and hazards. It notes that there are over 100 million occupational injuries worldwide each year according to WHO, including 17 million non-fatal and 45,000 fatal injuries in India alone. It defines occupational health and lists factors that can affect worker health like physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards. Common occupational diseases mentioned include pneumoconiosis, lead poisoning, and cancers. The document outlines preventive measures against occupational hazards including pre-placement exams, engineering controls, protective equipment, legislation, and the roles of health providers in prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.
This document discusses occupational health hazards and diseases. It outlines several types of occupational hazards including physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychological hazards. Specific physical hazards mentioned are heat, cold, light, noise, and ultraviolet radiation. Chemical hazards can include carbon dioxide and sulphuric acid. Biological hazards may arise from bacteria, fungi or viruses. Mechanical hazards stem from machinery. Psychological hazards relate to job satisfaction. Some common occupational diseases are also described such as phosphorus poisoning, bagassosis, and caisson disease. Both preventive and curative measures are important to protect worker health, including training, examinations, hazard removal, and first aid.
This document discusses occupational health hazards and diseases. It begins by describing a case of a factory accident in 1908 where a teenage boy had his arm ripped off and leg broken with no compensation. It then defines occupational health and lists its objectives as maintaining worker health and capacity, improving the work environment, and developing work cultures that support safety. The document outlines various physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards faced by workers. It also examines several occupational diseases in detail, including pneumoconiosis, lead poisoning, cancer, and dermatitis. Prevention strategies are discussed for many of these hazards and diseases.
This document discusses occupational health and occupational hazards. It defines occupational health as promoting worker health and preventing job-related illness. It describes how work should be adapted to fit workers physically and psychologically. Common occupational hazards include physical (noise, radiation, etc.), chemical (metals, dusts, gases), biological (infections), and psychological risks. Specific diseases and injuries from these exposures are outlined, such as pneumoconiosis from inhaling dusts, lead poisoning, cancer, and dermatitis. Prevention strategies include exposure control, protective equipment, training, and health monitoring of workers.
Occupational hazards, occupational health
Occupational safety and health should not be sidelined as a service delivery issue. Health worker health and well-being is an important aspect of workers’ motivation and job satisfaction, which influence productivity as well as retention. Health worker safety also affects the quality of care; caring for the caregiver should be a priority area of concern for the health system’s performance.
Occupational health refers to the health and safety of workers in the workplace. Workplace hazards can include physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards that can cause occupational diseases. The goals of occupational health are to promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers. Prevention methods include medical monitoring, engineering controls, and legislative protections to reduce workplace hazards and diseases like pneumoconiosis, dermatitis, and noise-induced hearing loss.
This document discusses occupational health and safety. It defines occupational health as promoting workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. It also defines hazards and occupational diseases. The objectives of occupational health are outlined, which include maintaining workers' health, preventing diseases and injuries, and adapting workplaces. The functions of occupational health services and components of occupational health are described. Common occupational hazards, diseases, and injuries are also summarized.
Occupational health aims to promote and maintain workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. It focuses on preventing health issues caused by working conditions and protecting workers from hazards. Occupational health applies preventative medicine principles in workplaces to prevent disease and maintain workers' health. It addresses physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards that can impact worker health. The goals are fostering safe work environments and protecting others who may be affected.
This document discusses occupational health and defines it as promoting workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. It aims to prevent health issues caused by working conditions and protect workers from health risks. The objectives of occupational health are identifying hazards, controlling exposures, finding the causes of health problems, and providing a safe work environment. The tools used include epidemiology, health screening, education, and applying preventive medicine. Common occupational hazards are physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychological agents. The document outlines diseases associated with different hazard types and preventive measures.
The document discusses equipment, linen, and medical supplies used in hospitals. It defines equipment as fixed or portable items used for diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. Linen refers to clothing items like cotton used in hospitals. Medical supplies include consumable and disposable items used for patient treatment. The document outlines the maintenance, cleaning, and sterilization processes for various equipment, linen, glassware, and other supplies to prevent infection and ensure proper functioning.
UNIT 1 concept-of-health-and-disease-.pptxGayathri R
The document provides an overview of concepts related to health and illness. It defines health according to the biomedical, ecological, psychosocial, and holistic concepts. Health is described as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, as per the WHO definition. Illness is presented as a deviation from normal healthy functioning. Factors influencing health and causes of illness are discussed. The impacts of illness on patients and families and approaches for prevention and protection from illness are also summarized.
The document discusses healthcare waste and its management. It states that healthcare waste poses higher risks than other waste due to potential for infections. It also provides definitions of healthcare waste and categories such as infectious, sharp and pharmaceutical waste. The document outlines the major steps in healthcare waste management - segregation, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal. It emphasizes the importance of proper waste handling and treatment to prevent health hazards.
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The document provides information on common musculoskeletal disorders and conditions that affect the skeletal system in children. It discusses disorders such as kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, club foot, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, osteomyelitis, juvenile arthritis, and muscular dystrophies. For each condition, it describes the signs and symptoms, management including medical and surgical treatment options, nursing diagnoses, and nursing care responsibilities. The document emphasizes the importance of the skeletal system for movement and development in children and the need for long-term treatment and nursing support for many chronic musculoskeletal conditions.
Current trends in nursing administrationGayathri R
The document discusses current trends in nursing administration. It outlines several key trends:
1) Changing demographics and increasing diversity are leading to more diverse patient populations with different health needs, requiring culturally competent care.
2) Technological advances are allowing for computerized documentation, wireless devices, and telehealth to expand access to care.
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Staff development programmes aim to provide ongoing training and education for employees to improve their knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The document discusses the need for staff development to help personnel keep up with changes in their field. It defines key terms like in-service education and continuing education. The philosophy of staff development is to promote high quality care through the continuous development of personnel. Various approaches, types, and methods of staff development are described, including induction training, job orientation, in-service education, and continuing education.
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Gestational age is a key piece of data used by healthcare providers to determine the timing of various screening tests and assessments of the fetus and mother throughout pregnancy. Gestational age may be assessed at any time during pregnancy, and several modes of assessment exist, each requiring different equipment or skills and with varying degrees of accuracy. Obtaining more accurate estimates of gestational age through better diagnostic approaches may initiate more prompt medical management of a pregnant patient.
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This document appears to be a request for an ABG analysis from a nursing student named Gayathri R who is in her first year of an MSc Nursing program at Upasana College of Nursing. The student thanks someone, likely the person performing the analysis.
Human sexuality is the way people experience & express themselves sexuality. This involves biological, erotic, physical, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. Physical and emotional aspects of sexuality include bonds between individuals that are expressed through profound feelings or physical manifestations of love, trust, and care. Social aspects deal with the effects of human society on one's sexuality, while spirituality concerns an individual's spiritual connection with others. Sexuality also affects and is affected by cultural, political, legal, philosophical, moral, ethical, and religious aspects of life
Sexual health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationship. Reproductive health implies that people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and safer sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.
University has invested heavily in modernizing classrooms & halls to take advantages on instructional technology in LCD projectors. LCD is used with a computer to project an image on a screen or a blank wall & provide more instruction flexibility in the types of content that can be used in classroom.
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TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
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3. INTRODUCTION
Occupational health is an important branch in community health.
Previously it was thought that its entirely related to factories and mines.
Hence the term “industrial health” and “industrial hygiene” were
common. Now the concept was changed according to concept in the
society/community. Modern concept of “occupational health” now
embraces all types of employment including mercantile and commercial
enterprises, service traders, forestry, agricultural and various other
sectors.
4. DEFINITION
Occupational health is defined in the occupational health and safety
encyclopedia as being concerned with physical, mental & social
wellbeing of man in relation to his work & working environment, his
adjustment to work & adjustment of work to man.
- Forsman(1976)
Occupational health is the branch of medicine dealing with the
prevention and treatment of job related injuries & illness.
- Oxford dictionary
5. AIMS
Promotion and maintenance of high degree of physical, mental &
social wellbeing of workers in all occupation.
Prevention among workers of the departures from health caused by
their working condition.
Protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from
factors adverse to health.
6. AIMS….
Placing & maintenance of workers in an occupational
environment.
To summarize the adaptation of work to man of each man to
his job.
Joint ILO & WHO committee
7. OBJECTIVES
Promote & maintain highest degree of possible health.
Prevent health declination.
Protect from adverse factors.
Assist the injured & disabled for rehabilitation.
Improve human efficiency in work by application of ergonomics.
Provide self occupational environment.
8. Ergonomics
• Ergonomics is the study of men at work
with a view to identify stress factors
operating in work environments and
impairing the physical, mental and
psychological health of workers and
interfering with their work performance.
9. IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH
Decrease staff turnover.
Having safe & conducive environment.
Reduce cost of injury.
Minimal property & equipment damage.
Minimizing penalties.
Reduce risk premium.
Secure investors confidence.
15. Light
• The acute effects of poor illumination are
• Eye strain,
• Headache,
• Eye pain,
• Lacrymation,
• Congestion around the cornea
• Eye fatigue.
• The chronic effects on health include "miner's nystagmus"
16. Noise
• (i) Auditory effects
• Temporary or permanent hearing loss
• (ii) Non auditory effects
Nervousness,
Fatigue,
Interference with communication by speech
Decreased efficiency
Annoyance
17. Vibration
• Exposure to vibration may also produce injuries of the joints
of the hands elbows and shoulders.
20. Ionizing radiation
• The International Commission of Radiological Protection
has set the maximum permissible level of occupational
exposure at 5 rem per year to the whole body.
24. Dust
• Dusts are finely divided solid particles with size ranging from
• 0.1 to 150 microns
• Dust particles larger than 10 microns settle down from the air
rapidly,
• Indefinitely Particles smaller than 5 microns are directly inhaled
into the lungs and are retained there and is mainly responsible for
pneumoconiosis.
29. Ingestion
• Occupational diseases may also result from ingestion
of chemical substances such as lead, mercury, arsenic,
zinc, chromium, cadmium, phosphorus etc.
36. DISEASE DUE TO CHEMICALAGENT
• Gases
• Dusts (pneumoconiosis)
Inorganic dust: coal dust; silica; asbestos; iron
Organic(vegetable dust): cane fiber; cotton dust; tobacco;
hay or grain dust
• Metals and their compounds: lead ,mercury, cadmium,
manganese, beryllium, arsenic,chromium.
• Chemicals: acids, alkalies, pesticides
• Solvents: carbon bisulphide, chloroform , benzene
37. • III. DISEASE DUE TO BIOLOGICALAGENT
• Brucellosis, leptospirosis, anthrax, tetanus, encephalities, fungal
infection.
• IV. OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
• Cancer of the skin, lungs, bladder
• V. OCCUPATIONAL DERMATOSIS
• Dermatitis, eczema
• VI. DISEASE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ORIGIN
• Industrial neurosis, hypertension, peptic ulcer.
38. Pneumoconiosis
• Dusts within the range of 0.5 micron to 3 micron is a
health hazard producing, after a variable period of exposure,
a lung disease known as pneumoconiosis, which may
gradually cripple a man by reducing his work capacity due to
lung fibrosis and other complications.
39. Silicosis
• Caused by inhalation of dust
containing free silica or silicon dioxide
• Snow storm appearance in X ray
40. Anthracosis
• It is caused by inhalation of dust containing coal miners.
• First phase is called simple pneumoconiosis which is
associated with little impairment.
• Second phase is characterized by Progressive massive
fibrosis
41. Byssinosis
• Inhalation of cotton fibre dust over long periods of, time.
• The symptoms are
• Chronic cough
• Progressive dyspnoea,
• Chronic bronchitis
• Emphysema
42. Bagasosis
• Inhalation of cotton fibre dust over long periods of, time.
• The symptoms are
• Chronic cough
• Progressive dyspnoea,
• Chronic bronchitis
• Slight fever
44. Asbestosis
• Asbestos is of two types- serpentine or chrysolite
variety and amphibole type.
• Clinically the disease is characterized by dyspnoea.
• Clubbing of fingers,
• Cardiac distress and cyanosis.
• The sputum shows "asbestos bodies"
• An X-ray of the chest shows a ground-glass
appearance in the lower two thirds of the lung fields
45. Preventive measures
• Use of safer types of asbestos (chrysolite and amosite)
• Substitution of other insulants: glass fibre, mineral
wool, calcium silicate, plastic foams, etc.
• Rigorous dust control
• Periodic examination of workers; biological monitoring
(clinical, X-ray, lung function), and Continuing research.
48. Clinical features
• The toxic effects of inorganic exposure
• abdominal colic Constipation loss of
appetite
•blue-line on the gums stippling of red cells
Anaemia
• wrist drop
• foot drop.
49. • The toxic effects of organic lead compounds are mostly on
the central nervous system
• Insomnia
• Headache
• Mental confusion
• Delirium.
51. Occupational cancer
• Skin cancer: gas workers, oil refiners, tar distillers, oven
workers.
• Lung cancer: gas industry, nickle and chromium work,
mining of radio active substance
52. • Bladder cancer: dye stuff, dyeing industries, rubber,
gas and electrical cable industry.
• Leukemia: benzol, roengent rays and radioactive
substance.
53. Control measures
• Elimination or control of industrial carcinogens.
• Medical examinations
• Inspection of factories,
• Notification
• Licensing of establishments,
• Personal hygiene measures,
• Education of workers and management, research.
56. Radiation hazards
• Shielding of workers
• Monitoring the employees
• Protective clothing
• Adequate ventilation
• Replacement and periodic examination
• Avoidance of pregnant women to work
57. HEALTH PROBLEMS DUE TO
INDUSTRIALIZATION
• Environmental sanitation problems
• Communicable disease
• Food sanitation
• Mental health
• Accidents and social problems
• Morbidity and mortality
58. MEASURES FOR HEALTH PROMOTION
OF WORKERS
• Nutrition
• Communicable disease control
• Environmental sanitation
• Mental health
• Measures for women and
children
• Health education
• Family planning
59. Nutrition
• Under Indian factory act,
• One canteen when number of employees
exceeds 250
• Education of workers on the value of
balanced diet.
61. Environmental sanitation
• Water supply
• Installation of drinking water fountains
• Food
• Sanitary preparation, storage and handling
of food
• Education of food handlers
• Protection against hazards
62. • Toilet
• One sanitary convenience for 25 employees for the first 100
employees and thereafter one for 50
• General plant cleanliness
• Sufficient space
• The recommended standard is of minimum of 500cuft
63. • Lighting
• Standards for illumination
• High precision work 50-75 foot candles
• Regular work- 6 to 12 foot candles
• Corridors and passages- 0.5 foot candles
• Ventilation, temperature
• Housing
64. Mental health
• To promote the health and happiness of the workers.
• To detect signs of emotional stress and strain and to secure
relief of stress and strain where possible
• The treatment of employees suffering from mental illness
and the rehabilitation of those who become ill
65. Measures for woman & children
(1)Expectant mothers are given maternity leave for 12 weeks,
(2)Provision of free antenatal, natal and postnatal services.
(3)The Factories Act (Section 66) prohibits night work between 7
p.m. and 6 a.m.;
(4)The Indian Mines Act (1923) prohibits work
underground.
(5)The Factories Act, 1976 provides for creches in factories
where more than 30 women workers are employed,
69. MEDICAL MEASURES
• Pre-placement examination
• Periodical examination
• Medical and health care services
• Notification
• Supervision of working environment
• Maintenance and analysis of records
• Health education and counseling
73. Occupational
health and safety (OHS) management system
• An occupational health and safety
(OHS) management system encompasses
more than just your health and safety
program. It includes health and safety
policies, systems, standards, and
records, and involves incorporating
your health and safety activities and
program into your other business
processes.
74. IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN
HOSPITAL
• PERSONAL (STAFF) PROTECTION
• Physical hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Psychological hazards
• Patient safety
75. ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
NURSE
• CLINICIAN
• Primary prevention
• Emergency care
• Treatment services
• Nursing diagnosis
• Individual & group care plan
• General health advise & assessment
80. SCOPE
• Writing policies and procedures
• Assessing risks
• Investigating accidents
• Advising managers and directors
• Consulting with employees
• Training
• Managing Contractors
• Liaising with third parties including auditors, regulators and
insurers
82. • Communicate effectively
• Maintain their independence
• Work at all levels of the organisations they work within
• Organise their workload
• Prioritise
• Delegate
• Maintain their own competence.
84. JOURNALABSTRACT
• OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN INDUSTRIES IN
DEVELOPING WORLD
Iftikhar Ahmad1, Abdul Sattar2, Allah Nawaz2 1Department of Community
Medicine, Gomal Medical College, 2Department of Public Administration, Gomal
University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. ABSTRACT: Current global workforce
stands at about 2.8 billion. Workers spend about one third of their lifetime at
workplace. Workers expect safe working environment as their fundamental human
right. However there are still poor working conditions especially in developing
countries due to lack of practicing simple preventive measures.
85. • The standard of Occupational health and safety available at any work place is
the main determinant of workers’ health. Workers all over the world, face dual
occupational hazards, the traditional as well as novel in the complex work
settings due to rapid industrialization, technological advancement and
globalization, over the last few years. An equally wide variety of chemical,
physical and psychological hazards in production. Occupational health issues
affect individuals, families and communities, as well as the citizens of the
world. All the stake holders including the state, the manager, the employer and
the worker have certain responsibilities to take up medical, engineering and
legislative interventions to make work environment safer.
86. CONCLUSION
Occupational disease not been
neglected and should give proper
attention at time. It’s the main role
of a nurse to work as an educator
and protector in the field of
occupation.