The document provides an overview of concepts related to health and illness. It defines health according to the biomedical, ecological, psychosocial, and holistic concepts. Health is described as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, as per the WHO definition. Illness is presented as a deviation from normal healthy functioning. Factors influencing health and causes of illness are discussed. The impacts of illness on patients and families and approaches for prevention and protection from illness are also summarized.
Preventive Medicine. It is also a unique medical specialty recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS). Preventive medicine focuses on the health of individuals, communities, and defined populations. Its goal is to protect, promote, and maintain health and well-being and to prevent disease, disability, and death
Preventive Medicine. It is also a unique medical specialty recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS). Preventive medicine focuses on the health of individuals, communities, and defined populations. Its goal is to protect, promote, and maintain health and well-being and to prevent disease, disability, and death
Introduction to Research - Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem Uni...Himanshu Sharma
This slide contains B.Pharm Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem. Unit-3 L2 topic- "Introduction to Research"
It contains topics:
1. Introduction to Research
2. Need for Research
3. Need for Design Experiments
4. Experimental Design Techniques
5. Plagiarism
Social health program; role of world health organization in Indian national p...Dr. Sharad Chand
This topic explains the Social health program; the role of the world health organization in the Indian national program. This is useful for understanding the importance of social health and the role of WHO.
What are the applications of Biostatistics in Pharmacy?pharmacampus
Biostatistics broadly deals with statistical applications in the context of biological problems, including medicine, pharmacy, and public health. Government organizations, research institutes and industry have been extensively using statistics and biostatistics
Unit-III, Chapter 1. Registration of Indian Products in Overseas Market.Audumbar Mali
Unit-III, Chapter 1. Registration of Indian Products in Overseas Market.
B. Pharm. Final Year, Sem-VIII, BP804 ET: PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATORY SCIENCE (Theory),
As PCI Syllabus.
Socio Cultural Factors Related to Health and Disease Aditya Sharma
Socio Cultural Factors Related to Health and Disease
PPT
Heredity
Environment
Lifestyle
Socio-economic conditions
Health services
Education
Income
Housing
Community health is also the subset of public health that is taught to and practiced by clinicians.
Community health volunteers & community health workers work with primary care providers to facilitate entry into, exit from and utilization of the formal health system by community members.
This presentation gives a brief knowledge of CIOMS, its history, missions and collaborations of CIOMS. This presentation also contains CIOMS organizational structure, detailed knowledge of CIOMS Former and Present Working Groups. This will also guide about CIOMS form, its reporting and details to be filled while reporting an ADR.
Introduction to Research - Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem Uni...Himanshu Sharma
This slide contains B.Pharm Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem. Unit-3 L2 topic- "Introduction to Research"
It contains topics:
1. Introduction to Research
2. Need for Research
3. Need for Design Experiments
4. Experimental Design Techniques
5. Plagiarism
Social health program; role of world health organization in Indian national p...Dr. Sharad Chand
This topic explains the Social health program; the role of the world health organization in the Indian national program. This is useful for understanding the importance of social health and the role of WHO.
What are the applications of Biostatistics in Pharmacy?pharmacampus
Biostatistics broadly deals with statistical applications in the context of biological problems, including medicine, pharmacy, and public health. Government organizations, research institutes and industry have been extensively using statistics and biostatistics
Unit-III, Chapter 1. Registration of Indian Products in Overseas Market.Audumbar Mali
Unit-III, Chapter 1. Registration of Indian Products in Overseas Market.
B. Pharm. Final Year, Sem-VIII, BP804 ET: PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATORY SCIENCE (Theory),
As PCI Syllabus.
Socio Cultural Factors Related to Health and Disease Aditya Sharma
Socio Cultural Factors Related to Health and Disease
PPT
Heredity
Environment
Lifestyle
Socio-economic conditions
Health services
Education
Income
Housing
Community health is also the subset of public health that is taught to and practiced by clinicians.
Community health volunteers & community health workers work with primary care providers to facilitate entry into, exit from and utilization of the formal health system by community members.
This presentation gives a brief knowledge of CIOMS, its history, missions and collaborations of CIOMS. This presentation also contains CIOMS organizational structure, detailed knowledge of CIOMS Former and Present Working Groups. This will also guide about CIOMS form, its reporting and details to be filled while reporting an ADR.
concept of health & Illness, health illness continum, prevention and its levels, body defence, health care team, health care delivery system, health care agencies
A brief presentation on the Concept of Health and Wellbeing. (data till 2019)
it may be useful for MBBS undergraduate and postgraduate of Community Medicine/ Preventive and social medicine.
Gestational age is a key piece of data used by healthcare providers to determine the timing of various screening tests and assessments of the fetus and mother throughout pregnancy. Gestational age may be assessed at any time during pregnancy, and several modes of assessment exist, each requiring different equipment or skills and with varying degrees of accuracy. Obtaining more accurate estimates of gestational age through better diagnostic approaches may initiate more prompt medical management of a pregnant patient.
“Programmed instruction is planned sequence of
experiences, leading to proficiency in terms of stimulus
response relationship”
-James E Espich &Williams
Shock can be best be defined as a complex
life threatening condition characterised by
inadequate blood supply to the tissues and cell
body .
[BRUNNER&SUDDARTH]
Human sexuality is the way people experience & express themselves sexuality. This involves biological, erotic, physical, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. Physical and emotional aspects of sexuality include bonds between individuals that are expressed through profound feelings or physical manifestations of love, trust, and care. Social aspects deal with the effects of human society on one's sexuality, while spirituality concerns an individual's spiritual connection with others. Sexuality also affects and is affected by cultural, political, legal, philosophical, moral, ethical, and religious aspects of life
Sexual health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationship. Reproductive health implies that people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and safer sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.
University has invested heavily in modernizing classrooms & halls to take advantages on instructional technology in LCD projectors. LCD is used with a computer to project an image on a screen or a blank wall & provide more instruction flexibility in the types of content that can be used in classroom.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
4. Introduction
Health is very important for every individual
for living on this earth. In the society , its not
only issue of doctors, nurses, social services
and hospitals, its also an issue of justice. A
most common aspect in every culture is health.
As per the advancement of technology people
came to know that health is fundamental
human right & is essential for the satisfaction
of basic human needs and improvement of life.
5. Concept of Health
• Biomedical concept
• Ecological concept
• Psychosocial concept
• Holistic concept
6. Biomedical concept
• Health is ''absence of disease'' ie, if one
is free from disease than he is considered
healthy.
• Based on germ theory of disease.
• But its not merely as absence of disease,
but good health status of individual.
• Question - malnutrition, chronic disease,
accidents, drug abuse, mental illness ,
environmental pollution etc which lead to
ecological concept
9. Ecological concept
• Ecologists - health is dynamic equilibrium
between man and his environment, and disease is
maladjustment of the human organism to his
environment.
• ''Health implies the relative absence of pain
and discomfort and a continuous adaptation
and adjustment to the environment to ensure
optimal function''
10.
11. Ecological concept
• Raised two questions
- Imperfect man
- Imperfect environment
• History shows that improvement in human
adaptation to natural environment can lead
to longer and better quality of life- even
with the absence of modern health delivery
servi•
ces.
12. Psychological concept
Development in social science - Health is not only
a biomedical phenomenon, but it is influenced by
• Social,
• Psychological,
• Cultural,
• Economic and
• Political factors of the people concerned,
• ''Health is both a biological and
social phenomenon''
13. Holistic concept
• Synthesis of all the above concepts.
• It recognizes the strength of social,
economic, political and environmental
influences on health.
• Then came a many definitions of
health.
14. Definitions of Health
• ''The condition of being sound body, mind or
spirit, especially freedom from physical disease
or pain'' (webster)
• ''Soundness of body or mind; that condition
in which its functions are duly and efficiently
discharged'' ( oxford)
• '' A condition or quality of the human
organism expressing the adequate functioning
of the organism in given conditions, genetic
and environmental'' ( operational def by
WHO)
15. Health Definition
In 1948, WHO define,
• ''Health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not
merely an absence of disease and /or
infirmity''
16. Characteristics of WHO
definition of health
•A concern for individual as a whole system.
•A view of health that identifies internal and
external environment .
•An acknowledgement of the importance of an
individual’s role in life.
17. Negative Aspect
•Complete well being for all is unattainable
goal.
•Some of us are born with severe physical and
mental limitations.
18. Dimensions of Health
As health is concerned with all those factors
that influence the health. Hence we consider it
as multidimensional. Specific dimensions of
health as per WHO are as follows:-
19.
20. Physical
dimension
• The state of physical health implies the
notion of ''perfect functioning'' of the
body. It conceptualizes health biologically
as a state in which every cell and every
organ is functioning at optimum capacity
and in perfect harmony with the rest of the
body.
23. • ''A state of balance between the individual
and the surrounding world, a state of
harmony between oneself and others, a
coexistence between the realities of the self
and that of other people and that of the
environment''
24.
25.
26. Social dimension
• Social well-being implies harmony and
integration within the individual, between
each individual and other members of
society and between individuals and the
world in which they live.
• ''Quantity and quality of an
individual's interpersonal ties and the
extent of involvement with the
community.''
27.
28.
29.
30.
31. Environmental dimension
•It’s the ability to recognize our own
responsibility for the quality of the air , the
water and the land that surrounds us.
•The ability to make a positive impact on the
quality of our environment be it our homes,
our communities or our planet contributes to
our environmental wellness.
32. Intellectual dimension
•It’s the ability to open our minds to new ideas
and experiences that can be applied to
personal decisions, group interaction and
community betterment.
•The desire to learn new concepts, improve
skills and seek challenges in pursuit of life
long learning contributes to our intellectual
wellness.
33. Other dimensions of health
•Philosophical dimension
•Cultural dimension
•Socio economic dimension
•Educational dimension
•Nutritional dimension
•Curative dimension
•Preventive dimension
•Occupational dimension
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53. Health Illness- wellness
continuum
•Health : It’s a positive state of being that
includes physical fitness, mental/ emotional
stability; social and spiritual case.
•Illness : It’s the feeling of unhealthy and is a
personal experience.
•Wellness : Its defined as a “subjective
perception of ability, harmony and
vitality”(Leddy & Pepper, 1993).
54. Indications of good health
•To perform the best of their ability.
•To adjust and adapt to varying situations.
•Feeling of well-being.
•Feeling of harmony and togetherness.
55.
56. Basic concept of health
•Health within illness: According to Jones &
Meleis, 1993 Illness is regarded as an event
that can expand human potential.
•Holistic health : This approach recognizes
the interaction of an individual with the
society and emphasis on the harmony with
oneself , nature and world.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64. Quadrants of wellness grid
Favourable
environment
Death Wellness
Unfavourable
environment
65. Health Illness Continuum
According to Neuman (1990) “Health on a
continuum is the degree of client wellness
that exists at any point in time, ranging
from an optimal wellness condition with
available energy at its maximum to death,
which represents total energy depletion”.
66. According to health illness continuum model,
‘Health is a dynamic state that continuously
alters as a person adapts to changes in the
external and internal environment to maintain a
state of physical, emotional, intellectual, social,
developmental & spiritual wellbeing .Illness is a
process in which the functioning of a person is
diminished or impaired in one or more dimensions
when compared with the person’s previous
condition’.
70. ILLNESS
Illness is not described in the terms of disease
condition , it’s the deviation from the normal
healthy state and it results in frustration,
anxiety, denial, grief and uncertainty. In
illness all family members along with the ill
person have to adopt towards the different
situation.
71. Definition
According to Kozier Illness is a condition
characterized by a deviation from a normal
healthy state which is manifested by physical
and psychological symptoms.
According to Potter & Perry Illness is a
state in which a persons physical, intellectual,
emotional, social or spiritual functioning is
diminished or impaired in comparison with the
previous experience.
72. Classification/ Types of illness
⁕Acute illness
⁕Chronic illness
⁕Terminal illness
⁕Age related illness
73. Illness Behavior
Illness behavior is a complex process. It
involves the ways, person monitor their
bodies, define and interpret their symptoms ,
take remedial measures and use health care
services.
74. Variables affecting illness behavior
Internal variables
•Perception of symptoms
•Nature of illness
•Characteristics of person
75. External variables
•Visibility of symptoms
•Social group
•Culture and values
•Economic variables
•Accessibility of the health care system
76.
77. Emotional response to illness
Fear
Over dependence and feeling of helplessness
Anxiety
Hope
Stress
Anger and hostility
78. Causes & Risk factors for illness
Physiological
causes
Physical
injuries
Abnormal
growth of
cells
Disease of
biotic origin
Chemical
injury
79. Causes & Risk factors for illness
Psychological
causes
Genetic
factors
Neurotic
disorders
Life
experiences
Psychotic
disorders
82. Impact of illness on patient & family
Impact of illness on client
Impact of illness on client and family
Impact on family roles
Impact on body image
Impact on self concept
Impact on family dynamics
83. Prevention & Protection from illness
⁎Aware public regarding illness, injury or
disease.
⁎Nurses should maintain medical / surgical
asepsis.
⁎Proper health education.
⁎Nurses can guide the client in effective
problem solving and decision making.
⁎Nutritional education.