This document discusses occupational health hazards and diseases. It begins by describing a case of a factory accident in 1908 where a teenage boy had his arm ripped off and leg broken with no compensation. It then defines occupational health and lists its objectives as maintaining worker health and capacity, improving the work environment, and developing work cultures that support safety. The document outlines various physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards faced by workers. It also examines several occupational diseases in detail, including pneumoconiosis, lead poisoning, cancer, and dermatitis. Prevention strategies are discussed for many of these hazards and diseases.
Occupational Health is the promotion and maintenance of
the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being
of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from
health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to
people, and people to their jobs
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
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Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
Occupational Health is the promotion and maintenance of
the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being
of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from
health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to
people, and people to their jobs
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Â
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
Occupational health & Toxicology deals with occupational related diseases such as silicosis, siderosis, asbestosis and poising by lead, Manganese, Nickel, Chromium and Magnesium
At the end of this session, you will be able to
1. Define Occupational Health
2. What is the occupational environment?
3. Classify and describe the various occupational hazards causing diseases in workplace.
4. Define Occupational Diseases
5. Classify occupational diseases
6. Describe the etiology, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various common occupational diseases
An occupational hazard is a hazard experienced in the workplace. Occupational hazards can encompass many types of hazards, including chemical hazards, biological hazards (biohazards), psychosocial hazards, and physical hazards. In the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conduct workplace investigations and research addressing workplace health and safety hazards resulting in guidelines. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) establishes enforceable standards to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses.
Occupational health and occupational hazards by Dr. Sonam AggarwalDr. Sonam Aggarwal
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• "Occupational health should aim at the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations;
• the prevention among workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions;
• the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health;
• the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological equipment, and,
• to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job.”
The Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health,1995
Dust is a health hazard producing after a variable period of exposure, a lung disease known as pneumoconiosis. Its main types are silicosis, anthracosis, byssinosis, bagassosis asbastosis, farmer's lung disease.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
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Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
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Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
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This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
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M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
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According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
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Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
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R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
2. • Harry McShane, age 16,
1908. Pulled into
machinery in a factory
in USA. His arm was
ripped off at the
shoulder and his leg
broken.
• No compensation paid.
11/20/15 2
3. Definition
11/20/15 3
health;
• "Occupational health should aim at the
promotion and maintenance of the highest degree
of physical, mental and social well-being of
workers in all occupations;
• the prevention among workers of departures
from health caused by their working conditions;
• the protection of workers in their employment
from risks resulting from factors adverse to
4. Definition
• the placing and maintenance of the worker in an
occupational environment adapted to his
physiological and psychological equipment, and,
• to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of
each man to his job.
The Joint ILO/WHO Committee on
Occupational Health,1950
•
4
5. Objectives
• The maintenance and promotion of workers’ health and working
capacity
•
•
The improvement of working environment and work to become
conducive to safety and health
Development of work organizations and working cultures in a
direction which supports health and safety at work and in doing so
also promotes a positive social climate and smooth operation and
may enhance productivity of the undertakings.
—Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health
11/20/15 5
10. Light
The acute effects of poor illumination are
• Eye strain,
• Headache,
• Eye pain,
• Lacrymation,
• Congestion around the cornea
• Eye fatigue.
• The chronic effects on health include "miner's
nystagmus"
11/20/15 10
11. Noise
(i) Auditory effects
âť‘Temporary or permanent hearing
loss
n
(ii) Non auditory effects
âť‘Nervousness,
âť‘Fatigue,
âť‘ Interference with communicatio
by speech,
âť‘Decreased efficiency
1âť‘1/20/
a15
nnoyance 11
12. Vibration
• Exposure to vibration may also produce
injuries of the joints of the hands elbows and
shoulders.
12
14. Ionizing radiation
11/20/15 14
The radiation hazards comprise
• Genetic changes
• Malformation
• Cancer
• Leukaemia
• Depilation
• Ulceration
• Sterility
• in extreme cases death.
15. Ionizing radiation
11/20/15 15
The International Commission of Radiological
Protection has set the maximum permissible
level of occupational exposure at 5 rem per
year to the whole body.
19. Chemical hazards
11/20/15 19
• Dusts
Dusts are finely divided solid particles with size ranging from
0.1 to 150 microns
Dust particles larger than 10 microns settle down from the
air rapidly,
IndefinitelyParticles smaller than 5 microns are directly
inhaled into the lungs and are retained there and is mainly
responsible for pneumoconiosis.
23. Chemical hazards
11/20/15 23
• Metals and their compounds
Lead, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium,
cobalt, manganese, mercury, phosphorus,
chromium, zinc and others
24. Chemical hazards
11/20/15 24
(3) Ingestion:
Occupational diseases may also result from
ingestion of chemical substances such as lead,
mercury, arsenic, zinc, chromium, cadmium,
phosphorus etc.
31. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
ARUN PIRAVOM 31 11/20/15
DISEASE DUE TO CHEMICALAGENT
Gases
•
• Dusts (pneumoconiosis)
➢ Inorganic dust: coal dust; silica; asbestos; iron
➢ Organic(vegetable dust): cane fiber; cotton dust; tobacco; hay or
grain dust
•
•
• Metals and their compounds: lead ,mercury, cadmium, manganese,
beryllium, arsenic,chromium.
Chemicals: acids, alkalies, pesticides
Solvents: carbon bisulphide, chloroform , benzene
32. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
ARUN PIRAVOM 32 11/20/15
III. DISEASE DUE TO BIOLOGICALAGENT
• Brucellosis, leptospirosis, anthrax, tetanus, encephalities,
fungal infection.
IV. OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
• Cancer of the skin, lungs, bladder
V. OCCUPATIONAL DERMATOSIS
• Dermatitis, eczema
VI. DISEASE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ORIGIN
• Industrial neurosis, hypertension, peptic ulcer.
33. PNEUMOCONIOSIS
ARUN PIRAVOM 33 11/20/15
• Dusts within the range of 0.5 micron to 3
micron is a health hazard producing, after a
variable period of exposure, a lung disease
known as pneumoconiosis, which may
gradually cripple a man by reducing his work
capacity due to lung fibrosis and other
complications.
35. Silicosis
• Caused by inhalation of
dust containing free silica
or silicon dioxide
• Snow storm appearance in
X ray
11/20/15 35
36. Anthracosis
11/20/15 36
• It is caused by inhalation of dust containing
coal miners.
• First phase is called simple pneumoconiasis
which is associated with little impairment.
• Second phase is characterized by Progressive
massive fibrosis
37. Byssinosis
• Inhalation of cotton fibre dust over long periods
of, time.
The symptoms are
• Chronic cough
• Progressive dyspnoea,
• Chronic bronchitis
1
•1/20
E
/15mphysema. 37
38. Bagassosis
• Caused by inhalation of bagasse or sugar-cane
dust.
• Bagassosis has been shown to be due to a
thermophilic actinomycet for which the
name
The symptoms
• Breathlessness
• Cough
• haemoptysis
11
•
/20/s
15light fever. 38
40. Asbestosis
• Asbestos is of two types- serpentine or chrysolite
variety and amphibole type.
• Clinically the disease is characterized by dyspnoea.
• Clubbing of fingers,
• Cardiac distress and cyanosis.
• The sputum shows "asbestos bodies"
• An X-ray of the chest shows a ground-glass
11/20
a
/1
p
5
pearance in the lower two thirds of the lung fields 40
41. Asbestosis
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• Use of safer types of asbestos (chrysolite and amosite)
• Substitution of other insulants: glass fibre, mineral wool,
calcium silicate, plastic foams, etc.
Rigorous dust control
•
• Periodic examination of workers; biological monitoring
(clinical, X-ray, lung function), and
11
•/20/C
15 ontinuing research. 41
45. LEAD POISONING
11/20/15 45
CLINICAL PICTURE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The toxic effects of inorganic exposure
abdominal colic
Constipation
loss of appetite
blue-line on the gums
stippling of red cells
Anaemia
wrist drop
foot drop.
46. LEAD POISONING
11/20/15 46
• The toxic effects of organic lead compounds
are mostly on the central nervous system
• Insomnia
• Headache
• Mental confusion
• Delirium.
48. LEAD POISONING
11/20/15 48
DIAGNOSIS
(1) HISTORY
(2) CLINICAL FEATURES
(3) LABORATORY TESTS:
• Coproporphyrin in urine (CPU) :
• Amino levulinic acid in urine (ALAU) :
Lead in blood and urine:
•
• Basophilic stipling of RBC
50. OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
• Skin cancer: gas workers, oil refiners, tar
distillers, oven workers.
• Lung cancer: gas industry, nickle and
chromium work, mining of radio active
substance
11/20/15
ARUN PIRAVOM 50
51. OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
• Bladder cancer: dye stuff,
dyeing industries, rubber, gas
and electrical cable industry.
• Leukemia: benzol, roengent
rays and radioactive
substance.
11/20/15 51
52. OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
The control measures
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Elimination or control of industrial carcinogens.
Medical examinations
Inspection of factories,
Notification,
Licensing of establishments,
Personal hygiene measures,
Education of workers and management, research.
52
55. RADIATION HAZARDS
11/20/15
• Shielding of workers
• Monitoring the employees
• Protective clothing
• Adequate ventilation
• Replacement and periodic examination
• Avoidance of pregnant women to work
ARUN PIRAVOM 55
59. Accidents
Prevention
• Adequate preplacement examination
Adequate job training
Continuing education
•
•
• Ensure safe working conditions
• Establishing safety department in the organization under a
competent safety engineer.
• Periodic surveys for finding out hazards
•
11/2
C
0/1
a
5
reful reporting
59
60. HEALTH PROBLEM DUE TO
INDUSTRIALIZATION
• Environmental sanitation problems
• Communicable disease
• Food sanitation
• Mental health
• Accidents and social problems
• Morbidity and mortality
ARUN PIRAVOM 60 11/20/15
61. MEASURES FOR HEALTH
PROMOTION OF WORKERS
• Nutrition
• Communicable disease control
• Environmental sanitation
• Mental health
• Measures for women and children
• Health education
• Family planning
ARUN PIRAVOM 61 11/20/15
62. Nutrition
• Under Indian factory act,
One canteen when number of
employees exceeds 250
• Education of workers on the
value of balanced diet.
11/20/15 62
64. Environmental sanitation
• Water supply
Installation of drinking water fountains
• Food
Sanitary preparation, storage and
handling of food
Education of food handlers
11/20/15 64
65. Environmental sanitation
11/20/15 65
• Toilet
One sanitary convenience for
25 employees for the first 100
employees and thereafter one
for 50
• General plant cleanliness
66. Environmental sanitation
11/20/15 66
• Sufficient space
The recommended standard is of minimum of 500cuft
• Lighting
Standards for illumination
High precision work 50-75 foot candles
Regular work- 6 to 12 foot candles
Corridoors and passages- 0.5 foot candles
68. Mental health
• To promote the health and happiness of the
workers.
• To detect signs of emotional stress and strain
and to secure relief of stress and strain where
possible
• The treatment of employees suffering from
mental illness and the rehabilitation of those
11/20
w
/15 ho become ill. 68
69. MEASURES FOR WOMEN AND
CHILDREN
(1)Expectant mothers are given maternity leave for 12
weeks,
(2) Provision of free antenatal, natal and postnatal services.
(3)The Factories Act (Section 66) prohibits night work
between 7 p.m. and 6 a.m.;
(4)The Indian Mines Act (1923) prohibits work
underground.
(5) The Factories Act, 1976 provides for creches in factories
11/2w
0/1h
5 ere more than 30 women workers are employed, 69
73. PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
MEDICAL MEASURES
âť–Pre-placement examination
âť–Periodical examination
âť–Medical and health care services
âť–Notification
âť–Supervision of working environment
âť–Maintenance and analysis of records
âť–Health education and counseling
ARUN PIRAVOM 73 11/20/15
74. PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
• ENGINEERING MEASURES
âť–Design of building
âť–Good housekeeping
âť–General ventilation
âť–Mechanization
âť–Substitution
ARUN PIRAVOM 74 11/20/15
75. PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
ENGINEERING MEASURES
âť–Dust-enclosure and isolation
âť–Local exhaust ventilation
âť–Protection device
âť–Environmental monitoring
âť–Statistical monitoring and research
11/20/15 75
77. FACTORIES ACT,1948
11/20/15 77
Scope
For purposes of the act, a factory means an establishment,
•
•
In which 10 or more workers have been employed during
the preceding 12 months in a manufacturing process,
operated on power Or
In which 20 or more workers have been employed during
the preceding 12 months in manufacturing process
without power.
80. THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE
ACT,1948
• The ESI Act of 1948 covered all power-using
factories other than seasonal factories where in
20 or more persons were employed (excluding
mines, railways and defense establishments).
11/20/15 80
81. ESI Act
The provisions of the ESI (Amendment) Act of 1975 were
extended to the following new classes of establishments:
a) Small power-using factories employing 10 to 19 persons, and
non-power-using factories employing 20 or more persons
b) Shops:
c) Hotels and restaurants;
d) Cinemas and theatres;
e) Road-motor transport establishments; and
f1
)
1/2
N
0/e
15
wspaper establishments 81
82. ESI Act- Administration
• ESI Corporation
• Chairman – The Union Ministry of labour
• Vice Chairman- Secretary to Govt. of
India
11/20/15 82
83. ESI Act- Administration
Chief executive officer- Director general
Assisted by four principal officers
• Insurance commissiners
• Medical commissioners
• Finance commissioners
• Acturay
11/20/15 83
84. THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE ACT,1948
Benefits to employees
(1) Medical benefit
(2) Sickness benefit
(3)Maternity benefit
(4 Disablement benefit
(5) Dependent’s benefit
(6) Funeral expenses
11/20/15 (7) Rehabilitation allowance84
85. THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE
ACT,1948
Medical benefit
•
• The services comprises
(1) out-patient care
(2) supply of drugs and dressings
(3) specialist services in all branches of medicine
(4) pathological and radiological investigations
(5) domiciliary services
11
(/6
20)
/15
antenatal, natal and postnatal services 85
86. THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE ACT,1948
• Medical benefit
(7) immunization services
(8) family planning services
(9) emergency services
(10) ambulance services
(11) health education and
(12) in-patient treatment.
11/20/15 86
87. THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE ACT,1948
11/20/15 87
Sickness benefit
• The benefit is payable for a maximum period of
91 days, in any continuous period of 365 days, the
daily rate being about 50% of the average daily
wages
• 34 diseases for which Extended Sickness Benefit
where the insured person has been in continuous
employment for 2 years:
88. THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE
ACT,1948
Maternity benefit
• For confinement, the duration of benefit is 72
weeks, for miscarriage 6 weeks and for
sickness arising out of confinement etc. 30
days.
11/20/15 88
89. THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE
ACT,1948
11/20/15 89
Disablement benefit
• The rate of temporary disablement benefit is about 70
per cent of the wages as long as the temporary
disablement lasts.
• In case of total permanent disablement, the insured
person is given life pension on the basis of loss of
earning capacity determined by a medical board
90. THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE ACT,1948
11/20/15 90
Dependent’s benefit
• Pension at the rate of 70 per cent of wages is payable,
on monthly basis.
Funeral expenses
•The amount not exceeding Rs. 5000.
Rehabilitation
• On monthly payment of Rs 10
92. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH TEAM
• Occupational health
nurse
• Physiotherapist.
• Specialist doctor
• Industrial manager
• Supervisor
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93. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH TEAM
• Shift in charge
• Rehabilitation specialist
• Labour welfare officer
• Labour union representative.
• Representative of voluntary organizations
• Other invited members as per the need
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94. FUNCTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
NURSE
• Primary prevention
• Secondary prevention
• Tertiary prevention
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95. ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE
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• Clinician
• Primary prevention
• Emergency care
• Treatment services
• Nursing diagnosis
• General Health advice and health assessment
• Research and the use of evidence based practice
96. ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
NURSE
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Specialist
• Occupational health policy, and practice
development, implementation and evaluation
• Occupational health assessment
• Health surveillance
• Sickness absence management
97. ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
NURSE
Specialist
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• Rehabilitation
• Maintenance of work ability
• Health and safety
• Hazard identification
• Risk assessment
• Advice on control strategies
98. ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE
• Manager
• Co-ordinator
• Adviser
• Health educator
• Counsellor
• Researcher
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99. ROLE OF COMMUNTY HEALTH NURSE IN
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
• Home care
• Cooperation of plant department
• Special provision for services for women and
children
• Creche work
• Rehabilitation of the ill and injured workers
• Industrial plant survey
• Administrative responsibilities
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101. DEFINITION
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Ergonomics is the study of men at work
with a view to identify stress factors
operating in work environments and
impairing the physical, mental and
psychological health of workers and
interfering with their work performance.