envormental And occupational diseases

1. ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL
LUNG DISEASES
Omer ASLANKAN

2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL LUNG
DISEASES
• Environmental and occupational lung diseases; are respiratory conditions
caused by exposure to various substances in the environment or
workplace.
• Causes; Exposure to dusts, fibers, fumes, gases.
• They are affecting millions of workers.
• Common include asbestosis, silicosis, and coal worker's pneumoconiosis.
• Prevention; proper ventilation and personal protective equipment

3. MAIN DIFFERENCE
• Occupational diseases: are diseases caused by work or
work environment such as asbestosis, coal worker’s
pneumoconiosis (black lung), beryllosis (brown lung),
silicosis.)
• Work-related diseases: Diseases that are not occupation-
specific, but are aggravated at work, such as occupational
asthma, industrial bronchitis.

4. MAJOR TYPE OF EXPOSURE
ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL DISEASE
• Gases
• Corrosive substances (acids, alkalis)
• Dyes and stains
• Dusts and powders
• Asbestos and other fibers
• infectious agents
• Insecticides and pesticides
• Metal and metal fumes
• plastics
• Solvents
• Radiation (electromagnetic fields, X-ray radiation, ultraviolet radiation)

5. CLASSIFICATION OF OLD
• 1) Inflammation of airways
• - Inflammation of lining of respiratory system
• 2) Obstructive lung disease
• - Reversible; Occupational asthma, Byssinosis
• - Irreversible; Industrial bronchitis, emphysema
• 3) Restrictive lung disease
• - Pneumoconiosis: Silicosis, Asbestosis
• - Farmer’s lung

6. INFLAMMATION OF AIRWAYS
• is swelling and irritation of the air passages inside the lungs.
• It can be caused by various factors such as infections, allergies
and exposure to pollutants.
• Inflammation affects the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles,
• symptoms such as coughing, wheezing and shortness of
breath.

7. TYPES OF WORK-RELATED
ASTHMA
• 1) Work-exacerbated asthma: is a worsening of existing
asthma due to a cause at work.
• Risk factors; Dust, cleaning products, humidity,
irritants, allergens, molds, cold
• 2) Occupational asthma: is when something at work
causes new-onset asthma.
• Risk factors; Dusts, gases (chlorine, ammonia), fumes,
vapors, chemicals, animal fur.
• Symptoms; Wheezing, Coughing, Difficulty breathing,
chest pain.
• Diagnosis; workplace exposure history, lung function test
(spirometry), CT scan.
• Treatment; exposure reduction (and if necessary
removal), Long-term control medicines (Inhaled
corticosteroids)

8. BYSSINOSIS
• Byssinosis; Associated with the exposure to cotton, flax,
and hemp dust.
• Symptoms: wheezing and chest tightness.
• It is most common in people who work in the textile industry.
• Diagnosis; Chest x-ray, Chest CT scan and Lung function tests.
• Treatment; is to stop being exposed to the dust,
bronchodilators, Corticosteroid medicines.

9. OCCUPATIONAL
HYPERSENSITIVITY
PNEUMONITIS
• OHP; is an immunologic lung disease resulting from
lymphocytic and granulomatous inflammation.
• The most prevalent form is Farmer’s hypersensitivity
pneumonitis (FHP) or Farmer’s lung.
• Causes; moldy hay, breathe in bacteria, wood dust, Bird
droppings
• Causal exposures/industries: Agricultural workers,
Forestry workers, Mushroom workers, Bird handlers, Sugar
cane producers, Distillery workers
• Symptoms include cough, fever, and breathlessness, Dyspnea.
• Prevention; controlling dust and Reduction of exposure to
moldy organic material

10. COPD
• COPD; characterized by impaired lung function.
• Causes; Exposure to vapors, gases, dust and fumes.
• Causal exposures/industries:
• - Mineral dusts; (coal mining, construction, cement)
• - Organic dusts; ( farming, cotton textile work)
• - Chemicals; (cadmium, welding fumes, isocyanates)
• Prevention: exposure controls, ventilation, dust
reduction measures.

11. PNEUMOCONIOSIS
• Pneumoconiosis; is lung diseases caused by various inorganic
dusts. (Asbestosis, Silicosis, Coal Worker’s
pneumoconiosis, Berylliosis)
• Interstitial lung diseases involve inflammation and scarring of
lung tissue.
• Workers in industries like mining and ceramics are commonly
affected.
• Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and shortness of
breath.
• Prevention; Avoiding all dust exposure.

12. COAL WORKER'S
PNEUMOCONIOSIS
• CWP; is a lung disease that results from breathing in dust
from coal, graphite, or man-made carbon over a long time.
• Can cause industrial bronchitis, emphysema, and
progressive massive fibrosis.
• Symptoms; Cough, Shortness of breath, Coughing up of
black sputum.
• Diagnosis; Chest x-ray, Chest CT scan and Lung function tests.
• Treatment; exposure to coal dust, Medicines to keep the
airways open and reduce mucus, Oxygen therapy.

13. ASBESTOSIS
• A chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers.
• It leads to lung scarring and stiffness, impairing
breathing.
• Asbestos related diseases; Asbestosis, Pleural
disorders, Mesothelioma, Diffuse pleural
thickening , Benign pleural effusion, Pleural plagues,
Lung cancer, Laryngeal cancer
• Symptoms often appear decades after initial exposure.
• There is no cure, but treatments focus on managing
symptoms.

14. SILICOSIS
• Silicosis is caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust.
• It can progress to chronic lung disease and increase
tuberculosis risk.
• Workers in mining, construction, and stone cutting are at risk.
• Prevention: Control of exposure silica dust and
respiratory protection.
• There is no cure, but symptoms can be managed with
medical care.

15. BERYLLIOSIS
• Berylliosis; is a granulomatous disease caused by exposure to
beryllium.
• Symptoms; cough, fever, night sweats, and fatigue, weight loss
• Diagnosis; occupational history, positive blood or bronchoalveolar
lavage (BAL), beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT), and
granulomatous inflammation on lung biopsy.
• Treatment; Avoid exposure to beryllium dust, use corticosteroids