The document discusses equipment, linen, and medical supplies used in hospitals. It defines equipment as fixed or portable items used for diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. Linen refers to clothing items like cotton used in hospitals. Medical supplies include consumable and disposable items used for patient treatment. The document outlines the maintenance, cleaning, and sterilization processes for various equipment, linen, glassware, and other supplies to prevent infection and ensure proper functioning.

2. EQUIPMENT & LINEN

3. INTRODUCTION
The delivery of best health care services depends
heavily on medical equipment for life support, for
diagnosis, for patient monitoring, for the delivery of
therapies, for rehabilitation following disease or injury
and for teaching and research purpose. It can be used
alone or in combination with any accessory,
consumable or other piece of medical equipment.
Handling materials and equipments are very important
responsibility of the nurse working in the hospital.

4. EQUIPMENTS
 Fixed or portable & non expandable items
used for the diagnosis, treatment,
monitoring and direct care of patients are
referred as equipment.
 It refers to various devices, tools,
instruments that are used in hospitals and
health care works.

5. EQUIPMENTS
 These equipments must be well functioning
and adequate supplies must be there to
provide optimum nursing care.
 Insufficient and ill functioning equipments
results in increased work and dangerous for
patient.

7. DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT

8. LIFE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT

9. TREATMENT EQUIPMENT

10. GENERAL EQUIPMENTS USED IN HOSPITAL


11. USES OF EQUIPMENTS
 Diagnostic
 Therapeutic
 Monitoring
 General
 Medical

12. TYPES
 Major equipments
 Minor equipments

13. MAINTENANCE OF HOSPITAL EQUIPMENTS

14.  Daily or weekly inspection
- Visual inspection
- Performance test
- Calibration (Medical calibration refers to the process of
adjusting the accuracy of a medical display in line with
regulatory standards)
- Check out
 Planned preventive
 Breakdown

15. EQUIPMENT AUDIT
It’s a periodic evaluation system to
measure the quality of the medical
equipment.

16. MEDICAL SUPPLIES
Medical or surgical items that are
consumable, expendable, disposable or non
durable & that are used for the treatment or
diagnosis of a patients specific illness, injury
or condition.

17. DISPOSABLE PRODUCTS
A disposable product is a product
designed for single use after which its
recycled or is disposed as solid waste.

18. REUSABLE MEDICAL DEVICES
The devices that the health care providers
can reprocess and reuse on multiple patients.

19. REUSABLE MEDICAL DEVICES
 Critical devices
*it can be clean as soon as possible after using
*sterilize by moist heat after cleaning
*sterility can be maintained
 Semi critical devices
*it can be clean as soon as possible after using
*sterilize by moist heat after cleaning
 Non critical devices
*clean as necessary with discomfort
*comes in contact with unbroken skin

20. INDENT
 Nurses are expected to maintain adequate
supply of equipment, supplies and the
medicines in order to give quality service to
patients. The nurse should ensure and
control the right supply, at the right place
and in right quantity.

21. DEFINITION
 An indent is an official order or requisition
for medicine and supplies from the medical
stores.
 Indent is a list of items made for availing in
the ward.

23. PROCESS
 Its done weekly or monthly basis.
 After making the list of items which are not
available in the stock, its been sent to main store.
 As per hospital policy, days are fixed for submitting
the indent to the store.
 In each unit/ ward, the incharge person is
responsible.

24. INVENTORY
 An inventory is a detailed list of articles in the ward
including its specification and the quantity available.
 An inventory is a detailed list of all articles on the
ward their specification and standard number of
quantity.

25. TYPES OF INVENTORY
 Raw materials & purchased parts
 Work in progress
 Finished goods inventories or merchandise
 Tools and supplies
 Maintenance & repairs inventory
 Pipe line inventory
 Periodical inventory
 Helps in identifying missed or misplaced articles.

27. LINEN
 It’s a general term used to denote clothing items.
Cotton is most preferred and frequently used
material as its cheaper and more comfortable.

28. MAINTENANCE OF LINEN

29. LINEN DEPARTMENT
 All linen must be stored in a central place- the linen
department.
 The room should be closely located to the laundry
or washing area.
 The cupboards needs to be neatly labeled both
outside and inside.

30. FUNCTIONS OF LINEN DEPARTMENT
 Purchasing, stocking & distribution of linen.
 Collection of soiled and infected linen.
 Processing of linen.
 Ensure hygienic washing.
 Receiving the washed and clean linen.

31. FUNCTIONS OF LINEN DEPARTMENT
 Regular inspection.
 Distributing to different user departments.
 Condemnation of linen that cannot be repaired.
 Conducting inventory periodically.
 Maintaining registers.

32. PURCHASING & STOCKING OF LINEN
 It may be uniform for all rooms / different categories
of room & different wards may have different colors.
 In a multi speciality hospital, the ratio of bed to linen
should be 1:4 or 1:5 or as per hospital policy.
 In eye hospital 1:3 is sufficient.

33. DISTRIBUTING LINEN INTO DIFFERENT USER
DEPARTMENT
 Care of linen in each unit
 Linen is received in each unit/ward.
 Stock register is maintained by in charge.
 Maintain register for linen wash out for washing &
received after washing.
 Linen arranged neatly and kept labeled.
 Inventory of all linen should take every week.

34.  Sending linen for wash from the unit
 Collect soiled linen from every room / area.
 Never put used linen on floor.
 When taking soiled linen, it should be folded to
prevent dust from flying about and put into the
laundry bags provided.
 Prepare a record of linen sent from laundry.

35. COLLECTION OF LINEN FROM DIFFERENT AREAS
OF WARD
 Soiled linen received from various units are sorted
according to condition and type.
 Linen soiled with blood, body stain and rust washed
separately .
 In laundry linen separated type wise.
.

36. o REPAIRING OF DAMAGED LINEN
o DISTRIBUTING THE LINEN
o CONDEMNATION OF LINEN
o MAINTAIN REGISTERS AND CONDUCTING
INVENTORY PERIODICALLY
o FREQUENCY FOR WASHING

37. REMOVAL OF STAINS FROM LINEN
 Tea, coffee, coca
 spread the cloth cover over a hold & pour boiling
water from reasonable height.
 Rub lemon, boric powder over the stain & keep in
sunlight.
 Wash with soap & water.
 Milk & sodium carbonate can be used.

38.  Vegetable stains
 Apply salt over the stain .
 Pour hot water over it.
 Apply ammonia (NHз) / hydrogen peroxide solution
.
 Gention violet stains
 Soak the satin area in a bowl / mug with raw milk
for several hours.
 Wash as usual.

39.  Medicine stain
 Apply clear alcohol & wash well.
 Ink stain
 Wet the stain area with cold water.
 Sprinkle the salt & lemon juice / ammonia.
 Iron stain
 Rub stain with lemon juice & pour kerosene oil.

40.  Grease / oil
 Soak the stained in a mug filled with kerosene oil,
rub it.
 Wash with soap & water, then dry in the sun.
 Put a blotting paper over the cleaned area of stain
& iron it.
 Paint and varnish
 Same as grease and oil.
 Turpentine also used to soak in addition to
kerosene oil.
 Perspiration
 Put few drops of ammonia

41. CLEANSING & DISINFECTION
 Linen
 Blankets
 Mattress & pillows
 Dry cleaning

42. MAINTENANCE, CLEANING, DISINFECTION AND
STERILIZATION
 Rubber goods
The rubber goods are both natural and synthetic
rubber are processed to turn into a usable product.
Eg: Mackintosh, rubber tubes, hot water bottles,
gloves, pillows, air and water mattress, aquathermic
pads, rubber bulb used with asepto.

43. GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR CARE OF RUBBER
ARTICLES
 Do not use hot water to clean, sunlight for drying or
keep heat radiator.
 Can not use hydrocarbons for cleaning rubber
articles.
 Do not fold rubber sheets.
 Do not stick pin on rubber goods.
 Store rubber goods in wooden cup boards.
 Do not use clamps for long periods.
 Time period for the use of a hot water bottle, water
flow pads, ice collars not more than 15-20 minutes.

44. CARE OF RUBBER ARTICLES AFTER USE
 Mackintosh
 De contaminate by immersing in a tub of 0.5% chlorine/
sodium hypochloride/ chlorhexidine solution.
 Spread the mackintosh on a flat surface and wet it
pouring water on it.
 Use a piece of clean cloth or a plastic scrubber to apply
soap.
 Dry it in shade.

45.  Rubber tubes
 Hold the tube upside down under running water to
let the stream of water run through it.
 Use swab stick to remove any organic matter
blocking the tip of tube.
 Use soap and water to clean the dirt and grease on
the surface of the tube.
 Hang the tubes to dry in cool/ shaded place.
 Powder outer surface using dusting powder.
 Wrap individual tube using a piece of thin cloth and
boil for 5 minutes or autoclave it.

46.  Hot water bottle, Ice caps, Air cushions
 Remove outer cloth cover of each item after use.
 Empty the contents.
 Deflate the air cushion.
 Clean and wipe thoroughly.
 Hang them upside down for drip drying.
 Check the rubber item for leakage of air or water.
 Store in cool dry place.

47. GLASS WARE
 Glass ware is defined as containers or objects
made from glass.
 Care of glass wares:
 Disinfect the items by immersing in 0.5%
chlorine/sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes.
 Clean glass wares using mild liquid soap.
 Rinse the glass items under cold running water.
 Dry, separate and wrap the item & send for
autoclaving.

48. INSTRUMENTS
 Always immerse the used instruments in 0.5% of
chlorine solution for 5minutes before washing.
 Wash instruments in cold running water.
 Separate sharp instruments.
 Put a hard rubber cap on fine tip instrument.
 Let them dry, then wrap and pack.

49. ENAMEL ITEMS
 Enamel refers to a glassy, vitreous and usually
opaque substance that is used in protective or
decorative coating on metal, glass or ceramic ware.
Eg: Trays, Kidney trays, Basins, Bowl, Funnel, Jars,
Pint measures, Urinals, Bed pans, Enema cans,
Buckets, Bath tubs, Dishes etc.

50. STAINLESS STEEL ITEMS
 Stainless steel is an alloy of steel with chromium&
sometimes another element (such as nickel or
molybdenum) that is practically immune to rusting
and ordinary corrosion.
Eg: Forceps, Scopes, Sharp instruments etc.
NICKEL PLATED ITEMS
 It include wires used in biochemistry and pathology
laboratories and guide wires used in radio
diagnostic procedures. These items can be
sterilized by flaming.

51. PLASTIC & POLY VINYL CHLORIDE ITEMS
 Many of these items are disposable and should be
discarded in the appropriate container.
 Plastic and PVC items are heat sensitive and there
fore should be boiled, repeatedly heated or kept
near radiators.

52. CERAMIC ITEMS
 A ceramic is a material that is neither metallic nor
organic. It may be crystalline, glassy or both
crystalline and glassy. They are typically hard and
chemically non reactive and can be formed or
densified with heat.
Eg: Nelsons inhaler, Mortar and pestle, Bowl, Plate
etc.

53. FIBER OPTIC WITH CAMERA ITEMS
 Fiber optics is thin transparent fibers of glass /
plastic that are enclosed by material of a lower
refractive index and that transmits light through out
their length by internal reflections; also: a bundle of
such fibers used in an instrument (as for viewing
body cavities).

54. ITEMS USED ELECTRIC CURRENT
 Suction machine
Suction machine (aspirators) create vacuum which
draws out mucus and gases from a patients airway
or body cavity during surgery.
 Wear clean gloves.
 Add sodium hypochlorite solution to container.
 Care of suction tubes.
 Care of jar.
 Use oil or grease for wheels.

55.  Refrigerator
 Frost forming refrigerators
 No frost forming refrigerators
 Care of refrigerators
• Defrost and empty contents every week.
• Let the frost melt.
• Clean with mild soap solution inside and outside.
• Do not open the refrigerator door frequently and un
necessarily.
• Keep refrigerators at a cool, dry place away from
the walls.

56. CLEANING AND DISINFECTION OF FURNITURE
 Wipe the dust on furniture using a piece of dry,
clean, soft cloth daily.
 Disinfect iron, steel, plastic furniture and incubators
using disinfectant every day.
 Do not overload the shelves or cupboards.
 Teach ward staff how to handle furniture properly.

57. STERILIZATION
 It’s the process by which both the pathogenic and non
pathogenic micro organisms including their spores are
destroyed from objects. These are various methods
used for sterilization
 Direct sunlight
 Boiling
 Chemical disinfection (fumigation &gas sterilization)
 Radiation and UV ray
 Hot air
 Autoclaving
 Flaming