Ocular surface disease
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
7 likes•4,439 views
Ocular surface disease (OSD), commonly known as dry eye, affects 25 million people in the US and costs $3.8 billion annually. It causes ocular discomfort and vision problems. The main causes include aging, climate, genetics, medications, LASIK, and work environment. Secondary OSD can be caused by conditions like Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid dysfunction, and diabetes. Diagnosis involves questionnaires, dye tests, meibomian gland expression, and newer tests of tear osmolarity, meibography, and biomarkers. Treatment depends on whether the dry eye is aqueous deficient or due to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). For MGD, treatments focus on lid
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery
This document discusses non-penetrating glaucoma surgery techniques that facilitate the drainage of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal without opening the anterior chamber. It describes several procedures including deep sclerectomy, viscocanalostomy, canaloplasty, ab-externo trabeculectomy, and laser trabecular ablation. The goal is to bypass the highest resistance point to outflow in the juxtacanalicular meshwork. Advantages include lower risks of complications like hypotony compared to penetrating surgeries. Indications and contraindications are provided for various non-penetrating glaucoma procedures.
Corneal collagen cross linking
This document discusses corneal collagen cross linking (C3R), a treatment for keratoconus. It begins by describing keratoconus and its symptoms. It then discusses the original C3R protocol developed by Seiler and Spoerl, which involves removing the corneal epithelium, soaking the cornea in riboflavin, and exposing it to UV light. Modifications to the protocol aim to reduce complications by using higher irradiance for less time, different riboflavin delivery methods, and leaving the epithelium intact. Studies show C3R increases corneal collagen bonds and rigidity while halting keratoconus progression in most cases. Contraindications and post-op care are also outlined
Surgical strategies for small pupils - Malyugin Ring
Boris Malyugin, M.D., PhD.'s presentation about Malyugin Ring® pearls. The key learning points of the presentation include the step-wise approach in managing small pupils, the main drivers for the decision to use pupil expander device, and the Malyugin Ring® implantation and removal pearls.
A-V pattern strabismus
The document discusses patterns of strabismus, specifically the A pattern and V pattern. The A pattern involves relative convergence on upgaze and divergence on downgaze, while the V pattern is the opposite with relative divergence on upgaze and convergence on downgaze. Variants include the X, Y, lambda, and diamond patterns. The etiology of these patterns involves dysfunction of the horizontal, vertical, or oblique eye muscles. Clinical features may include anomalous head posture, amblyopia, and abnormal retinal correspondence. Diagnosis involves measuring alignment in upgaze and downgaze while preventing accommodation.
Anterior segment OCT & UBM
UBM and ASOCT provide high-resolution cross-sectional images of the anterior segment including the cornea, anterior chamber, angle, and iris. ASOCT uses optical coherence tomography with a wavelength of 1310nm for improved penetration and reduced retinal damage compared to posterior segment OCT. It allows high-speed imaging of dynamic structures. ASOCT has applications in assessing corneal diseases and procedures, glaucoma (including angle anatomy and iridotomy evaluation), and intraocular lens implantation. Measurements of angle width parameters help evaluate angle closure risk. While valuable for objective angle assessment, ASOCT cannot image all anatomical structures involved in glaucoma.
Intra Ocular lens
The document provides an overview of intraocular lenses (IOLs). It discusses the history and definition of IOLs, the generations of IOLs, parts of an IOL, IOL designs, materials, and properties. It also covers IOL placement sites, power calculation, complications like posterior capsular opacification, and recent advances in premium IOLs including multifocal, accommodative, and toric lenses.
Assessment of corneal endothelium
This document discusses the corneal endothelium and techniques for assessing its health and function. The corneal endothelium is a single layer of hexagonal cells that maintains corneal clarity by pumping fluid out of the stroma. Assessment techniques described include specular microscopy, which allows analysis of endothelial cell density, morphology, and patterns under high magnification; confocal microscopy; anterior segment OCT; and ultrasound pachymetry to measure corneal thickness as an indicator of endothelial function. Common indications for assessment include pre- and post-operative evaluation, and evaluation of donor corneas for transplantation.
Lasers in Glaucoma
This document discusses the use of lasers in the treatment of glaucoma. It begins by introducing different types of lasers used, including Nd:YAG lasers. It then covers specific laser procedures for glaucoma such as laser iridotomy to relieve pupillary block, laser iridoplasty to modify the iris, and laser trabeculoplasty to increase outflow. It compares argon laser trabeculoplasty to selective laser trabeculoplasty. The document also discusses laser techniques for angle closure glaucoma, post-operative treatment, and cyclophotocoagulation to reduce aqueous production. Throughout, it provides details on laser parameters and outcomes of these procedures.
Recommended
Nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery
This document discusses non-penetrating glaucoma surgery techniques that facilitate the drainage of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal without opening the anterior chamber. It describes several procedures including deep sclerectomy, viscocanalostomy, canaloplasty, ab-externo trabeculectomy, and laser trabecular ablation. The goal is to bypass the highest resistance point to outflow in the juxtacanalicular meshwork. Advantages include lower risks of complications like hypotony compared to penetrating surgeries. Indications and contraindications are provided for various non-penetrating glaucoma procedures.
Corneal collagen cross linking
This document discusses corneal collagen cross linking (C3R), a treatment for keratoconus. It begins by describing keratoconus and its symptoms. It then discusses the original C3R protocol developed by Seiler and Spoerl, which involves removing the corneal epithelium, soaking the cornea in riboflavin, and exposing it to UV light. Modifications to the protocol aim to reduce complications by using higher irradiance for less time, different riboflavin delivery methods, and leaving the epithelium intact. Studies show C3R increases corneal collagen bonds and rigidity while halting keratoconus progression in most cases. Contraindications and post-op care are also outlined
Surgical strategies for small pupils - Malyugin Ring
Boris Malyugin, M.D., PhD.'s presentation about Malyugin Ring® pearls. The key learning points of the presentation include the step-wise approach in managing small pupils, the main drivers for the decision to use pupil expander device, and the Malyugin Ring® implantation and removal pearls.
A-V pattern strabismus
The document discusses patterns of strabismus, specifically the A pattern and V pattern. The A pattern involves relative convergence on upgaze and divergence on downgaze, while the V pattern is the opposite with relative divergence on upgaze and convergence on downgaze. Variants include the X, Y, lambda, and diamond patterns. The etiology of these patterns involves dysfunction of the horizontal, vertical, or oblique eye muscles. Clinical features may include anomalous head posture, amblyopia, and abnormal retinal correspondence. Diagnosis involves measuring alignment in upgaze and downgaze while preventing accommodation.
Anterior segment OCT & UBM
UBM and ASOCT provide high-resolution cross-sectional images of the anterior segment including the cornea, anterior chamber, angle, and iris. ASOCT uses optical coherence tomography with a wavelength of 1310nm for improved penetration and reduced retinal damage compared to posterior segment OCT. It allows high-speed imaging of dynamic structures. ASOCT has applications in assessing corneal diseases and procedures, glaucoma (including angle anatomy and iridotomy evaluation), and intraocular lens implantation. Measurements of angle width parameters help evaluate angle closure risk. While valuable for objective angle assessment, ASOCT cannot image all anatomical structures involved in glaucoma.
Intra Ocular lens
The document provides an overview of intraocular lenses (IOLs). It discusses the history and definition of IOLs, the generations of IOLs, parts of an IOL, IOL designs, materials, and properties. It also covers IOL placement sites, power calculation, complications like posterior capsular opacification, and recent advances in premium IOLs including multifocal, accommodative, and toric lenses.
Assessment of corneal endothelium
This document discusses the corneal endothelium and techniques for assessing its health and function. The corneal endothelium is a single layer of hexagonal cells that maintains corneal clarity by pumping fluid out of the stroma. Assessment techniques described include specular microscopy, which allows analysis of endothelial cell density, morphology, and patterns under high magnification; confocal microscopy; anterior segment OCT; and ultrasound pachymetry to measure corneal thickness as an indicator of endothelial function. Common indications for assessment include pre- and post-operative evaluation, and evaluation of donor corneas for transplantation.
Lasers in Glaucoma
This document discusses the use of lasers in the treatment of glaucoma. It begins by introducing different types of lasers used, including Nd:YAG lasers. It then covers specific laser procedures for glaucoma such as laser iridotomy to relieve pupillary block, laser iridoplasty to modify the iris, and laser trabeculoplasty to increase outflow. It compares argon laser trabeculoplasty to selective laser trabeculoplasty. The document also discusses laser techniques for angle closure glaucoma, post-operative treatment, and cyclophotocoagulation to reduce aqueous production. Throughout, it provides details on laser parameters and outcomes of these procedures.
Gonioscopy: gonioscopic lenses, principle and clinical aspects
This document discusses gonioscopy, which is used to examine the anterior chamber angle. It begins by explaining that the angle cannot be viewed directly due to total internal reflection at the cornea. Gonioscopic lenses eliminate this effect by matching the cornea's refractive index. There are two main types of lenses - indirect lenses use mirrors and direct lenses refract light. The document then describes various gonioscopic lenses and techniques like indentation gonioscopy. It outlines the clinical uses of gonioscopy and provides examples of gonioscopic findings. In summary, the document provides an in-depth overview of gonioscopy equipment, techniques, and applications.
Pco - by dr. Heba mahmoud (M D)
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common complication of cataract surgery where an opaque membrane develops over the posterior capsule. The incidence of PCO ranges from 2-97% depending on the type of surgery and time since surgery. Risk factors include younger age, diabetes, uveitis, and surgical technique. PCO occurs via proliferation, migration, and differentiation of residual lens epithelial cells into either Elschnig pearls or fibrotic membranes. Grading of PCO ranges from grade 0 to 4 based on the degree of visual axis obscuration. Prevention strategies focus on surgical techniques like continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and cortical cleanup as well as intraocular lens factors like sharp
keratoprosthesis
Keratoprosthesis is a surgical procedure that replaces a severely damaged or diseased cornea with an artificial cornea to restore vision. The first attempts at keratoprosthesis in humans date back to the mid-19th century, but most implants failed. Modern keratoprosthesis designs like the Boston KPro and AlphaCor KPro sandwich a donor corneal graft between plastic plates. Complications can include melting/extrusion of the implant, infection, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and formation of membranes behind the implant. Close post-operative monitoring is required to manage complications and maintain vision with keratoprosthesis implants.
Accommodation
The document summarizes several theories of accommodation, including Helmholtz's relaxation theory, Schachar's theory, and the catenary theory. It also discusses clinical assessment of accommodation and various anomalies such as insufficiency, excess, spasm, and infacility. Treatment options mentioned include spectacle correction, vision therapy exercises to stimulate or relax accommodation, and in rare cases, cycloplegic drugs.
Slit lamp (methods of illumination)
This document describes various methods of illumination used with a slit lamp to examine different parts of the eye. Diffuse illumination allows for a general survey of the eye while optic section, parallelepiped, and retroillumination techniques are used to view specific structures like the cornea, lens, and vitreous in more detail. Different angles of illumination like tangential, conical beam, and oscillatory help observe surface textures, cells in the aqueous humor, and lens opacities. Precise illumination techniques are crucial for comprehensive eye exams.
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment (ICRSs)
Intracorneal ring segments, such as INTACS, are thin plastic rings that are implanted into the corneal stroma to flatten the cornea and reduce myopia. They are placed in a lamellar channel using either a mechanical or laser procedure. Thicker rings provide greater flattening and myopia correction. Potential risks include visual disturbances and complications requiring removal. Intracorneal rings have been used off-label to treat conditions like post-LASIK ectasia and keratectasia with some success in improving vision.
Newer phacoemulsification techniques
Basic overview of phaco dynamics along with all the Newer phacoemulsification techniques available in current practice - a video-assisted the presentation
Vitreous substitutes
This document discusses various vitreous substitutes and intraocular gases used to replace the vitreous humor after surgery. It describes the anatomy and composition of the natural vitreous and ideal properties for substitutes. Common substitutes discussed include gases like air, sulfur hexafluoride and perfluorocarbons; liquids like silicone oil, perfluorocarbon liquids and semi-fluorinated alkanes; and experimental polymers and implants. The document compares different options and provides details on how each works, associated complications, and appropriate uses.
Pentacam
The document describes the use of various Pentacam maps and indices for screening patients for keratoconus, including:
1) The standard 4-map composite report, keratoconus map, Holladay report, and Belin/Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display.
2) Key features to examine on each map include anterior and posterior elevation maps, pachymetry maps, curvature maps, and indices values.
3) The Belin/Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display aims to improve sensitivity by calculating an "enhanced" best fit sphere reference surface that excludes the thinnest corneal region, highlighting differences between normal and ectatic corneas.
16 superior oblique palsy
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of superior oblique palsy. It begins by describing the anatomy and function of the superior oblique muscle. Superior oblique palsy can result in hypertropia, excyclotorsion, and esotropia that are greater in certain gazes. Causes may be congenital or acquired from trauma or vascular issues. Diagnosis involves evaluating eye movements, diplopia, and head tilt. Non-surgical treatment includes patching or prisms while surgery involves weakening the antagonist inferior oblique muscle or tucking the superior oblique tendon. The goal of treatment is to expand the field of single vision while minimizing complications.
Choroidal detachment
Serous choroidal detachment occurs when fluid accumulates between the choroid and sclera, lifting the choroid. It is often related to low intraocular pressure after surgery or trauma. Hemorrhagic choroidal detachment results from rupture of short posterior ciliary arteries due to trauma, surgery, or increased pressure. Ultrasound shows a smooth dome-shaped elevation and OCT may show retinal pigment epithelium thickening. Management includes cycloplegia, corticosteroids, increasing intraocular pressure, and sometimes choroidal drainage surgery. Prognosis depends on extent of detachment and hemorrhage, with limited detachments having better outcomes.
Piggyback iol
Piggyback IOL, IOL power calculation, complication, indication, consideration, prerequisites, options for piggyback IOL, types,
AS OCT & UBM - Dr Shylesh B Dabke
This document compares and contrasts AS-OCT (anterior segment optical coherence tomography) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) imaging techniques for evaluating the anterior eye segment.
It discusses that AS-OCT provides non-contact, high resolution cross-sectional imaging of the anterior segment structures without touching the eye. UBM uses high frequency ultrasound to generate detailed 2D images of the anterior segment, allowing visualization of structures like the iris and angle.
While both techniques allow qualitative and quantitative assessment of the anterior chamber angle and structures, AS-OCT has advantages of being non-contact, faster imaging, and less operator dependency compared to UBM. However, UBM can image deeper into the posterior iris and has greater penetration than
ultrasound biomicroscopy
Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) provides high-resolution imaging of ocular structures in the anterior segment of the eye using 50 MHz ultrasound. UBM allows visualization of tissues like the ciliary body and zonules that are not visible by slit lamp examination. UBM can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the anterior segment structures and has applications in diagnosing and monitoring conditions like glaucoma, corneal diseases, tumors, and intraocular lenses. While UBM provides excellent detail, it has limitations including only being able to image about 5mm into the eye and requiring contact with the eye, unlike anterior segment OCT which is non-contact.
Oct in glaucoma
This document discusses using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to analyze the macula, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and optic nerve head in patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. It describes how OCT can measure macular thickness, RNFL thickness, and optic disc parameters. Five case studies are presented showing how structural changes seen on OCT correlate with functional defects on visual field tests or clinical findings. The document concludes by mentioning Doppler OCT may help understand the role of blood flow in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
Prism adaptation
Prism adaptation changes over time as the eye absorbs the correction. Prism adaptation is present in patients and the mechanism is related to changes in the tonic position of the vergence system. The vergence system has both fast and slow components and prism adaptation is different at both distance and near. Patients should be assessed before being prescribed prism corrections.
Diagnosis of pre perimetric glaucoma
This document discusses the diagnosis of pre-perimetric glaucoma. It begins by defining pre-perimetric glaucoma as optic nerve abnormalities seen on structural tests with normal visual fields. It then discusses the need for early diagnosis before functional changes occur. Various functional tests are described like standard automated perimetry, short wavelength automated perimetry, frequency doubling technology, and others. Structural tests like confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, and their principles are summarized.
IOL Master
This document provides information about optical biometry and the IOL Master device. It discusses the principles and history of optical interferometry, intended uses of the IOL Master including axial length measurement, corneal curvature measurement, and IOL power calculation. Screen layouts and measurements taken by the IOL Master are described. Advantages include highly accurate and non-contact measurements, while limitations include inability to measure in cases of severe media opacities or poor patient cooperation.
Scleral fixation technique
various technique for scleral fixation from various documentation
it took quiet sometimes to gather all material
hope you find it's useful
Cataract Surgery: Small Pupil by Dr Joobin Khadamy
A case of dense nuclear cataract has undergone phacoemulsificaton by horizontal chop technique. the pupil was small so Iris retractor was utilized. Intraocular lens was implanted.
New Technologies for Successfully Managing Ocular Surface Inflammation
This document discusses new technologies for managing ocular surface inflammation. It begins by defining ocular surface disease and noting its prevalence. Various causes of ocular surface disease are described, including infectious, immune-related, traumatic/systemic, and iatrogenic factors. Current treatment paradigms focus on passive therapies to reduce inflammation like bandage contact lenses and topical steroids, but these can delay healing. Emerging options aim to control inflammation, prevent tissue damage, and stimulate regenerative healing using amniotic membrane biologics which promote healing and reduce inflammation. Cryopreserved amniotic membrane is presented as a safe and effective option to treat various ocular surface conditions.
Eyecare Myths
This document summarizes common wisdom and myths in eye care. It discusses topics like angle closure glaucoma diagnosis and treatment, ocular perfusion pressure, retinal arteriole narrowing risk for glaucoma, benefits of brimonidine vs timolol, role of OCT vs visual fields, disc hemorrhage significance, benefits of timolol, alternative glaucoma treatments, and emerging MIGS procedures and drug delivery methods. It also addresses coding changes, third party payer issues, and risks of EMR audits.
More Related Content
What's hot
Gonioscopy: gonioscopic lenses, principle and clinical aspects
This document discusses gonioscopy, which is used to examine the anterior chamber angle. It begins by explaining that the angle cannot be viewed directly due to total internal reflection at the cornea. Gonioscopic lenses eliminate this effect by matching the cornea's refractive index. There are two main types of lenses - indirect lenses use mirrors and direct lenses refract light. The document then describes various gonioscopic lenses and techniques like indentation gonioscopy. It outlines the clinical uses of gonioscopy and provides examples of gonioscopic findings. In summary, the document provides an in-depth overview of gonioscopy equipment, techniques, and applications.
Pco - by dr. Heba mahmoud (M D)
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common complication of cataract surgery where an opaque membrane develops over the posterior capsule. The incidence of PCO ranges from 2-97% depending on the type of surgery and time since surgery. Risk factors include younger age, diabetes, uveitis, and surgical technique. PCO occurs via proliferation, migration, and differentiation of residual lens epithelial cells into either Elschnig pearls or fibrotic membranes. Grading of PCO ranges from grade 0 to 4 based on the degree of visual axis obscuration. Prevention strategies focus on surgical techniques like continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and cortical cleanup as well as intraocular lens factors like sharp
keratoprosthesis
Keratoprosthesis is a surgical procedure that replaces a severely damaged or diseased cornea with an artificial cornea to restore vision. The first attempts at keratoprosthesis in humans date back to the mid-19th century, but most implants failed. Modern keratoprosthesis designs like the Boston KPro and AlphaCor KPro sandwich a donor corneal graft between plastic plates. Complications can include melting/extrusion of the implant, infection, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and formation of membranes behind the implant. Close post-operative monitoring is required to manage complications and maintain vision with keratoprosthesis implants.
Accommodation
The document summarizes several theories of accommodation, including Helmholtz's relaxation theory, Schachar's theory, and the catenary theory. It also discusses clinical assessment of accommodation and various anomalies such as insufficiency, excess, spasm, and infacility. Treatment options mentioned include spectacle correction, vision therapy exercises to stimulate or relax accommodation, and in rare cases, cycloplegic drugs.
Slit lamp (methods of illumination)
This document describes various methods of illumination used with a slit lamp to examine different parts of the eye. Diffuse illumination allows for a general survey of the eye while optic section, parallelepiped, and retroillumination techniques are used to view specific structures like the cornea, lens, and vitreous in more detail. Different angles of illumination like tangential, conical beam, and oscillatory help observe surface textures, cells in the aqueous humor, and lens opacities. Precise illumination techniques are crucial for comprehensive eye exams.
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment (ICRSs)
Intracorneal ring segments, such as INTACS, are thin plastic rings that are implanted into the corneal stroma to flatten the cornea and reduce myopia. They are placed in a lamellar channel using either a mechanical or laser procedure. Thicker rings provide greater flattening and myopia correction. Potential risks include visual disturbances and complications requiring removal. Intracorneal rings have been used off-label to treat conditions like post-LASIK ectasia and keratectasia with some success in improving vision.
Newer phacoemulsification techniques
Basic overview of phaco dynamics along with all the Newer phacoemulsification techniques available in current practice - a video-assisted the presentation
Vitreous substitutes
This document discusses various vitreous substitutes and intraocular gases used to replace the vitreous humor after surgery. It describes the anatomy and composition of the natural vitreous and ideal properties for substitutes. Common substitutes discussed include gases like air, sulfur hexafluoride and perfluorocarbons; liquids like silicone oil, perfluorocarbon liquids and semi-fluorinated alkanes; and experimental polymers and implants. The document compares different options and provides details on how each works, associated complications, and appropriate uses.
Pentacam
The document describes the use of various Pentacam maps and indices for screening patients for keratoconus, including:
1) The standard 4-map composite report, keratoconus map, Holladay report, and Belin/Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display.
2) Key features to examine on each map include anterior and posterior elevation maps, pachymetry maps, curvature maps, and indices values.
3) The Belin/Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display aims to improve sensitivity by calculating an "enhanced" best fit sphere reference surface that excludes the thinnest corneal region, highlighting differences between normal and ectatic corneas.
16 superior oblique palsy
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of superior oblique palsy. It begins by describing the anatomy and function of the superior oblique muscle. Superior oblique palsy can result in hypertropia, excyclotorsion, and esotropia that are greater in certain gazes. Causes may be congenital or acquired from trauma or vascular issues. Diagnosis involves evaluating eye movements, diplopia, and head tilt. Non-surgical treatment includes patching or prisms while surgery involves weakening the antagonist inferior oblique muscle or tucking the superior oblique tendon. The goal of treatment is to expand the field of single vision while minimizing complications.
Choroidal detachment
Serous choroidal detachment occurs when fluid accumulates between the choroid and sclera, lifting the choroid. It is often related to low intraocular pressure after surgery or trauma. Hemorrhagic choroidal detachment results from rupture of short posterior ciliary arteries due to trauma, surgery, or increased pressure. Ultrasound shows a smooth dome-shaped elevation and OCT may show retinal pigment epithelium thickening. Management includes cycloplegia, corticosteroids, increasing intraocular pressure, and sometimes choroidal drainage surgery. Prognosis depends on extent of detachment and hemorrhage, with limited detachments having better outcomes.
Piggyback iol
Piggyback IOL, IOL power calculation, complication, indication, consideration, prerequisites, options for piggyback IOL, types,
AS OCT & UBM - Dr Shylesh B Dabke
This document compares and contrasts AS-OCT (anterior segment optical coherence tomography) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) imaging techniques for evaluating the anterior eye segment.
It discusses that AS-OCT provides non-contact, high resolution cross-sectional imaging of the anterior segment structures without touching the eye. UBM uses high frequency ultrasound to generate detailed 2D images of the anterior segment, allowing visualization of structures like the iris and angle.
While both techniques allow qualitative and quantitative assessment of the anterior chamber angle and structures, AS-OCT has advantages of being non-contact, faster imaging, and less operator dependency compared to UBM. However, UBM can image deeper into the posterior iris and has greater penetration than
ultrasound biomicroscopy
Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) provides high-resolution imaging of ocular structures in the anterior segment of the eye using 50 MHz ultrasound. UBM allows visualization of tissues like the ciliary body and zonules that are not visible by slit lamp examination. UBM can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the anterior segment structures and has applications in diagnosing and monitoring conditions like glaucoma, corneal diseases, tumors, and intraocular lenses. While UBM provides excellent detail, it has limitations including only being able to image about 5mm into the eye and requiring contact with the eye, unlike anterior segment OCT which is non-contact.
Oct in glaucoma
This document discusses using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to analyze the macula, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and optic nerve head in patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. It describes how OCT can measure macular thickness, RNFL thickness, and optic disc parameters. Five case studies are presented showing how structural changes seen on OCT correlate with functional defects on visual field tests or clinical findings. The document concludes by mentioning Doppler OCT may help understand the role of blood flow in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
Prism adaptation
Prism adaptation changes over time as the eye absorbs the correction. Prism adaptation is present in patients and the mechanism is related to changes in the tonic position of the vergence system. The vergence system has both fast and slow components and prism adaptation is different at both distance and near. Patients should be assessed before being prescribed prism corrections.
Diagnosis of pre perimetric glaucoma
This document discusses the diagnosis of pre-perimetric glaucoma. It begins by defining pre-perimetric glaucoma as optic nerve abnormalities seen on structural tests with normal visual fields. It then discusses the need for early diagnosis before functional changes occur. Various functional tests are described like standard automated perimetry, short wavelength automated perimetry, frequency doubling technology, and others. Structural tests like confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, and their principles are summarized.
IOL Master
This document provides information about optical biometry and the IOL Master device. It discusses the principles and history of optical interferometry, intended uses of the IOL Master including axial length measurement, corneal curvature measurement, and IOL power calculation. Screen layouts and measurements taken by the IOL Master are described. Advantages include highly accurate and non-contact measurements, while limitations include inability to measure in cases of severe media opacities or poor patient cooperation.
Scleral fixation technique
various technique for scleral fixation from various documentation
it took quiet sometimes to gather all material
hope you find it's useful
Cataract Surgery: Small Pupil by Dr Joobin Khadamy
A case of dense nuclear cataract has undergone phacoemulsificaton by horizontal chop technique. the pupil was small so Iris retractor was utilized. Intraocular lens was implanted.
What's hot (20)
Gonioscopy: gonioscopic lenses, principle and clinical aspects
Gonioscopy: gonioscopic lenses, principle and clinical aspects
Cataract Surgery: Small Pupil by Dr Joobin Khadamy
Cataract Surgery: Small Pupil by Dr Joobin Khadamy
Viewers also liked
New Technologies for Successfully Managing Ocular Surface Inflammation
This document discusses new technologies for managing ocular surface inflammation. It begins by defining ocular surface disease and noting its prevalence. Various causes of ocular surface disease are described, including infectious, immune-related, traumatic/systemic, and iatrogenic factors. Current treatment paradigms focus on passive therapies to reduce inflammation like bandage contact lenses and topical steroids, but these can delay healing. Emerging options aim to control inflammation, prevent tissue damage, and stimulate regenerative healing using amniotic membrane biologics which promote healing and reduce inflammation. Cryopreserved amniotic membrane is presented as a safe and effective option to treat various ocular surface conditions.
Eyecare Myths
This document summarizes common wisdom and myths in eye care. It discusses topics like angle closure glaucoma diagnosis and treatment, ocular perfusion pressure, retinal arteriole narrowing risk for glaucoma, benefits of brimonidine vs timolol, role of OCT vs visual fields, disc hemorrhage significance, benefits of timolol, alternative glaucoma treatments, and emerging MIGS procedures and drug delivery methods. It also addresses coding changes, third party payer issues, and risks of EMR audits.
Surgery for Optometry
Optometrists in New Mexico are now allowed to perform certain surgical procedures according to a statute passed in 2007. These include procedures like chalazion removal, punctal plug placement, and lesion removal. Performing surgery requires additional supplies, equipment, training and risks that many optometrists have not pursued due to the investment required. However, embracing these new surgical privileges could expand treatment options for patients and reimbursement opportunities for optometrists' practices. This presentation reviewed the definitions and coding of eye surgery, considerations for pursuing it, basic supplies and instruments needed, example procedures that could be performed, informed consent requirements, and liability issues.
The Visual Field for Technicians
This document discusses visual field testing methods and interpretation. It describes common visual field tests including confrontation, kinetic perimetry, and static automated perimetry. Normal visual fields subtend approximately 140 degrees monocularly. Automated static perimetry tests like Humphrey and Octopus are now commonly used to evaluate for conditions like glaucoma by testing the central 24 or 30 degrees. Test results are interpreted through gray scale and total deviation plots to identify localized areas of visual field loss and global indices provide an overall measure of sensitivity. Common defects seen in glaucoma include arcuate scotomas and temporal wedges. Neurological field defects can be homonymous or heteronomous depending on the lesion location.
Dry Eyes 2013
In today's digital environment Dry Eyes and associated symptoms have become an epidemic. This presentation was recently delivered at a Pharmacy convention in Sydney Australia. It is applicable for anyone with dry eye problems.
Neuro-ophthalmic Complications in Multiple Sclerosis
This document discusses neuro-ophthalmic complications in multiple sclerosis (MS), including the disease mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, imaging findings, and ophthalmic manifestations. Key points include:
- MS is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease that causes focal lesions in the central nervous system, affecting sensory and motor functions.
- McDonald criteria uses MRI to document dissemination of lesions in time and space for formal diagnosis of MS.
- Common ophthalmic manifestations include demyelinating optic neuritis (DON), eye movement palsies, nystagmus, and uveitis.
- Treatment for DON includes intravenous steroids, with oral steroids and immunomodulatory
Current Trends in Diagnosis and Management of Glaucoma
This document discusses current trends in glaucoma diagnosis and management. It provides information on the types and classifications of glaucoma, risk factors, screening recommendations, diagnostic testing procedures, treatment options and targets. Key points include that glaucoma can cause progressive, irreversible vision loss often without symptoms until late stages; various drug classes and surgical procedures are used for treatment depending on the type and severity of glaucoma. Ongoing research continues to improve early detection and lower vision loss rates over time.
Ocular Herpes
This document discusses ocular herpes, including herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). HZO causes a dermatomal rash along the trigeminal nerve and can lead to ocular involvement. Treatment includes oral, topical, or dermatological antivirals. HSV is common and can cause various forms of keratitis through epithelial, stromal, neurotrophic, or endothelial involvement. Management involves antiviral medications, topical steroids, and debridement as needed depending on the type and severity of infection. Long term sequelae can include recurrent uveitis, dry eye, scarring, or neuralgia.
The Visual Field - For Doctors
This document discusses visual field testing techniques used to evaluate the peripheral visual field. It describes common manual and automated methods, including confrontation, kinetic perimetry, and static threshold testing. The document provides details on visual field devices such as the Goldmann perimeter, Humphrey Field Analyzer, and Frequency Doubling Technology perimeters. It also reviews data analysis, common defects, and the use of visual field testing to evaluate conditions like glaucoma, neurologic diseases, and side effects of medications.
Dry eye presentation latest-Dr Dildar Singh
This document reviews diagnostic approaches and treatments for dry eye disease. It begins by defining dry eye as a multifactorial disease resulting from tear film instability and inflammation of the ocular surface. Diagnostic assessments include both subjective evaluations using questionnaires and objective evaluations of the tear film, ocular surface, and inflammation using tests such as tear osmolarity, tear breakup time, corneal staining, and meibomian gland evaluation. Treatments discussed include anti-inflammatory therapies like cyclosporine A and corticosteroids, supplements like essential fatty acids and nerve growth factor, and procedures like punctal occlusion and artificial tear implants.
Ocular Pharmacology
This document provides an overview of ocular pharmacology, including drug delivery methods to the eyes, factors influencing drug penetration, and common drug classes used for ocular conditions. Topical drops, ointments, and periocular injections are described as local delivery methods. Systemic administration through oral or intravenous routes is also discussed. Common drug classes covered include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, glaucoma medications, anti-inflammatories, and diagnostic agents. Side effects and indications for various drugs are highlighted.
Dry eye
Dry eye is a multifactorial disease that results in ocular discomfort and visual disturbance. It is caused by decreased tear production or increased tear evaporation, which leads to ocular surface inflammation and damage. Dry eye ranges in severity from mild intermittent symptoms to severe constant symptoms that limit daily activities. It is more common in older adults and women, and environmental factors, medications, contact lens use, and autoimmune diseases can trigger or exacerbate dry eye.
Amniotic Membrane Transplant
The EBAI CME 2013 - 21st and 22nd of September 2013, Golden Valley Resort, Ghodbunder Road, Thane West, Mumbai.
Downtown (SoDo) Office Photo Tour
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Study design
This study evaluated the lateral tarsal strip technique for correcting lower eyelid ectropion in 30 patients (41 eyelids). Patients were divided into groups based on the type of ectropion: involutional, paralytic, or cicatricial. Most patients presented with tearing. The technique successfully corrected ectropion in 35 eyelids, while 6 required additional procedures. The lateral tarsal strip proved effective for correcting ectropion, especially when lateral canthal tendon laxity is present.
Demodex
This document discusses demodicosis, a skin condition caused by the mites Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. It provides details on the biology and life cycle of the mites, including that they live in hair follicles and sebaceous glands, feeding on epithelial cells. Clinical features include pimples and rashes on the face and eyes. Treatment involves peeling, antiparasitic ointments containing sulfur or other agents, and addressing any contributing factors like an unhealthy diet or disrupted skin barriers. The mites are commonly found on humans and may be involved in exacerbating conditions like rosacea, but more research is still needed to fully understand their role in disease pathogenesis.
Blepharitis
This document provides an overview of blepharitis, including its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines blepharitis as a chronic condition characterized by an intricate relationship between ocular flora and meibomian gland dysfunction leading to lid inflammation. Key factors in blepharitis include abnormal secretions, organisms like staphylococcus, and a dysfunctional tear film. Diagnosis is mainly clinical but can include cultures, gland expression testing, and meibography. Treatment focuses on lid hygiene like warm compresses, scrubs, and massage as well as managing meibomian gland dysfunction and underlying causes like bacteria, Demodex, or rosacea.
Common ocular emergencies
This document provides information on common ocular emergencies for non-ophthalmologists. It discusses how to examine the eye, useful tools, algorithms for diagnosis, key questions to ask patients presenting with red eye, classifications of ocular emergencies from immediate to urgent, and management of specific emergencies like chemical burns, ruptured globe, retinal artery occlusion, angle closure glaucoma, retrobulbar hematoma, orbital fractures, periorbital cellulitis, corneal foreign bodies, corneal injuries, hypopyon, and lid lacerations. The overall aim is to educate non-ophthalmologists on triaging and providing first aid for ocular emergencies until the patient can be referred
Demodicosis. Prof. Sonia Santeliz
La demodicosis es una parasitosis inflamatoria de los perros causada por ácaros demodécticos. Puede ser localizada, afectando áreas pequeñas como la cara y patas, o generalizada, afectando todo el cuerpo. Se transmite por contacto directo entre perros, especialmente de madre a cachorros. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante examen microscópico de raspados de piel que muestran la presencia de ácaros. Algunas razas como Shar-pei y Bulldog inglés tienen mayor predisposición.
Update on Refractive Surgery and Femtosecond Laser
The document discusses various refractive surgery options and techniques including LASIK, PRK, phakic IOLs, and lens replacement. It covers patient evaluation, diagnostic equipment like topography and aberrometry, and latest laser ablation profiles. Several case studies are presented examining different patients and determining the best treatment approach based on their examination findings and risk factors.
Viewers also liked (20)
New Technologies for Successfully Managing Ocular Surface Inflammation
New Technologies for Successfully Managing Ocular Surface Inflammation
Neuro-ophthalmic Complications in Multiple Sclerosis
Neuro-ophthalmic Complications in Multiple Sclerosis
Current Trends in Diagnosis and Management of Glaucoma
Current Trends in Diagnosis and Management of Glaucoma
Update on Refractive Surgery and Femtosecond Laser
Update on Refractive Surgery and Femtosecond Laser
Similar to Ocular surface disease
Dry eye
Dry eye is a disease of the ocular surface caused by disturbances in the tear film. The normal tear film consists of an inner mucin layer, middle aqueous layer, and outer lipid layer, which work together to form a stable tear film. Disruptions to the tear film components or their functions can lead to dry eye. Common tests to diagnose dry eye include tear break-up time, fluorescein clearance, and tear osmolarity measurement, which help identify tear film instability and inflammation associated with the condition.
Dry Eyes
Dr. Lanin Chen Resident Dept. of Ophthalmology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. Nita Shanbhag Head of Dept. of Ophthalmology, D. Y. Patil Medical College Navi Mumbai.
Dry eye management
Dry eye management involves evaluating a patient's history, symptoms, and signs of dry eye through examination and tests. Treatment aims to relieve discomfort, maintain a smooth optical surface, and prevent damage. It includes lifestyle modifications, medical treatments like tear substitutes, anti-inflammatory agents, and procedures like punctal occlusion. Regular follow up and counseling are important for monitoring response and providing support.
Dry eye
Dry eye is a disease of the tear film and ocular surface caused by reduced tear production or increased tear evaporation. It results in eye discomfort, visual disturbance, and potential ocular surface damage. Dry eye can be caused by problems with the lacrimal functional unit such as aging, autoimmune disease like Sjogren's syndrome, or environmental factors. Diagnosis involves evaluating tear production via tests like Schirmer's test and tear breakup time, and assessing ocular surface staining. Treatment depends on dry eye severity and may include artificial tears, anti-inflammatories, punctal plugs, and management of underlying conditions. The goal is to supplement tears, reduce evaporation, stimulate natural tear production, and minimize
Sat 1540-clinical-approach-to-red-eye- -park
This document provides an overview of red eye (conjunctivitis) for clinical practice. It begins with learning objectives and then covers topics such as ocular anatomy, causes of red eye, evaluation of red eye, differential diagnosis, treatment recommendations, and when to refer to an ophthalmologist. Key points include differentiating conditions that cause red eye based on symptoms and signs, describing ideal treatments for various conjunctivitis types, and discussing recommendations for returning to activities with infectious conjunctivitis. The document provides guidance on evaluating and diagnosing different red eye conditions.
Review-making dry eyes wet
Title: Making dry eyes wet
Author: Dr. Zia ul Mazhry
FRCS (Edin), FRCS (Glasgow), FCPS, CICOphth (UK)
PURPOSE: to review current management options to treat dry eyes especially evaluation of Genteal gel and Systane eye drops as novel new combinations.
clinical outcome. RESULTS: both the agents showed higher satisfaction and better clinical outcomes as compared to other available wetting agents. CONCLUSION: Genteal eye gel and Syatane eye drops are excellent recent additions to available options to treat dry eyes symptomatically. Genteal family appears to be better tolerated as compared to Systane E/D in our experience.
Dr. Zia ul Mazhry
FRCS (Edin), FRCS (Glasgow), FCPS, CICOphth (UK)
Consultant Eye Surgeon and Head of Eye Department
Wapda hospital complex
210 Feroz Pur Road Lahore
0300 440 1151
Dry Eye Syndrome 33.pptx
This document provides an overview of dry eye syndrome. It begins by defining dry eye syndrome as a condition caused by a breakdown of the tear film layer that coats the front of the eye. It then describes the three layers that make up the tear film - lipid, aqueous, and mucus layers. The document outlines the symptoms, etiologies, diagnostic tests, and management of dry eye syndrome. Key tests include tear breakup time, ocular surface staining, Schirmer test, and tear osmolarity measurement. Psychiatric conditions and medications can also contribute to dry eye.
Ramji pandey ppt vkc
This document presents a case study of a 10-year-old male student presenting with redness and itching in both eyes for 15 days. On examination, the patient was found to have mild eyelid edema, conjunctival congestion and papillae in both eyes. Based on the signs and symptoms, the patient was diagnosed with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Treatment included topical medications which improved the symptoms over subsequent follow-ups. The document concludes with a discussion of VKC including its prevalence, symptoms, signs, classification, treatment options and management.
Ramji pandey ppt vkc
This document presents a case study of a 10-year-old male student presenting with redness and itching in both eyes for 15 days. On examination, the patient was found to have mild eyelid edema, conjunctival congestion and papillae in both eyes. Based on the signs and symptoms, the patient was diagnosed with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Treatment included topical medications which improved the symptoms over subsequent follow-ups. The document concludes with a discussion of VKC including its prevalence, symptoms, signs, classification, treatment options and management.
SIANG KLINIK \'DRY EYE\', 27 FEBRUARI 2011
Dry eye is a common condition that causes eye discomfort. It occurs when the tear film is unstable or the eyes do not produce enough tears. Symptoms include dryness, irritation, and blurred vision. Diagnosis involves examining the eyes for signs of damage and testing tear production and stability. Treatment focuses on replacing tears through artificial tears, gels, or ointments. For severe cases, punctal plugs may be placed to block tear drainage, and anti-inflammatory therapies are used to reduce symptoms and prevent further damage to the eyes. The goals of treatment are to relieve discomfort and protect the ocular surface.
Dry eye
This document discusses the management of dry eye. It begins by defining dry eye as a multifactorial disease resulting in ocular discomfort and potential damage due to increased tear film osmolarity and ocular surface inflammation. Dry eye is commonly seen in clinical practice and can range from mild to severe. The document then discusses the anatomy and physiology of tear production, the tear film layers, contributing factors, classifications, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment strategies including artificial tears and anti-inflammatory therapies. Treatment is tailored based on dry eye severity levels with the goal of alleviating symptoms and preventing complications.
Dry Eye Disease
Dry eye disease (DED) is a condition caused by many factors that result in inflammation of the eye and the tear-producing glands.
Dry eyes
Dry Eye Disease is a multifactorial disease that results in discomfort and visual disturbances due to tear film instability and inflammation of the ocular surface. It is caused by a disturbance in the lacrimal functional unit involving tear production, distribution, and clearance. Diagnosis involves evaluating tear secretion, volume, and stability as well as assessing ocular surface damage. Management focuses on eliminating exacerbating factors, supplementing tears, anti-inflammatory therapy, punctal plugs, and newer treatments targeting tear stimulation and mucous secretion when needed.
Medical management of glaucoma
Glaucoma refers to a group of diseases characterized by optic neuropathy, visual field defects, and raised intraocular pressure. The document discusses the medical management of glaucoma including targeting intraocular pressure, evaluating patients, and selecting initial treatments such as beta blockers, prostaglandin analogues, adrenergic agonists, cholinergic drugs, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and hyperosmotic agents. Neuroprotective drugs that may help preserve vision by various mechanisms including blocking glutamate receptors and calcium channels are also reviewed. The ultimate goal of glaucoma treatment is to preserve vision and quality of life through long term management and control of intraocular pressure.
Dry eyes
Dry Eyes, Etiologigies, types, signs and symptoms, differential diagnosis, management and optometry roles
dry eye syndrome.pptx
Dry eye syndrome, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a common eye condition where tears are unable to adequately lubricate and nourish the eye. It affects 5-34% of people depending on age and gender, with prevalence increasing with age and being higher in women. Dry eye can be caused by inadequate tear production, poor tear quality, or increased tear evaporation due to various factors like aging, medications, environmental conditions, or underlying medical conditions. Treatment focuses on tear supplementation with artificial tears, punctal plugs to prevent tear drainage, anti-inflammatory eyedrops, and addressing any underlying causes or risk factors.
Introduction to ophthalmolgy
This document provides an introduction to the field of ophthalmology. It discusses the objectives of the tutorial, which are to give a simple introduction to clinical anatomy, physiology and embryology of the eye, and to recognize the clinical approach to eye complaints. It then defines ophthalmology as the branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. The rest of the document outlines the key components of an eye exam, including history taking, examination of adnexa, anterior and posterior segments, and techniques for fundus examination.
Cornea in Contact Lens wear
This document discusses contact lens wear and corneal health. It outlines the key factors for successful contact lens wear, including 12 hours of comfortable wear and good end-of-day comfort. It also discusses consumers' priorities around contact lens health and definitions of a "healthier contact lens." Silicone hydrogel lenses are highlighted as improving oxygen transmission and reducing complications compared to conventional lenses. Proper lens care, handling, materials selection and follow-up care are emphasized to prevent complications and support corneal health with contact lens wear.
18Occupational Skin diseases and management, Dr. Dincy peter
Occupational dermatoses, especially contact dermatitis, are common among healthcare workers due to frequent exposure to irritants and allergens. The most frequent types are irritant contact dermatitis caused by chemicals like detergents, disinfectants, and gloves, and allergic contact dermatitis triggered by substances like latex, glutaraldehyde, and antibiotics. Proper diagnosis involves a detailed history of workplace exposures and patch testing. Management focuses on eliminating exposures, using protective equipment, and treating flares with topical steroids and immunosuppressants to prevent chronicity.
Lupus and Your Skin: Spot It, Stop It, Stay Healthy
A presentation by Andrew G. Franks, Jr, MD
Director, Connective Tissue Disease Service
Clinical Professor of Dermatology and Medicine (Rheumatology)
One of New York Magazine’s Best Doctors 2008
at the Manhattan stop on New York City Hospital Tour
NYU Langone Medical Center
October 14, 2008
Similar to Ocular surface disease (20)
18Occupational Skin diseases and management, Dr. Dincy peter
18Occupational Skin diseases and management, Dr. Dincy peter
Lupus and Your Skin: Spot It, Stop It, Stay Healthy
Lupus and Your Skin: Spot It, Stop It, Stay Healthy
Recently uploaded
Foundation of Yoga, YCB Level-3, Unit-1
Unit -1 of Yoga certification board, level 3, all topics covered. An exam conducted by ministry of Ayush for yoga enthusiastic students.
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdf
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdfChulalongkorn Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group
Pollen and Fungal allergy
Presented by Chaloemchai Chumsaengchotsakul, MD.
June 14, 2024Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
NARCOTICS- POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR ITS USE
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in NABH accredited hospitals.
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
What is Obesity? How to overcome Obesity?
Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health.
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
How to choose the best dermatologists in Indore.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Recently uploaded (20)
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Ocular surface disease
- 1. Ocular Surface Disease ETIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT DR. DWIGHT THIBODEAUX
- 2. OSD/Dry eye 25 million in US Most common eye disease seen $3.8 billion spent yearly Ocular discomfort and vision problems CL intolerance New diagnostic techniques and treatment options
- 3. Main Causes Age > 50 Climate Genetics, gender Work environment Smartphone use Medications, systemic disease LASIK
- 4. Secondary OSD Sjogren’s syndrome RA, Lupus, etc. Reactive arthritis (triad of classic signs) Thyroid dysfunction Diabetes Rosacea Obstructive sleep apnea Oxygen use for pulmonary dysfunction Meds, CL wear, Lasik, fatigue, insomnia
- 5. Diagnosis - established techniques Symptoms vs. signs – not always consistent Questionnaire, medical and rx hx. Lacrimal river, lid margins, digital exp. NaFl, Lissamine Green Conjunctival chalasis, floppy eyelids test Pingueculum and pterigium formation Shirmer’s tests - phenol red thread test Apposition of lids, blink freq. and quality
- 6. Diagnosis – new options MG expression -Tearscience MGE MMP levels - Inflammadry Osmolarity - TearLab Meibography - Tearscience Lipoview, Oculus Interferometry – Oculus Keratograph, Lipoview Immunoassay (lactoferrin) – TearScan Sjogrens - Sjo
- 7. Diagnosis – common but effective Questionnaire Dyes and stains Meibomian gland expression
- 8. Treatment – historical, generic Lubrication - gtts and hs ung Steroids/Restasis/doxy Punctal Plugs Surgical canalicular closure Removal of offending agent/preservatives Antihistamines Moisture chambers, humidifiers
- 9. Current OSD management varies based on type of dry eye Dx: lipid vs aqueous deficiency 85% is MGD – lipid deficiency, Demodex Most aqueous deficiency is found in females, immune disorders or with the use of opiods, Accutane, diuretics, beta blockers, anti-depressives, anti-anxiety meds and antihistamines
- 10. Aqueous deficiency treatments Steroids followed by Restasis Lubrication – viscous Blink training Plugs, canalicular closure Moisture chamber glasses Workplace changes Scleral lenses Autogolous serum drops, Prokera
- 11. MGD/evaporative dry eye therapy Lid/gland heat, MG expression, hygiene PF oil based lubricants, Omega 3 FA Blink training Z pack po +/-Azasite or Tobradex gtts Avenova and/or Cliradex Moisture chamber glasses and workplace changes Plugs, Restasis, Maskin procedure
- 12. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction LIPOFLOW - $1300 to $2000 MiBO - $500, three treatments over 6-8 wks IPL – Intense Pulsed Light Home therapy – Bruder hot mask/ massage/ hygiene
- 13. Keys to success in a dry eye practice Manage expectations/patient education Long term therapy for a chronic progressive disease Minimize worsening, maximize comfort and vision Start with least expensive therapy not already tried Give patients hope and options for advanced care if needed