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Lateral Tarsal Strip Technique for Lower Eyelid Ectropion Correction

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Study Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Study Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Observational ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Grimes & Schulz, 2002 ( www )
Observational/ Non-interventional study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Descriptive studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Descriptive Studies: Uses ,[object Object],[object Object]
Analytical Studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Cross-sectional Study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A “Snapshot”
* 1000 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Prevalence vs. Incidence * 100 * 100
Cross-sectional Study Sample of Population Smokers Non-smokers Prevalence of TAO Prevalence of TAO Time Frame = Present
Example of a Cross-Sectional Study ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cross-sectional Study SMOKING - T A O + - 90 10 90 10 +
Cross-Sectional Study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case-Control Study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case-Control Study Patients with CRVO Patients w/o CRVO Present (Outcome) Past (Exposure) Hypertensive Hypertensive Non hypertensive Non hypertensive Cases Controls Comparison
Example of a Case-Control Study ,[object Object]
Case-Control Study Patients w POAG Patients w/o PAOG Present (Outcome) Past (Exposure) RNFL thickness by OCT RNFL thickness by OCT Cases Controls
Case-Control Studies: Strengths ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case-Control Studies: Weaknesses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Measures of association Sensitivity = A/A+C Specificity = D/B+D Odds ratio: AD/BC 1= no diff. case & control >1 = risk more < 1 = risk less No Yes Disease D C B A Risk factors No Yes
Cohort Study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prospective Cohort Study Exposed to risk factors Not exposed to risk factors Do not develop disease Develop disease Develop disease Do not develop disease Present Future comparison Study population wo disease
Example of a Cohort Study ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cohort study: Tobacco smoking and lung cancer, England & Wales, 1951 32.4 19.8 8.1 Ref. 2.27 1.39 0.57 0.07 57 54 22 03 25,100 38,900 38,600 42,800 ≥ 25 15 – 24 1-14 none Rate ratio Rate per 1000 p-y Cases Person-years at risk Cigarettes smoked/d
Measures of Association ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Risk ratio (relative risk) __ _ __ A___ _ A + B___ _ ___ _C_____ C + D RR = 4 means 4 times risk in exposure than normal
Cohort Study: Strengths ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cohort Study: Weaknesses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What distinguishes observational studies from experiments? ,[object Object],Predictor Outcome Confounder Examples: Smoking Male Dysthyroid optic neuropathy
Clinical Trials ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is Blinding? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical Trial Study Population Treatment Group Control Group Outcomes Outcomes R a n d om i z e Comparison
Clinical Trial Patients w Ocular lymphoma Randomi ze Ivt Rutiximab Ivt methotrexate Comparison Outcome Outcome
Phases of RCT (Drugs) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical Trials ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quasi study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Analytical Studies: Summary
Quiz- Study design? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quiz ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quiz- Study design? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How to write a abstract ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],< 250 words in length & constructed as a single paragraph
Guidelines for abstract ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Journal of American Science 2011;7(5):394-405].
How to write a scientific paper ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Refference ,[object Object],[object Object]
Vancouver style ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Referrence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you Is it clear?

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Lateral Tarsal Strip Technique for Lower Eyelid Ectropion Correction

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Grimes & Schulz, 2002 ( www )
  • 5.
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  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. Cross-sectional Study Sample of Population Smokers Non-smokers Prevalence of TAO Prevalence of TAO Time Frame = Present
  • 13.
  • 14. Cross-sectional Study SMOKING - T A O + - 90 10 90 10 +
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  • 18. Case-Control Study Patients with CRVO Patients w/o CRVO Present (Outcome) Past (Exposure) Hypertensive Hypertensive Non hypertensive Non hypertensive Cases Controls Comparison
  • 19.
  • 20. Case-Control Study Patients w POAG Patients w/o PAOG Present (Outcome) Past (Exposure) RNFL thickness by OCT RNFL thickness by OCT Cases Controls
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. Measures of association Sensitivity = A/A+C Specificity = D/B+D Odds ratio: AD/BC 1= no diff. case & control >1 = risk more < 1 = risk less No Yes Disease D C B A Risk factors No Yes
  • 24.
  • 25. Prospective Cohort Study Exposed to risk factors Not exposed to risk factors Do not develop disease Develop disease Develop disease Do not develop disease Present Future comparison Study population wo disease
  • 26.
  • 27. Cohort study: Tobacco smoking and lung cancer, England & Wales, 1951 32.4 19.8 8.1 Ref. 2.27 1.39 0.57 0.07 57 54 22 03 25,100 38,900 38,600 42,800 ≥ 25 15 – 24 1-14 none Rate ratio Rate per 1000 p-y Cases Person-years at risk Cigarettes smoked/d
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  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. Clinical Trial Study Population Treatment Group Control Group Outcomes Outcomes R a n d om i z e Comparison
  • 35. Clinical Trial Patients w Ocular lymphoma Randomi ze Ivt Rutiximab Ivt methotrexate Comparison Outcome Outcome
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  • 50. Thank you Is it clear?