Obstructive uropathy occurs when there is a partial or complete blockage in the urinary tract that obstructs the normal flow of urine. This can be caused by infravesical obstructions like urethral strictures or prostatic hyperplasia, or supravesical obstructions like ureteral stones or tumors. Over time, the blockage can lead to complications like hydronephrosis, hydroureters, and eventual kidney damage or failure if left untreated. Treatment involves relieving the obstruction through procedures like catheterization, lithotripsy, or surgery to remove the underlying cause.
Please find the power point on Urinary Tract Injury (Kidney Injury). I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Acute pancreatitis means inflammation of the pancreas that develops quickly. The main symptom is tummy (abdominal) pain. It usually settles in a few days but sometimes it becomes severe and very serious. The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and drinking a lot of alcohol.
Please find the power point on Urinary Tract Injury (Kidney Injury). I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Acute pancreatitis means inflammation of the pancreas that develops quickly. The main symptom is tummy (abdominal) pain. It usually settles in a few days but sometimes it becomes severe and very serious. The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and drinking a lot of alcohol.
Non Tubercular Infections of Genitourinary tractSahil Chaudhry
discussion on imaging features of spectrum of infective pathologies of genitourinary tract with their appearance on conventional and advanced imaging modalities.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
5. Pathophysiology
High resistance caused by an obstructive
lesion in the urethra or bladder neck,
Detrusor muscle contractions become
stronger to overcome the high resistance
Detrusor muscle contractions become
stronger to overcome the high resistance
Progressive hypertrophy of the
detrusor muscle bundles
Hypertrophied muscle bundles protrude
significantly and are called trabecula
Strong detrusor contractions
Increased
intravesical pressure
Herniation of the bladder
mucosa at these weak points
A diverticulum is a bigger herniation that
extends beyond the bladder wall
A “cellule” is a small herniation
within the bladder wal
Small diverticulum is harmless and
does not require to be removed.
Huge diverticulum is surgically
removed to avoid complications.
6. Cont.Pathophysiology
● A bladder that completely empties its urine content, in spite of
high infravesical resistance, is known as a “Compensated
bladder”.
● A bladder that is chronically fatigued from sustained strong
detrusor contractions against high resistance is known as a
“Decompensated bladder”.
● With incomplete bladder emptying in a decompensated bladder,
“residual urine” starts to collect in the bladder.
.
7. Cont.Pathophysiology
● As the detrusor contractions get weaker, the volume of residual
urine increases progressively.
● In an advanced stage, the volume of residual urine becomes
equal to the bladder capacity. At this stage, urine entering the
full bladder from the ureters escapes involuntarily through the
urethra: “Overflow incontinence”.
● High volumes of residual urine will hinder urine flow from the
ureters to the bladder causing Bilateral hydroureters and
bilateral hydronephroses. If neglected, renal failure and
Uremia occur
8. Diagnosis
● Palpation: a fully distended bladder is felt as a
midline suprapubic swelling
● Cystoscopy: shows bladder trabecula and necks
of bladder diverticula.
● Detection of residual urine:
post-voiding ultrasound of the bladder
post-voiding catheterization
post-voiding cystogram
9. ● Cystogram: shows bladder diverticula.
● Detection of a lesion that caused obstructive uropathy:
e.g. urethral stricture, BPH.
10. SymptomsandTreatment
● Partial obstruction:
the patient can micturate (void), but will experience obstructive urinary
symptoms (hesitancy, difficulty, straining, weak and narrow urine
stream, interruption and bifurcation of the urine stream, terminal
dribbling or sense of incomplete bladder emptying).
The lesion causing the obstruction should be treated to correct the
urine stream.
11. SymptomsandTreatment
● Complete obstruction:
The patient cannot micturate (acute retention).
A filled bladder causes severe suprapubic pain.
Urethral catheterization is required to relieve the retention.
If urethral catheterization fails (e.g. if there is urethral stricture), an
emergency suprapubic cystostomy is done.
At a later stage, the lesion causing the obstruction should be treated to
correct the urine stream.
12. SUPRAVESICALOBSTRUCTIVEUROPATHY
• Ureterocele
• Vesico-ureteric reflux
• Pelvi-ureteric junction
obstruction.
Congenital
lesions
• Stone
• Stricture
• Tumor
Acquired
lesions
• Bladder decompensation and
massive volumes of residual
urine that fill the bladder and
cause back pressure on both
ureters and kidneys.
Neglected
infravesical
uropathy
13. Pathophysiology
● Complete obstruction
Caused by:
o A small stone impacted in the ureter from muscle spasm and edema
o Iatrogenic ligation of the ureter during a difficult hysterectomy or colonic
surgery.
The completely obstructed kidney stops producing urine.
Bilateral complete obstruction of the ureters leads to “obstructive anuria”
14. Pathophysiology
● Partial obstruction
Hydroureter: dilated, elongated and tortuous ureter.
Hydronephrosis: progressive aseptic dilatation of the pelvicalyceal
system with ischemic atrophy of the renal parenchyma. The normal
“cupping” of the calyces turns to “clubbing” (ballooning of the calyces).
In advanced cases, the completely atrophied renal parenchyma becomes
as thin as a paper, and even transparent, with the renal pelvis and calyces
hugely dilated
15. Symptoms
● Renal colic with acute complete obstruction:
The colic is caused by reflex ureteral muscle spasm around the stone.
It is usually severe and may require hospitalization.
● Dull aching renal pain with chronic partial obstruction:
The pain is caused by irritation of the sensory nerves in the renal capsule.
The pain is persistent, and is usually mild to moderate in intensity.
16. Diagnosis
● Detection of the lesion that caused the obstructive uropathy; e.g. stone, tumor or
stricture in the ureter are seen by
○ Ultrasound
○ IVU
○ CT scan.
17. Complications
● In case of acute complete bilateral obstruction:
Obstructive anuria: both kidneys stop producing urine. The patient has no
desire to void and the bladder is empty for more than 24 hours. Acute
progressive uremia develops. It is fatal if the obstruction is not rapidly
relieved
● In case of neglected partial chronic obstruction:
progressive hydroureter and hydronephrosis, up to complete parenchymal
atrophy.
Uremia occurs if partial obstruction is bilateral and neglected.
18. Treatment
● Complete obstruction is an emergency that requires
immediate kidney drainage by introduction of a
ureteric catheter.
● If ureteric catheterization is not technically possible,
percutaneous nephrostomy is done.
● The lesion causing obstruction must be removed to
avoid complications.
19. ● Advanced unilateral hydronephrosis with complete parenchymal
atrophy and renal pain is managed by nephrectomy (only if the
kidney is not functioning and symptomatic)
● Advanced bilateral hydronephroses with complete parenchymal
atrophy and uremia is managed by hemodialysis or renal
transplantation.