This document summarizes the evolution of management thought from early practices proposed by Adam Smith and Charles Babbage on job specialization and the advantages of division of labor, to scientific management approaches developed by Frederick Taylor and the Gilbreths. It also discusses the Hawthorne studies and implications, classical organization theory from Fayol, Weber, Follett, and Barnard, and more modern approaches like systems theory, management science, contingency theory, and functional management structures.