This document discusses oats, including their characteristics, identification, nutritive profile, production, anti-nutritive factors, and price. Oats are a cereal grain domesticated in Europe with high fiber and low energy content compared to other grains. They are high in vitamins, minerals, and protein, though the protein is low quality. Oats are processed through cleaning, dehulling, kilning, sizing, cutting, milling, and flaking. They are harvested using combine harvesters or manually and stored in cool, dry conditions to prevent deterioration. Oats contain some anti-nutritive factors like phytate that reduce nutrient availability.

1. • By Aamir Ali
• Roll no:12
OAT
Presentation

2. Introduction
• Characteristics
• Identification
• Nutritive profile
• Production
• Anti Nutritive Factors
• Price

3. Oat
• Scientific Name: Avena sativa
• Origin: Domesticated oats appear relatively late, and far from the
Near East, in Bronze Age Europe.

4. Oat (Avena sativa)

5. Characteristics
• The oat (Avena sativa) has always been a favourite cereal for
ruminant animals and horses but has been less popular in pig and
poultry feeding because of its comparatively high fiber content and
low energy value.
• The nutritive value of oats depends to a large extent on the
proportion of kernel (groat) to hull.

6. CONT…
• Oats of high hull content are richer in crude fibre and have a lower
metabolisable energy value than low-hulled oats.
• Oat proteins are of poor quality and are deficient in the essential
amino acids methionine, histidine and tryptophan,
• The lysine content is also low but is slightly higher than that of the
other cereal proteins. Glutamic acid is the most abundant amino acid
of oat protein

7.  From two to five feet (60
to 150cm) tall
 Have narrow, blade-like
leaves six to nine inches
(15 to 23 cm) long
The flower cluster is a
panicle, a delicate stalk
that branches into small
stems called spikelet
OatIdentification

9. Nutritive Profile
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 1,628 kJ (389 kcal)
Carbohydrates 66.3 g
Dietary fiber 10.6 g
Protein 16.9 g
Vitamins
Thiamine (B1) (66%)
Riboflavin (B2)
(12%)
Minerals
Calcium
(5%)
Iron (38%)
Magnesium (50%)
Potassium (9%)
Zinc
(42%)

10. Manufacturing Process
Oat

12. Handling Processes
• To ensure the bacteria, mold, undesired seeds
• First step in the processing of oat grains.
• To Remove impurities
Cleaning and Handling
• Removal and separation of husk from the grain, to obtain oat groats.
• The cleaned raw oats are fed to a large machine, which throws the grains to a
hard surface cause separation of the hull from the kernel called groat
Dehulling
• The process of absorbing the moisture from the grains.
• Kilning also gives a nutty flavor to the oatsKilning

13. •The groat are fed to sizing systems, where machines separate the groats as per their
size.
•After separate the large groats, the small groats and the broken pieces are directed
to the cutting system.
Sizing and Cutting
•Two method involve: oat bran milling and whole flour milling.
•In the fist method, oat groats are send through roll stands, which separate the bran
from the flour.
•Second method is used exclusively to produce whole oat flour from the groats.
Miling
•This process result in the production of oat flakes or rolled oats.
•Whole or steel cut oats are steamed (for softening) and then passed to the rolling
mill
Flaking

14. Harvesting Techniques
Oat

15. • Oats usually are cut with a grain binder.
• Header and the combined harvester- threshers are little used for a
few form.
• Combine-harvester are efficient and economical.
• If oats are exceedingly short/badly lodged, cutting with a mower
sometimes is necessary.
• If oats are lodged, it is sometimes is practicable to cut them in one
direction with a binder.
Oat

16. Combine harvester
Grain binder
Hand pulling

17. Stooking, also known
shocking
Sickle bar mower

18. Harvesting Period
Planting
Warmer areas
January - April
Cooler areas
September - October
Harvest

19. How are they stored?
(preservation)
Oat

20. Wheat and oat
• Stored in a dry place (less than 60 percent humidity).
• Moisture level below 12%
• Lower the grain temperature below 15°C.
• Keep out of dust and insects.
• Stored in a cool dry environment away from bright light.
• Store away from products with strong scent.
• Before being stored in containers, it must be fumigated in order to destroy weevil
eggs and other microorganisms living in the wheat and oat.
• In conditions of high air moisture, high grains moisture and high temperatures,
deterioration of oat occurs faster (Nora, 1992).
Oat

21. Anti Nutritive Factors

22. Anti nutritional factors
Anti-nutritional factors limits their potential as a food source.
• Phytate
• Trypsin inhibitors
• Oxalates
• Tannins
• Lectins

23. ANFs
Phytate
Phytate can significantly influence the functional properties of foods.Phytic acid binds with
phosphorus, calcium, Copper, Mg and Mn and reduces availability
Trypsin inhibitor
It affect the nutritive value and protein digestibility.
Tenins
It has a large influence on nutritive value of Oat

24. Price
• 500g: Rs 210.00

25. References
• Wegulo, S.N & Carlson, M.P. (n.d) Ergot of Small Grain Cereals and Grasses and its Health
Effects on Humans and Livestock. Retrieved from
http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/live/ec1880/build/ec1880.pdf
• Bloomberg (2013) Wheat Extends Slide to 18-Month Low as Frost-Damage Risks Fades. Farm
Journal. Retrieved from http://www.agweb.com/article/wheat
• Peter R Shewry, N. G. (2002). The structure and properties of gluten: an elastic protein from
wheat grain. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society Lond B Biol Sci, 133-142.
• Randal K. Taylor, M. D. (1995). Harvesting wheat. United States: Department of Biological
and Agricultural Engineering.
• Gutkoski L.C. et al. (n.d.). 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection:
Drying and storage conditions in white oat grains quality. Retrieved from
http://spiru.cgahr.ksu.edu/proj/iwcspp/pdf2/9/6276.pdf

26. • Wiersma, J. (2010). How to Easily Tell Wether Wheat Is Physiological Mature. University of Minnesota,
USA.
• Kowalski, C. (2014). Wheat - Planting and Harvest Seasons for Wheat Crops. About.com.
• Mcmullen, M.S. (2000). Handbook of Cereal Science And Technology 2nd Edition, Revised And
Expanded.