Utilization of byproduct from rice mill, rice husk, rice bran

1. By-product from rice mill, rice
husk, rice bran and its
utilization
Presented by
Amita
FMPE (PhD)

2. INTRODUCTION

3. Rice
Rice structure

4.  By-product - A by product is a secondary product derive from a manufacturing
process or chemical reaction during production of main product.
 Rice Straw - Straw is produced by harvesting of paddy. Straw comes from what is
left on the plant after it is harvested.
1 ton of paddy crop produces 290 kg straw
290 kg straw produce 100 kWh of power
Calorific value = 2400 kcal/kg
 Rice Husk - Husk are generated during the first stage of rice milling, when rough
rice and paddy rice is husked and the grains are threshed.
1 ton of paddy produces 220 kg husk
1 ton husk is equivalent to 410-570 kWh electricity
Calorific value = 3000 kcal/kg
 Rice bran - Rice bran is the layer between the inner grain and the outer hull of
whiter rice is called as bran.
Source: https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/paddy-wastes/

5. The main by-products of rice are:-
Source: https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/paddy-wastes/

6. Paddy grain and its products after husking

7. Loss of nutrients due to paddy straw burning (per ton basis)
 Nitrogen 5.5 kg
 Sulphur 1.2 kg
 Phosphorus 2.3 kg
 Potash 25.0 kg
 Organic Carbon 400 kg

8. Rice husk uses
Fuel
Gaseous fuel
Husk briquette
Silicon tetra chloride
Husk board
Furfural
Rice bran uses
Edible grade oil
Industrial grade crude oil
Free fatty acid manufacture
Plasticizers
Tocoferol
Rice bran wax
Husk ash uses
Carrier for bio fertilizer
organisms
Sodium silicate
Activated carbon
Rice straw uses
Mulch
Mushroom Production
Packing Material
Briquettes
Ropes
Vermi compost
Pellets
Paper
Bio gas production
Animal feeding

9. The straw fuel or biofuel of biomass pellet mill machine uses corn stalk, wheat straw,
rice straw, peanut shell, cob, cotton bar, soybean rod, weeds, branches, leaves, sawdust,
bark and other solid wastes as raw materials.
After crushing, pressing, increasing density and forming, they become small solid
pellets fuel.
Delivery and storage for biomass pellet fuel is very convenient and at the same time, its
combustion performance is greatly improved. The technological process of biomass
pellet mill is: collecting raw materials, crushing raw materials, pelletize raw materials
and finally packaging and selling.
Pellets
Structure of the screw extruder
Piston-type briquetting
Ring die-type pelletizing machine

10. compressed rice straws
 This is done to produce homogenous fuel with a high energy
density in square, rectangle, cubed shapes with dimension of
50×50×50mm3 (LooVan S et al.,2004a).
Compressed rice straws
Different size of straws
Machine for compressed straws

11. Degradable Disposal
 These products are not only reduce the problem of agricultural waste but also diminish
the dependence on non-renewable petroleum based, melanin products that are non-
biodegradable and well existing for hundreds of years8.
 Materials: Agricultural crop residues as rice husk and wheat husk, lemon juice and
carboxy methyl cellulose.
a) before water resistant coating,
b) after water resistant coating as
final products
Sample Preparation
Washing
Drying
Crushing
Preparation of Husk paste
Weighed 3.5g carboxy methyl cellulose and mixed
it with 100ml of distilled water to make 3.5% edible
glue.
Then mixed thoroughly the husk powder with
edible glue in the ratio of 96.5:3.5% and some lemon
juice was also added.
After that the mixture was saturated with steam in
the autoclave for 20min at the temperature of 120oC.
As a result uniform husk paste material was formed
which was then further sterilized with UV light for
15min by using UV lamp.
Rolling the husk paste
Primary shaping
Secondary shaping and drying
Surface treating and 2nd
drying

12. To Make Paper
Straw is a competitive, alternative source of fiber for paper making to reduce the pressures on
forests. Rice straw can be used not only to make paper but various paper products (i.e.,
newsprint, copier paper, bond paper, etc.).
Paper manufacturing process flow chart
white liquor (80:20 NaOH and
NaS) and steamed for about two to
three hours at high temperature
and pressure (162 - 168o
C and 7-8
kg/cm2
).bleaching agents are used to
bleach the pulp like chlorine,
chlorine dioxide, hydrogen
peroxide, oxygen and calcium
hypo chlorite.
Jordan is used in mechanical pulp
preparation method in which a conical
plug rotates in conical shell.
Paddy straw pulps are blended with
10-15% of high strength

13. Rice Husk Particle Board

14. Mushroom Production
Oyster mushroom production
Chopping of paddy straw
 Sterilize ( Baviston + Pharmaline )
 Drying (Mc = 15-20%)
 Spawn-run
 Packing
Watering
Harvesting
Marketing

15. Vermin compost
Paddy waste is used for making vermin compost, various methods are:-
Size of worm compost heaps
Wide = 1-2 m
High = 30-50 cm
Length = As long as desired
Worm used = Eisenia fetida
Location
Distributed b/w rows of trees
Housed in shelters
Climate
Tem. = 20 -25 degree
Humidity = 80%
Bedding
Feed
Worms
Watering
Covering the compost heap
Monitoring
Harvesting of vermin compost
Eisenia fetida Vermin compost

16. Silica
 One ton of paddy milled generates 200 kg of husk
 200 kg of husk give 50 kg of ash
The ash contains 60~80% Silica (i.e.) 40 kg silica per
ton of paddy
Uses of Precipitated silica in products :
Rubber reinforcement (Tyre industry)
Plastic reinforcement
Agriculture (Animal food)
Food, Healthcare, Cosmetics
Catalyst; Coatings
Pulp and Paper processing

17. Rice bran
Different bran sample (rough, parboiled & raw bran)
Bran is the hard outer layer of grain and consists of
aleuronic, pericarp, germ and a part of endosperm.
 Bran removal amounts to 4% to 9% weight of the paddy
milled..
Constituents Percentage
water 8.9-14.7
Protein 10 .6-13.4
fat 10.1-22.4
N-free extract 38.7-44.3
Fiber 9.6-14.3
Ash 9.3-14.3
Pent sane 8.7-11.4
Cellulose 11.4
Reducing Sugar 1.3
Sucrose 10.6
Composition of rice bran

18. Preparatory unit
HOPPER
ROTERY SCREEN
SCREW CONVEYOR
BUCKET ELEVATOR
FEED CONVEYOR
PALETTIZATION
COOLING
BRAN PELLET SEND
TO SOLVENT UNIT
THROUGH
CONVEYOR
STEAM
HEATING
Preparatory unit.
Palletization machine

19. Hopper (dry pallet)
Extraction (Hexane + oil)
Fine separation
Miscella tank
Economiser(45-50 C)
Heater-A (85-90C)
Heater-B (100C)
Final heater (110C)
Storage
For refinery
Hexane liquid
Condenser
Hexane vapour
Hexane storage
Direct roasting
Hexane
Oil
Oil less pallets
Packaging
Solvent extraction unit-

20. FFA and smell
Solid wax
Fine wax
Mud, earth
Colour
Waste water
Moisture
FFA, gum, pigments
Gum
Crude oil
Degumming
Neutralization
Hydration tank (80C)
Separator (100C)
Bleaching tank
Leaf filter (PLF)
Crystallizer
Plate filter (frame)
Deodorizer (200-250C)
Packaging unit
Refinery unit-
Separator

21. Rice bran
extraction
Crude oil
FFA (10-14%)Wax (2-3%)Gum (2-5%)Refined oil (80%)
Lecithin
Water lecithinAcid lecithin
Industry
Consumer
Preparatory unit
Refinery unit-
a) Bran Crude Rice oil
b) Single refined oil
c) Double refined oil

22. Rice bran oil
Rice bran oil benefits-
Nutritionally superior.
Longer shelf life.
Better protection for heart & related blood vessels.
Economic-15% less absorption of oil during frying.
More stable at higher temperature.
Gives better taste & flavor to food items.
Oil is less sticky-easy to wash and lower soap consumption.
Used as a health heart oil, control diabetes, improve the immune system, cholesterol
control.
Promotes heart helps burn fat.
Rice bran oil is use in cosmetics.

23. Heating (80-100 c)
water
Drying
Wet gum
Mixing (15-30mint)
Holding (15-30mint)
Separation
Drying
Commercial lecithin
Water degummed oil
Water degumming process
By-product refinery
Gum.
Wax.
Free Fatty acid.

24. Crude oil
Mixing (citric dilute acid)
Holding
Separation
Drying
GumAcid degummed oil
Acid degumming process
Enzyme degummed oil
Crude oil
Heating (65-70 C)
Mixing
Holding
Separating
Drying
Enzyme
(30 mint)
Enzymatic degumming process

25. Lecithin-
 Lecithin can be obtained from a source such as extracted oil of plant
seeds, and vegetable oil, by using a process known as degumming.
 Degumming is the treatment of oil with water to remove phosphorus
containing compounds, waxes and other impurities from oil.
Crude lecithin Emulsifiers
 Viscosity Modifiers
 Separating Agents
 Extrusion Aids
 Anti-Dusting Agents
 Shelf- Life Aids
 Supplements
 Dispersing agent
 Beverage industry
Properties & uses of lecithin

26. 2-3% wax is obtained during refining of RBO
Usage of waxes:
 Chewing gums
 Coating over fruits
 Polishing of floor and leather etc.
Wax
For food wraps
Carbon paper
RICE BROKEN
Making Flour
Used for Idli ready mix
Used for upma, and other ready mixes like dosa etc
For brewery
For animal feed etc.

27.  Packing Materials: The compaction resistance and resiliency of rice straw makes it a very good
packing material.
 Erosion control and soil stabilization: Rice straw is an effective material both in commercial
erosion control practices and in rice field erosion control. Bales of rice straw can be shredded on
site and blown into roadside cuts and fills to provide soil stabilization.
 Frost control: layers of rice straw can be used for frost control in areas with low temperatures.
These uses are usually closely allied with mulching and composting and it is difficult to
determine which one of the practices is dominant.
 Sewage sludge mixing: Rice straw would be a suitable bulking agent for sewage sludge
composting and disposal. It would appear that chopped or fiberized straw would increase both
absorbency and acceleration of decomposition.
Other Uses for Rice Straw

28. Thanks