Nutrition - Chapter 7 Notes
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- 65% of adults are overweight and 30% of the total US population is obese according to the document. - Basal metabolism accounts for 60-70% of total daily energy needs and is influenced by various factors like body composition, gender, age. - Physical activity increases energy expenditure while lack of activity is a major cause of obesity. - Behavior modification techniques like self-monitoring and stimulus control can help with long-term weight management.
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This document discusses weight management and why diets often don't work long-term. It notes that Americans spend $30 billion annually on weight loss products and programs, yet obesity remains a major health issue. Effective weight management requires focusing on lifestyle changes like improving eating habits and increasing physical activity, rather than short-term dieting. Losing weight slowly through a small daily calorie deficit and behavior modification can help maintain the loss over time.
Chapter 8 Energy Balance And Body Composition
This document discusses various topics related to energy balance, body composition, estimating energy requirements, defining healthy body weight, measuring body fat, and weight loss diets. It covers direct and indirect calorimetry, factors that influence food intake and energy expenditure, methods for assessing body weight and composition, health risks associated with being underweight or overweight, and claims made by popular high-protein low-carbohydrate diets.
Weight loss
Medooc is a search engine for researching medical information.It has been built by medical
professionals to help others in the community to research and share credible health information.
Doctors, Physcials and medical professionals participate in Medooc.com on day to day basis to help
each other.
For more information you can visit:-http://www.medooc.com/
Weight loss
Medooc is a search engine for researching medical information.It has been built by medical
professionals to help others in the community to research and share credible health information.
Doctors, Physcials and medical professionals participate in Medooc.com on day to day basis to help each other.
For more information you can visit:-http://www.medooc.com/
414453900-Obesity-and-weight-control.ppt
The document discusses obesity, overweight, and weight control. It defines key terms like overweight, obesity, and obese syndrome. Obesity is increasing globally due to diets high in calories and sugar but low in nutrients, and reduced physical activity. Genetics play a role in obesity, but excess calorie consumption and sedentary lifestyles are major contributors. Maintaining weight loss long-term is difficult as the body adapts to lower calories by reducing metabolism. Losing weight slowly through diet and exercise is most effective for sustained results.
Chap1 energy values of foods & nutrients
The document discusses nutrition and body composition. It defines nutrition as the study of how the body uses food and identifies six classifications of nutrients. It also outlines ten U.S. dietary guidelines and factors that affect nutrient needs such as age, gender, and activity level. The document then discusses energy and its various forms, as well as factors that affect energy needs like basal metabolism, physical activity, and specific dynamic action. It also covers body composition, obesity, methods to assess body composition, energy imbalance, and health risks associated with excess weight.
Energy balance ch7
- Overweight and obesity are major health issues in the US, with 60% of adults overweight and around 40% obese. Childhood obesity is also rising.
- Energy balance is key to weight - it's achieved when calories consumed equal calories expended. A positive balance leads to weight gain, and a negative balance leads to weight loss.
- Basal metabolism, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food account for daily energy expenditure, with basal metabolism making up 60-70% of expenditure. Factors like lean body mass and thyroid hormones can impact basal metabolism.
Weight loss 1
This document provides information on safe and effective weight loss strategies. It discusses that most Americans have high-fat, high-sugar diets and lack exercise, leading to obesity. Several physiological factors influence individual sensitivity to weight gain, including brain serotonin levels, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Successful weight loss requires improving insulin sensitivity through exercise to reset the body's "set point" and increase calorie burning. Exercise is essential for weight loss to build muscle mass and maintain metabolism during dieting.
Obesity.pptx
The document discusses obesity, defining it as a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher. Obesity increases the risk of diseases and health problems. It results from a combination of genetic, lifestyle, medical, and other factors like lack of sleep or smoking. Strategies to prevent and control obesity include dietary changes, regular physical activity, health education, and possibly bariatric surgery for severe cases.
Obesity.pdf
The document discusses obesity, defining it as a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher. Obesity increases the risk of diseases and health problems. It results from a combination of genetic, lifestyle, medical, and other factors like lack of sleep or quitting smoking. Strategies to prevent and control obesity include dietary changes, regular physical activity, health education, and possibly bariatric surgery for severe cases.
Insel10ebrup Ppt Ch11
- 66% of American adults are overweight, including more than 32% who are obese. It is estimated that by 2030, the entire American adult population will be overweight or obese.
- Body mass index (BMI) is used to evaluate body weight and composition. A BMI over 25 is considered overweight and over 30 is obese. Factors like gender, age, heredity, and metabolism impact body composition and fat distribution.
- Excess body fat, especially around the waist, increases health risks like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some cancers. Very low body fat can also cause problems with reproductive, circulatory and immune systems. Genetics, lifestyle, and psychological factors all contribute to weight issues.
Healthy Weight Basics
This document provides an overview of healthy weight basics and strategies for weight management. It discusses defining a healthy weight using measures like BMI and body composition. Maintaining energy balance through nutrition and exercise is key, with nutrition being the primary focus. Nutrition strategies include following portion control, choosing whole foods, and being mindful of energy density. Exercise recommendations include both resistance and cardiovascular training several times per week. Non-exercise factors like adequate sleep and stress management also impact weight. Sustainable weight loss of 1/2 to 2 pounds per week is recommended through creating a calorie deficit.
Weight Loss 101 - Thiboutot
1) Weight loss is determined by creating a calorie deficit through consuming fewer calories than are expended. While many factors can influence weight loss, a calorie deficit is the primary driver.
2) Several commonly held beliefs about weight loss, such as meal frequency impacting metabolism, skipping meals leading to overeating, and certain foods being "fattening", are not supported by evidence. A calorie deficit is more important than these other factors.
3) Relatively higher protein intake, around 1.2-1.6g/kg body weight, can promote weight loss by increasing fullness and metabolic rate, compared to the RDA of 0.8g/kg.
Lecture 5 energy, food labels and energy needs during lifetime, nutrition
The document discusses energy and energy balance. It defines energy as calories and explains that energy intake and expenditure must balance over time to maintain weight. More energy intake than expenditure leads to weight gain, and more expenditure than intake leads to weight loss. Factors that influence energy expenditure include basal metabolism, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food. Managing energy balance through diet and exercise is important for weight control.
Weight management
This document discusses various approaches to weight management, including dieting and lifestyle changes. It provides details on:
- The large percentage of Americans who diet and try to lose or maintain their weight each year, as well as the billions spent on weight loss products and programs.
- Why diets often don't work in the long-run due to factors like weight cycling and changes in metabolism that promote weight regain.
- Popular diet approaches like Atkins, South Beach, and high carbohydrate low fat diets, outlining their basic premises and sample meal plans for different phases.
- Other weight loss aids and treatments including diet drugs, very low calorie diets, and bariatric surgery.
Mapeh PE BMI)
Physical inactivity from modern technology can lead to unhealthy lifestyles. Participating in sports officiating provides real-life experiences that promote fitness, management skills, and positive behaviors like integrity and teamwork. Maintaining a healthy weight involves balancing calorie intake with daily energy expenditure. Both gaining and losing weight require manipulating this balance, with weight gain achieved through consuming more calories and weight loss through reducing calorie intake and increasing exercise.
Similar to Nutrition - Chapter 7 Notes (20)
Healthy Living - Chapter 10 - Body Weight & Its Management
Healthy Living - Chapter 10 - Body Weight & Its Management
Chapter 10 - Healthy Living - Body Weight & Its Management
Chapter 10 - Healthy Living - Body Weight & Its Management
Lecture 5 energy, food labels and energy needs during lifetime, nutrition
Lecture 5 energy, food labels and energy needs during lifetime, nutrition
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The document proposes using nanotechnology to design biocomputers called nanites to treat Parkinson's disease. The nanites would be less than 10 micrometers in size and target the neuromuscular junction to restore muscle function in Parkinson's patients. The goals are to control muscle function, determine how to program and power the nanites, and evaluate them safely through clinical trials to drastically improve the lives of Parkinson's patients without side effects.
Section 3 - Chemistry
The document outlines various facts about chemistry and biology. It discusses that all living things must adapt, get energy, reproduce and be made of cells. It also explains that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons and that protons and neutrons are in the nucleus while electrons orbit. Additionally, it notes the three types of bonds - hydrogen, ionic and covalent - and provides facts about water chemistry including its chemical formula and polarity.
Section 2 - Scientific Method
The document provides information on scientific equipment, measurement units, the scientific method, experimental design, and graphing. It defines common lab tools like graduated cylinders, pipettes, and microscopes. It explains units of measurement for mass, length, and temperature. It describes the key parts of the scientific method and experimental design, including the importance of controls, placebos, independent and dependent variables. It also gives brief descriptions of line graphs, bar graphs and pie charts.
Section 8 - Cell Reproduction
The document summarizes key facts about cellular reproduction and the cell cycle. It explains that the cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and mitosis (M phase including prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase). During interphase, the cell grows and DNA is replicated. Mitosis divides the cell into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis produces gametes through two cell divisions and reduces chromosome number by half to produce haploid cells. Fertilization fuses gametes to form a diploid zygote and restart the cell cycle.
Section 9 - Genetics
Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who conducted early experiments with pea plants that formed the basis of genetics. Through his experiments, he discovered that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes) and that some traits are dominant over others. He developed the laws of segregation and independent assortment to describe inheritance patterns. Mendel's work established genetics as a science and he is considered the father of genetics.
Section 7 - Cell Energy
Cellular energy is stored in ATP, which is composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group, releasing energy. Cellular respiration uses oxygen to break down glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP through three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle in mitochondria, and the electron transport chain on mitochondrial membranes. Without oxygen, some cells perform anaerobic respiration through lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are essentially reverse processes.
Section 4 - Biochemistry
This document provides 40 factoids about organic chemistry and biochemistry. It defines organic chemistry as the study of carbon compounds produced by living things. It notes that organic molecules contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and that polymers are macromolecules made of monomers. The four main macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It also provides details on the composition and examples of each macromolecule, as well as enzymes, substrates, active sites, and how pH and temperature can denature enzymes.
Section 1 - Tools of Science and Lab Safety
A graduated cylinder is used to accurately measure volume, with the meniscus read from the center of the curve at the liquid's surface. Other common measurement tools include pipettes, burettes, and syringes, while test tubes, beakers and Erlenmeyer flasks are used to store liquids rather than measure. Standard units of measurement include grams for mass measured using a triple beam balance, meters for length typically using a meter stick, and degrees Celsius for temperature referring to molecular motion speed.
Human Evolution
The document summarizes the Hall of Human Origins exhibit at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural Science, listing several early human species from Australopithecus afarensis to modern Homo sapiens. It provides web addresses for more information on the museum exhibit and external resources about human evolution from PBS, NOVA, and the National Science Teachers Association.
Professional Portfolio
Wesley McCammon is an experienced science teacher who has received several awards and accolades. He has achieved a 100% passing rate on the Biology I test for 7 years with only one failure. His students' scores consistently rank in the top three in the school district. He emphasizes hands-on labs, technology, and real-world problems in his science curriculum. McCammon has experience using various online tools and platforms in his teaching.
Section7
Cellular energy is stored in ATP, which is made of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. ATP breaks down into ADP and phosphate, releasing energy. Cellular respiration uses oxygen to break down glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP through three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle in mitochondria, and the electron transport chain on mitochondrial membranes. Without oxygen, some cells perform anaerobic respiration through lactic acid fermentation in muscles or alcoholic fermentation in yeast. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
Section6
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to enter and leave the cell. The phospholipid molecules that make up the cell membrane have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. There are two types of cellular transport: passive transport, which moves substances down a concentration gradient without energy, and active transport, which moves substances against a concentration gradient and requires energy. The three types of passive transport are simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, while active transport includes exocytosis, endocytosis, and various pumps.
Section5
This document outlines 64 facts about cellular structure and function, tissues, organs, and organ systems. It notes that prokaryotic cells lack nuclei while eukaryotic cells have nuclei that contain DNA and control the cell's activities. It describes the structures and functions of organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cell membrane. It also distinguishes characteristics of plant and animal cells and defines the four basic tissue types, examples of organs, and the 11 human body systems.
Section10
DNA controls the production of proteins in cells and contains the genetic instructions passed down from parents. It is made up of nucleotides that form the shape of a twisted ladder. In 1953, Watson and Crick determined that DNA has a double helix structure. Three types of RNA - mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA - help in the process of protein synthesis by transcribing DNA and transporting amino acids. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA is read in groups of three to determine which amino acid each codon codes for.
Section9
1. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who performed experiments with garden peas and established the basic principles of genetics through his work.
2. Mendel showed that traits are passed from parents to offspring according to dominant and recessive alleles, and predicted inheritance patterns through experiments and statistical analysis.
3. Key terms and concepts that emerged from Mendel's work include genes, alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, dominance, segregation, independent assortment, and his laws of inheritance. Mendel's findings formed the foundation of classical and modern genetics.
Section14
1) Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observing evidence during his voyage on the HMS Beagle and being influenced by Thomas Malthus' ideas about population growth.
2) Darwin proposed that species evolve over generations through natural selection of heritable traits that aid survival and reproduction in their environments.
3) Other influential early evolutionists included Jean-Baptiste Lamarck who proposed the inheritance of acquired traits, Charles Lyell who demonstrated the power of geologic forces over long periods, and James Hutton who viewed the Earth as shaped by gradual processes over deep time.
Section13
The document provides 232 factoids about the different kingdoms, phyla, classes and examples of organisms within the Animal Kingdom. It describes the key characteristics of sponges, jellyfish, flatworms, roundworms, mollusks, annelids, arthropods, echinoderms, and the seven classes within the Chordata phylum. The factoids cover distinguishing features of hagfish, lampreys, sharks, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and the three subclasses of mammals.
Section12
The document discusses the Plant Kingdom and provides facts about different plant divisions. It covers the problems plants face living on land, characteristics of bryophytes, alternation of generations in seedless vascular plants, characteristics of ferns and seed plants, facts about conifers and flowering plants, and characteristics distinguishing monocots from dicots. It also identifies xylem and phloem as the two types of vascular tissue found in plants.
Section11
This document provides 200 facts about taxonomy and the classification of organisms. It discusses the 7 levels of biological classification from kingdom to species. Scientific names use binomial nomenclature, consisting of the genus and species names. Viruses are not considered living organisms and are not classified within the traditional biological taxonomy. The four main kingdoms are Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, and Fungi. Each kingdom has distinguishing characteristics.
Chapter 15 and 16
The document summarizes several biogeochemical cycles including the water, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles. It also discusses ecological succession, population growth, human impacts on ecosystems such as algal blooms, biological magnification, and global warming. Key elements like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen are recycled through these natural processes.
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Nutrition - Chapter 7 Notes
- 1. Chapter 7 Lecture Outline Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
- 4. Estimating kcal Content in Food
- 5. Energy In vs. Energy Out Adaptive Thermogenesis Basal Metabolism Dietary Intake Physical Activity Thermic Effect of food
- 13. Physical Activity Estimate 1.45 1.48 Very Active (walks the equivalent of ~17 miles/day) 1.27 1.25 Active (walks the equivalent of ~7 miles/day) 1.12 1.11 Low Activity (walks the equivalent of ~2 miles/day) 1.00 1.00 Sedentary (no exercise) PA (WOMEN) PA (MEN) ACTIVITY LEVEL
- 18. Height / Weight Table
- 36. What Encourages Excess Body Fat?
- 44. Do the Math To lose one pound, you must create a deficit of 3300 kcal So to lose a pound in 1 week (7 days), try cutting back on your kcal intake and increase physical activity so that you create a deficit of about 500 kcal per day - 500 kcal x 7 days = - 3500 kcal = ~ 1 pound of weight day week loss in 1 week
- 55. Treatment of Severe Obesity
- 60. Gastroplasty
- 66. Popular Diets