Definition of diabetes - introduction - classification of diabetes - etiology of diabetes type 1 and type 2- risk factors for diabetes - diagnosis of diabetes - clinical manifestations of diabetes type 1 and type 2- investigations for diabetes - treatment of diabetes - non-pharmacological treatment and pharmacological treatment - pharmacotherapy of type 1 and type 2 - acute complications of diabetes and treatment
SIGNIFICANCE
OVERVIEW
WHAT IS DIABETES?
DEFINITION
MECHANISM
PREVELANCE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CLASSIFICATION
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
RISK FACTORS
DIAGNOSIS
COMPLICATIONS
MEDICAL TEST
MEDICAL NUTRITIONAL THERAPY
HERBS FOR DIABETES
MYTHS AND FACTS
REFERENCES
The term ‘diabetes’ means excessive urination and the word ‘mellitus’ means honey.
Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong condition caused by a lack, or insufficiency of insulin. Insulin is a hormone – a substance of vital importance that is made by your pancreas. Insulin acts like a key to open the doors into your cells, letting sugar (glucose) in. In diabetes, the pancreas makes too little insulin to enable all the sugar in your blood to get into your muscle and other cells to produce energy. If sugar can’t get into the cells to be used, it builds up in the bloodstream. Therefore, diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has routinely been described as a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that develops as a consequence of defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
Such a deficiency results in increased concentrations of glucose in the blood, which in turn damage many of the body's systems, in particular the blood vessels and nerves.
1. Microvascular (due to damage to small blood vessels).
2. Macrovascular (due to damage to larger blood vessels).
Delivered at the Philippine Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Convention at the EDSA Shangri-la, Manila 2015. Update on Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes in the Philippines.
Definition of diabetes - introduction - classification of diabetes - etiology of diabetes type 1 and type 2- risk factors for diabetes - diagnosis of diabetes - clinical manifestations of diabetes type 1 and type 2- investigations for diabetes - treatment of diabetes - non-pharmacological treatment and pharmacological treatment - pharmacotherapy of type 1 and type 2 - acute complications of diabetes and treatment
SIGNIFICANCE
OVERVIEW
WHAT IS DIABETES?
DEFINITION
MECHANISM
PREVELANCE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CLASSIFICATION
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
RISK FACTORS
DIAGNOSIS
COMPLICATIONS
MEDICAL TEST
MEDICAL NUTRITIONAL THERAPY
HERBS FOR DIABETES
MYTHS AND FACTS
REFERENCES
The term ‘diabetes’ means excessive urination and the word ‘mellitus’ means honey.
Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong condition caused by a lack, or insufficiency of insulin. Insulin is a hormone – a substance of vital importance that is made by your pancreas. Insulin acts like a key to open the doors into your cells, letting sugar (glucose) in. In diabetes, the pancreas makes too little insulin to enable all the sugar in your blood to get into your muscle and other cells to produce energy. If sugar can’t get into the cells to be used, it builds up in the bloodstream. Therefore, diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has routinely been described as a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that develops as a consequence of defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
Such a deficiency results in increased concentrations of glucose in the blood, which in turn damage many of the body's systems, in particular the blood vessels and nerves.
1. Microvascular (due to damage to small blood vessels).
2. Macrovascular (due to damage to larger blood vessels).
Delivered at the Philippine Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Convention at the EDSA Shangri-la, Manila 2015. Update on Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes in the Philippines.
"End Stage Renal Disease:Common Problems and Possible Solutions". A review of Diabetes and hypertension and how they contribute to complications in the ESRD patient. Renal Care Partners offers state of the art hemodialysis on the campus of Palm Garden of West Palm Beach.
Diabetes: Get to know about it and its solution.Huma Kashif
Diabetes mellitus , which is one of the leading diseases of the age , is a type of disease that plays the first role in the formation of many fatal diseases and is very common all over the world.
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition that affects the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels. It is caused by a deficiency of the hormone insulin, which helps the body convert sugar from food into energy. People with diabetes often have high levels of sugar in their blood, which can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. Symptoms of diabetes include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, weight loss, and blurred vision. Treatment typically involves lifestyle changes, such as exercising regularly, eating healthy, and taking medications, as well as monitoring blood sugar levels. With proper treatment and management, people with diabetes can enjoy a normal life. Know more from the documents
Essay on Diabetes in the UK
Diabetes Mellitus Essay
Diabetes Essay
Essay on Diabetes Type 2
Essay On Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes Essays
Essay on Diabetes Outline
Essay on Diabetes
Essay on Diabetes Mellitus
Essay on Diabetes Mellitus
Essay on Diabetes and Diet
Type 1 Diabetes Essay
"Empowered Living with Diabetes: Navigating the Path to Wellness" is an indispensable guide for individuals seeking comprehensive knowledge and practical strategies for effectively managing diabetes. Written by Dr. Olivia Mitchell, a renowned expert in the field of diabetes management, this book offers a holistic approach to understanding and navigating the complexities of diabetes.
From the introductory chapters that provide a thorough overview of diabetes and its various types, to the detailed discussions on prevention, management, and coexisting conditions, this book covers it all. With clarity and expertise, Dr. Mitchell delves into topics such as blood glucose monitoring, medication management, healthy eating, physical activity, stress management, and the emotional well-being of individuals with diabetes.
Through insightful chapters that address common comorbidities associated with diabetes, readers will gain valuable knowledge on how to effectively manage cardiovascular health, hypertension, kidney disease, eye complications, nerve damage, and mental health concerns. Practical tips, evidence-based recommendations, and real-life examples provide readers with the tools needed to take control of their health and embrace a life of empowerment.
Furthermore, this book offers guidance for navigating special occasions, traveling with diabetes, and staying motivated while overcoming challenges. Dr. Mitchell emphasizes the importance of a supportive environment, self-advocacy, and the power of a positive mindset in achieving long-term success in diabetes management.
"Empowered Living with Diabetes" is not just a guidebook, but a source of inspiration and empowerment for individuals living with diabetes. Dr. Olivia Mitchell's expertise and compassionate approach create a valuable resource that will help readers develop the skills, knowledge, and confidence to thrive while managing their condition.
Whether you are newly diagnosed, have been living with diabetes for years, or are a caregiver or healthcare professional seeking comprehensive insights, this book is an invaluable companion on your journey towards wellness and empowerment. With its practical advice, empowering strategies, and the belief that a fulfilling life with diabetes is possible, "Empowered Living with Diabetes" will guide you towards a healthier, happier, and more empowered future.
Diabetes can be a silent killer if left undetected and is the leading cause of blindness and kidney failure. It can also increase your chances of having a heart attack, stroke or infection.
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. There are multiple types of diabetes: Type 1 , Type 2, Pre-diabetes and Gestational Diabetes
Know the signs and symptoms of diabetes and possible solutionssupreme100
Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disease, affecting people of all geographic, ethnic or racial origin and its prevalence is increasing globally,Burden from this costly disease is high on the low and middle-income countries (LMIC) where the impacts of modernization and urbanization have caused marked adverse changes in lifestyle parameters. How To Know the signs and symptoms of diabetes and possible solutions
We provide health information that seeks out to notify, educate, discuss, guide you regarding diabetes and connect you to the people online. For more details you can visit at http://www.fightdiabetes.com.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
2. What is DM
Causes of DM
Risk factors
Types of DM
DM trends- Global and BD
Sign/symptom
Complications
Management – Prevention, Treatment, Care
BD- BERDAM hospital and asso
Diabetes Mellitus
3. What is
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that is
characterized by raised blood glucose levels
(Hyperglycemia) from defects in insulin production,
insulin action, or both.
The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic
disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic
hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat
and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin
secretion, insulin action, or both.
The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term
damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs.
4. The development of diabetes is projected to
reach pandemic proportions over the next10-
20 years.
International Diabetes Federation (IDF) data
indicate that by the year 2025, the number of
people affected will reach 333 million –90% of
these people will have Type 2 diabetes.
In most Western societies, the overall
prevalence has reached 4-6%, and is as high
as 10-12% among 60-70-year-old people.
The annual health costs caused by diabetes
and its complications account for around 6-
12% of all health-care expenditure.
5. Blood sugar and health
Sugar
(glucose) is
an important
source
of energy
What is eaten is
absorbed into
the blood
Insulin is produced
by the pancreas
when
blood sugar is high
Insulin keeps blood
sugar level within
the normal range
for health
8. Diabetes in a ‘nutshell’
Insufficient insulin to meet the body’s needs
Either a complete lack (type 1) or relative lack
(type 2) of insulin
Results in raised blood glucose levels
Untreated diabetes results in short-term
symptoms and serious long-term complications
Treatment aims to keep blood glucose levels as
close to the normal range as safely possible
9. Symptoms of Diabetes
People with diabetes often have typical complaints
(symptoms):
Thirst and frequent drinking
More frequent urination, particularly at night
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Frequent infections : skin, genital
10. Risk Factors
Family history of Diabetes
Over weight
Unhealthy diet
Physical inactivity
Gestational Diabetes
Genetically (type 1 diabetes,
pre-diabetes, gestational)
Can develop due to poor diet &
inadequate exercise (pre-
diabetes, type 2 diabetes,
gestational diabetes)
12. Types of diabetes
There are 4 major types of diabetes:
1. Type 1 Diabetes - Childhood
2. Type 2 Diabetes - Adulthood
3. Gestational Diabetes - Pregnancy
4. Others- Pre-diabetic -
13. Types of Diabetes…..
1) Type 1 Diabetes
usually diagnosed in childhood
affected by hereditary
sometimes there are no symptoms
Imperative to inject insulin daily
because the body makes little or no
insulin
frequently called the ‘insulin-
needed’ group
Patients with type 1 diabetes need
insulin daily to survive
14. Types of Diabetes…..
2)Type 2 Diabetes
most common
usually occurs in adulthood
but diagnosis is increasing in
the younger generation
affects many children
Body is incapable of
responding to insulin
Rates rising due to increased
obesity and failure to exercise
and eat healthy
15. Types of Diabetes…..
3) Gestational
Diabetes
blood sugar levels are
high during pregnancy
in women
Women who give birth
to children over 9 lbs.
high risk of type 2
diabetes and
cardiovascular disease
16. Types of Diabetes…..
4) Pre-diabetes
Starts with unhealthy eating
habits & inadequate exercise
At least 79 million people are
diagnosed with pre-diabetes
each year
above average blood glucose
levels, not high enough to be
classified under type 1 or type
2 diabetes
long-term damage to body,
including heart and circulatory
system
17. Diabetes is a huge and growing problem, and
the costs to society are high and escalating
Globally
382 million people
have diabetes By
2035, this number will
rise to 592 million
In Bangladesh
8.4 million people had
diabetes in 2013
Source: http://www.idf.org
18. Number of People with Undiagnosed with Diabetes
Source: http://www.idf.org
20. Socio-economic status with diabetes and pre-
diabetes in Bangladesh, 2011
Source: Akter, S., Rahman, M. M., Abe, S. K., & Sultana, P. (2014). Prevalence of diabetes and
prediabetes and their risk factors among Bangladeshi adults: a nationwide survey.
21. Educational level of the people with diabetes
and pre-diabetes in Bangladesh, 2011
Source: Akter, S., Rahman, M. M., Abe, S. K., & Sultana, P. (2014). Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes
and their risk factors among Bangladeshi adults: a nationwide survey.
22. Rural-Urban ration of diabetes
prevalence in Bangladesh during the
year 2011
Source: Akter, S., Rahman, M. M., Abe, S. K., & Sultana, P. (2014). Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and
their risk factors among Bangladeshi adults: a nationwide survey.
23. Differences between type-1
and type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1
Young age
Normal BMI, not obese
No immediate family
history
Short duration of
symptoms (weeks)
Can present with
diabetic coma (diabetic
ketoacidosis)
Insulin required
Type 2
Middle aged, elderly
Usually
overweight/obese
Family history usual
Symptoms may be
present for
months/years
Do not present with
diabetic coma
Insulin not necessarily
required
Previous diabetes in
pregnancy
These differences are not absolute
26. Prevention
Prevention starts with a
better lifestyle
eating healthier
being active
taking medicine as directed
taking care of your body
check feet to make sure there is
no nerve damage or interruption
of blood flow
take care of teeth
control blood pressure and high
no smoking!
check in with your doctor at least
once a month
have your blood sugar checked
along with weight, blood
pressure, and feelings
Check blood sugar levels daily by
27. At present, type 1 diabetes cannot be
prevented. The environmental triggers
that are thought to generate the process
that results in the destruction of the
body’s insulin-producing cells are still
under investigation.
There is a lot of evidence that lifestyle
changes (achieving a healthy body weight
and moderate physical activity) can help
prevent the development of type 2
diabetes.
Prevention of Diabetes
29. Medical Nutrition Therapy
Primary Goal – improve
metabolic control
Blood glucose
Lipid (cholesterol) levels
30. Medical Nutrition Therapy
Maintain short and long term body
weight
Reach and maintain normal growth
and development
Prevent or treat complications
Improve and maintain nutritional
status
Provide optimal nutrition for
pregnancy
31. Nutritional Management for Type I
Diabetes
Consistency and timing
of meals
Timing of insulin
Monitor blood glucose
regularly
32. Nutritional Management for Type II
Diabetes
Weight loss
Smaller meals and snacks
Physical activity
Monitor blood glucose and
medications
36. Action of Insulin on Carbohydrate, Protein
and Fat Metabolism
Carbohydrate
Facilitates the transport of glucose
into muscle and adipose cells
Facilitates the conversion of glucose
to glycogen for storage in the liver
and muscle.
Decreases the breakdown and
release of glucose from glycogen by
the liver
37. Action of Insulin on Carbohydrate, Protein
and Fat Metabolism
Protein
Stimulates protein synthesis
Inhibits protein breakdown; diminishes
gluconeogenesis.
38. Action of Insulin on Carbohydrate, Protein
and Fat Metabolism
Fat
Stimulates lipogenesis- the
transport of triglycerides to adipose
tissue
Inhibits lipolysis – prevents
excessive production of ketones or
ketoacidosis
39. Type I Diabetes
Low or absent endogenous insulin
Dependent on exogenous insulin for
life
Onset generally < 30 years
5-10% of cases of diabetes
Onset sudden
Symptoms: 3 P’s: polyuria, polydypsia,
polyphagia
41. Type II Diabetes
Insulin levels may be normal, elevated or
depressed
Characterized by insulin resistance,
diminished tissue sensitivity to insulin,
and impaired beta cell function (delayed or
inadequate insulin release)
Often occurs >40 years
43. Type II Diabetes
Risk factors:
family history,
sedentary lifestyle,
obesity and
aging
Controlled by weight loss, oral
hypoglycemic agents and or insulin