This document defines and provides examples of different parts of speech including nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns. It explains that nouns name people, places, things, and ideas. Adjectives describe nouns, and adverbs provide information about verbs by describing manner, time, place, or degree. It also discusses singular and plural nouns, countable vs. uncountable nouns, possessive nouns, and indefinite pronouns.

1. PARTS OF
SPEECH
NOUNS?
ADJECTIVES?
ADVERBS?

2. NOUNS
 -Basically, nouns are words, which name
persons, places, things, creatures, ideas.
 Ex: Jasline, Multimedia University, Melaka,
monsters, beauty.

3. COMMON NOUNS
 Names of persons and things:

4. PROPER NOUNS
 NAMES for SPECIFIC People/ Places
 MUST BEGIN WITH CAPITAL LETTERS

5. ABSTRACT NOUNS
 NAME things that cannot be TOUCHED or
seen, perhaps an idea.
 Ex: happiness, beauty, peace, love, anger,
bravery, advice, pride, wisdom.

6.  COUNTABLE NOUNS = CAN be counted
 UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS= CANNOT BE
COUNTED

7. COUNTABLE OR UNCOUTABLE?
 Dollar/Money
 Song/music
 Suitcase/luggage
 Table/furniture
 Battery/electricity
 Bottle/wine
 Report/information
 Tip/advice
 Journey/travel
 Job/work
 View/scenery

8. Changing Singular Nouns to Plural
Nouns
 Most of the time, + s
 Ex: girl= girls, boy= boys, cane=canes
 Sometimes, we +es if the noun ends with –
s,-ss,-x,-ch,-sh
 Ex: beach= beaches, box=boxes
 Dish=dishes, boss=bosses

9. IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUNS
 man=men
 Foot=feet
 Goose=geese
 Mouse=mice
 Tooth=teeth
 Woman=women

10. Irregular Nouns
 police= police
 1 deer= 2 deer
 1 Fish= 2 fish
 Offspring=offspring
 1 Sheep= 2 sheep
 1 Species= 2 species
 Cattle= cattle

11. Sometimes, if the noun ends with:
1. Consonant + y then remove y and +ies
 Ex: city = cities, baby = babies
2. Vowel + y then just add –s
 Ex: Boy= boys, key= keys
3. If with –f/fe, then + ves
Ex: Wife = wives, knife=knives

12. POSSESSIVE NOUNS
 To show owners, just put ‘s
 Ex: Jasline’s car, Jason’s wives.
 Singular owner, then ‘s
 Ex: A boy’s room, A cat’s bones.
 Many owners, then s’
 Ex: many boys’ bags, many doctors’
patients.

13. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
 Indefinite pronouns are words which replace
nouns and you do not know WHO.
 Ex: someone is waiting outside.
 You know a person is outside but you do not
know who…
 OTHER EXAMPLES OF INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
 Singular: another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, little, much, neither, nobody, no
one, nothing, one, other, somebody, someone, something

14. REMEMBER:
 Singular indefinite pronouns take singular verbs or singular
personal pronouns.
 Correct: Each of the members has one vote.
(The subject, each, is singular. Use has.)
 Someone is following me!
 Someone ARE following me! THIS IS WRONG!!! After single
indefinite pronoun, 100% use SINGULAR VERBS

15. ADJECTIVES
 WORDS THAT DESCRIBE A NOUN OR
PRONOUN:
An angry dog, a frozen man, an excited cat, a messy room, a hot day.

16. ADVERBS
 An adverb gives us more information on
VERBS.
~ normally, adverbs have –ly behind it…
 An adverb tells us the manner/way, time, place
or answers questions such as "how," "when,"
"where," "how often“ an ACTION happens.
 Ex: She finished her homework quickly. (How
did she finish her homework? ~quickly(adverb)

17. Ex: Adverb of Manner. HOW
ACTION IS DONE…
 His mother screamed angrily at him after
looking at his result .
 The doctor checked the pregnant lady
carefully

18. Adverb of time. WHEN??
Includes: early, never, now, often, soon, then, today, tomorrow
 He spoke cheerfully to his dad on the phone this morning.
Adverb of place. WHERE???
include; abroad, anywhere, here, outside, somewhere,
there, underground, upstairs ...
 The lecturer was held there.

19. Adverbs of degree - answer the question How
much? USE TO MODIFY ADJECTIVES
includes: almost, entirely, little, much, rather, very, too
 I am too tired to play tennis tonight.
Adverbs of frequency - answer the question How
often?
Includes: always, never, usually, frequently, sometimes,
occasionally
 She always goes for classes alone.