4. SYNOPSIS
• Every NAME is a NOUN.
• In place of NOUN, PRONOUNS
are used like HE,
she, it, etc…
• The Adjectives tells us
about the QUALITY of the
Noun like GOOD Boy, BEST
student.
• The VERB describes the
5. • The ADVERB tells us about the
QUALITY of the verb i.e.
that how the ACTION is being done
like reading SLOWLY,
Writing QUICKLY and swimming
SLOWLY etc…
•THE PREPOSITION Shows the
RELATION like
in, At, on etc…
• The CONJUCTION is used to join the
two or more words/
6. Usage Of CAPITAL
letters…
Capital letter is sometimes
called BIG letters or the
UPPER CASE..
A B C D E F G H
I J K L M N O P
Q R S T U V W X
Y Z
7. • Always use FIRST letter of the
sentence as the CAPITAL letter.
The student is studying.
• Always use the capital letter for
the letter “i "no matter wherever it is
used.
Sunny and I are good friends.
• Always use capital letter for the
Names of the PEOPLE.
Alice, Robin, Alex, Mr. David.
• Always use capital letter for the
Names of the PLACES.
Amritsar, Delhi, London,
8. nouns…
NOUNS are used for
PEOPLE,ANIMALS,PLACES or THINGS.
common nouns…
COMMON NOUNS are the commonly
used words to address the people,
animals, places or things (not specific
to anybody).
Name of the PEOPLE Actor,
Lawyer, Baker, Baby, Doctor etc.
Name of the ANIMALS Eagle, Zebra,
9. proper nouns…
PROPER NOUNS are the names of the
particular person, people, places or things.
They always begin with Capital letters.
Name of the PEOPLE
Sunny, Alice, Santa Clause, Harry
etc.
Name of the COUNTRIES and their PEOPLE NAMES
.
America, India, Japanese, Canadian
etc.
Name of the TOWNS, CITIES, BUILDINGS and
LANDMARKS
Amritsar, Sydney, National Museum,
Lawrence Road etc.
Days of WEEK and Months of YEAR
11. singulAr nouns…
• Singular Nouns describes only one
person, place , animal or
thing.
E.g.- A Women, An hour, An Owl, A
train , A Car etc.
• We always use A or AN before
Singular Nouns.
• AN is used before the words
beginning with VOWELS.
VOWELS are A,E,I ,O and U. (5
12. plurAl nouns…
Plural Nouns describes two or more
people, animals, places or things.
•Most nouns are made plurals by
adding –s at the end.
Cat- Cats Game-
Games.
Pencil-Pencils Photo-
Photos
• When the last letter of singular
noun is ch, sh,ss,s or x they are
made plural usually by adding –es
13. •Some Singular Nouns which ends with –y are
made plural by adding –ies
Butterfly-Butterflies Story-
Stories
Candy- Candies Lady-
Ladies
•But if there is a VOWEL before –y, then they
are made plural by adding –s.
Key-Keys Day-Days
Tray-Trays Toy-Toys
•Singular Nouns ending with –f are made
plural by replacing –f with –ves.
Half- Halves Wolf-Wolves
Leaf-Leaves Shelf-Shelves
14. • Some Singular nouns that ends with –fe
are made plural by replacing –fe with –
ves.
Knife-Knives Life-Lives
Wife-Wives
• Some plural Nouns do not follow -s, -es
or -ves rule instead the word changes.
Man-Men Mouse-Mice
Tooth-Teeth
Woman-WomenChild-Children
Foot-Feet
• Some nouns are same as singular as
well as plural.
15. COLLECTIVE NOUNS…
Collective Nouns are the words
used for the groups of the people,
animals or things.
A family A crew A
team
A group A gang A
class
•Most of the collective noun take
singular verb
My family is happy to see me.
My group is brilliant.
•But few collective nouns always take
plural verb
17. Masculine Noun
Feminine Noun
Bridegroom Bride
King Queen
Boy Girl
Man Women
Waiter Waitress
Mr. Mrs.
Brother Sister
Father Mother
Son Daughter
Uncle Aunt
Lion Lioness
18. •Many nouns are used for both
males and females.
They are called common
gender nouns.
Doctor, Nurse, Scientist,
Lawyer, Teacher, Engineer.
•Many nouns which are neither
male or female are
19. NOUNS
COMMON NOUNS PROPER
NOUNS
SINGULAR NOUNS PLURAL
NOUNS
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
MASCULINE NOUNS FEMININE
NOUNS
COMMON GENDER NEUTER
NOUNS
20. pronouns…
PRONOUNS are the words which are
used in the place of
nouns.
•PERSONAL Pronouns are used for the
person.
•I, YOU, SHE, HE, IT, WE, THEY are called
PERSONAL Pronouns.
•They are used in place of noun where
the noun is SUBJECT.
I like you.
He is my father.
It is my dog.
21. personAl pronoun…
SUBJECT
OBJECT
I ME
SHE HER
THEY THEM
YOU YOU
IT IT
HE HIM
22. Groups of
pronoun… The person speaking is
FIRST PERSON :-
called the first person.
I ME
WE US (Plural)
SECOND PERSON :- The person spoken to is
called the second person.
YOU YOU
THIRD PERSON :- The person spoken to or the
person for whom the FIRST
and SECOND person are
talking is called third person.
HE HIM
SHE HER
23. reflexes pronoun…
REFLEXES PRONOUNS
reflects to subject
backwards. In this case,
subject and the object of the
sentence are same.
I shall make cake
myself.
24. interrogAtive pronouns…
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS are used
to ask QUESTIONS like WHO, WHOM, WHICH,
WHOSE, WHAT are Interrogative
Pronouns.
•WHO is usually used for Subject. If the
question indicates HE, SHE, it
then Who is used.
•WHOM is used only for the object. If the
question indicates HIM,HER
then whom is used.
•WHICH is used for the things.
25. demonstrAtive pronouns…
The words like THIS, THAT, THESE,
THOSE are called Demonstrative Pronouns.
They are the indicating words.
THIS is my house.
thAt is john‟s house.
THESE are my clothes.
THOSE are horses.
What are THOSE.
•The words THIS and THESE are used when we
are pointing things near to us.
(THIS is for Singular. THOSE is for Plural)
•The word THAT and THOSE are used when we
26. Adjective…
An ADJECTIVE is the describing
word. It tells us about the
quality of noun. It usually
appear before the noun it
describes. Sometimes, it appears
after the noun, later in the
sentence.
A deep sea. A
beautiful girl.
27. ADJECTIVE have different
endings…
• Some adjective ends with –ful or –less
A beautiful dress A
homeless person.
A careful driver A careless
driver.
• Usually an adjective ending with –ful
and less are Antonyms
(opposite to each other)
• Often adjectives ending with –ful
28. •some Adjectives ends with “y”
Dirty Sleepy Oily
Sunny
•some Adjectives ends with “-ive”
Attractive Creative
Active Attentive
•some Adjective end with “-ing”
Caring Loving
Interesting Exciting
29. types of Adjectives…
• Mostof the adjectives describe
the quality of the noun.
They are called adjective of
quality.
A cold drink A
beautiful girl.
A faithful dog A hot
coffee.
30. •Some adjectives describe the
colour of the noun.
White shoes A red
rose.
A blue sea A green
apple.
• Some adjectives describe the
size of the noun.
A large castle A
big tray.
31. forms of Adjectives…
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
Fast Faster
Faster
Big Bigger Biggest
Beautiful More beautiful
Most Beautiful
Intelligent More intelligent Most
intelligent
Active More active Most
32. •In case of Comparative adjective ,
the word „thAn‟ is used.
He runs faster than you.
I am more active than you.
Allen speaks louder than
all.
•In case of Superlative of
Adjective, the word “the” is used
before the adjective.
This is the longest route.
33. determiners……..
DETERMINERS are the words
such as THIS, THOSE, MY, THEIR,
WHICH. They are the special
adjectives that are used before
the nouns.
DETERMINERS are of four kinds:-
•DEMONSTRATIVE DETERMINERS.
•INTERROGATIVE DETERMINERS.
•POSSESSIVE DETERMINERS.
34. DEMONSTRATIVE
determiners…
DEMONSTRATIVE DETERMINERS are
used to demonstrate, describe or tell
which thing or person (noun, pronoun),
you mean.
The word THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE are
demonstrative determiners.
• THIS as singular form and THESE as
plural form are used to point
people or things near to us.
I am buying this book. I want
to purchase this house.
35. INTERROGATIVE
determiners…
INTERROGATIVE DETERMINERS are
used before nouns to ask the question
about people or things. They are also
called INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVE.
•The word WHICH, WHAT and WHOSE are
called Interrogative
determiners.
What is your name?
What time is this?
Whose dog is barking in
36. possessive determiners…
POSSESSIVE DETERMINERS are the
words which are used before the noun to
define or determine the possession of the
noun. The words like
MY,OUR,YOUR,HIS,HER,ITS, THEIR are
possessive determiners.
SINGULAR PLURAL
FIRST PERSON MY OUR
SECOND PERSON YOU YOURS
THIRD PERSON HIS THEIR
HER THEIR
ITS THEIR
My book is very interesting. Your
37. QUANTIFYING DETERMINERS
They tell us about the quantity of
the nouns. Such as
Many, much, several: Tell about the
quantity without giving the numbers.
few, A few, the few…….
little, A little, the little….
All, half, some, enough, a lot of, more,
most, other, plenty of
much, less, much more….
Another, every and each: they are used
only with singular nouns.
38. the Articles…
The words A, AN and THE are
called ARTICLES.
A and AN are indefinite articles.
They do not define any particular
noun or used with common singular
noun. They are used before the
singular nouns.
•AN is used before the VOWELS
(A,E,I,O,U).
I am reading a book.
39. •the word “the” is cAlled A definite
article. It is used before a
particular person or thing
(particular noun)
The telephone bell is
ringing.
I need your help in the book
of Shakespeare.
He has won the race.
Thomson is sitting in the
drawing room.
40. verbs And tenses…
verbs…
Most verbs are action words.
They tells us that what people,
animals or things are doing or
about the action of the noun like
ACT BUY RENT
CROSS
tenses…
FALL FLY GO
Tenses are the feature of
COME
verb indicating when action
took place.
41. TENSES
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future
Present Past Future
continuous continuous continuous
Present Past Perfect Future
Perfect Past Perfect Perfect
Present Continuous Future
Perfect Perfect
Continuous Continuous
42. SIMPLE :- It depicts general or
universal truth or
situations existing for a
period of time
or non- continuous
action occurring or
action occurring at regular
intervals.
CONTINOUS :-Its depicts continuous
or ongoing actions.
43. PRESENT TENSE
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE express the general
truth, universal truth or the action or
situation existing for the period of time or
action occurring at regular intervals.
Alice wears glasses.
The sun sets in the west.
The children go to school by
bus.
Father takes the dog for a
walk every morning.
•Usage of –s with first form of verb is done in
case of he, she and it. With rest only first
form of the verb is used
You do your work.
44. USE OF IS, AM AND ARE
The word IS, Am and ARE are also verb
of present tense, but they are not
action words. They are simple present
tense of verb BE.
•`is‟ is used with he, she, it.
•`Am‟ is used with i.
•`Are‟ is used with you, we, they etc.
It is very hot today.
I am Peter. My brother is
John.
His father is a teacher.
45. •IS and ARE are used with the word
`there‟ or `this‟ to sAy
what you can see or hear. The
plural of this is THESE.
There is a fence around
the house.
this is A pArrot‟s voice.
There are two guards
at the gate.
46. USE OF HAS AND HAVE
Use of HAS and HAVE in simple present
tense shows possession. They are
used to talk about things that
people do or get.
•HAS is used with HE, SHE, IT(singular
third person)
•HAVE is used with I,WE, THEY etc.
Alice has fever.
Alex has my pen.
Smith has a bike and a very good
47. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE OR
CONTINUOUS TENSE
This tense is used when the action
is still going on or happening now.
it‟s A continuous or on going
activity.
•In this IS, AM and ARE are used as
auxiliary verbs.
•First form of verb with –ing is
used.
I am writing.
48. •In interrogative tense, the auxiliary
verb will come before subject.
Am I writing neat and clean?
Is the phone bell ringing?
Is he driving a car?
Are they swimming in the
pool?
•The present progressive tense is
also used to talk about the things
you have planned to do or for the
things that are going to happen
in the future.
His parents are going to take him
49. PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE is used for
the non-continuous actions
completed before a certain time.
It is used to talk about the
happenings in the past that
explain or effects the present.
•HAS and HAVE are used as the
auxiliary verbs.
•Third form of verb is used.
Alice has got full
50. USE OF SINCE AND FOR
•SINCE is used to depict the point of
time.
I have been working on this
project since morning.
It has been raining since
morning.
•FOR is used to portray period of
time.
51. PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSE is used when continuous or
on going action is completed
before a certain time.
•HAS BEEN and HAVE BEEN are
used as auxiliary verbs.
•First form of verb with –ing is
used.
52. PAST TENSE
simple pAst tense…
•It is used for the thing that happened
in past.
•It is also used to talk about the
things that happened in the stories.
•In Simple Past Tense, second form of
verb is used.
He gave me an apple.
He completed his work.
I went to hospital to see
53. USE OF DID
• Did is the helping verb in the
past tense.
•We can make negative sentence
by using did not. When did is used,
the first form of verb is used in
the past tense.
I did not go to school.
He did not attend the
class.
54. USE OF WAS AND
WERE
•Was and Were are the verbs of in the Past
Tense.
• WAS is used with I,HE,SHE and IT (Singular
nouns and pronouns)
• WERE is used with WE,THEY and YOU
(Plural nouns and pronouns)
• Use of WAS and WERE is very similar to
the use of IS, AM and ARE in
simple present tense.
Einstein was a great
scientist.
It was very cold on
55. PAST PROGRESSIVE OR
CONTINUOUStalk about the things or
• It is used to
TENSE
action that were happening
at a certain moment in the past.
• In this auxiliary verb WAS or WERE is
used.
• In this first form of verb and –ing is
used.
Alice was suffering from fever
yesterday.
56. PAST PERFECT
TENSE
•PAST PERFECT TENSE is used for
the non- continuous
actions completed before a
certain time in the past.
• In this HAD is used as the
auxiliary verb.
• And third form of verb is used.
He had completed his job .
You had passed university
57. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
PAST PERFECT TENSE is used for the
continuous action completed
before a certain time in the past.
•In this HAD BEEN is used as an
auxiliary verb.
•First form of verb and –ing is used
as the verb form.
He had been crossing the river,
58. FUTURE TENSE
FUTURE TENSE is used for the things that
are going to happen in the future.
•SHALL and WILL are used as auxiliary
verbs.
•First form of verb is used.
•SHALL is used with I and WE.
•WILL is used with YOU, HE, SHE, IT and THEY.
•The use of WILL is also acceptable
with I and WE.
I shall go to school next week.
He will come to collect the fees
tomorrow.
59. •There is also an another way to
express the things or future
actions that are going to happen
by using “going to”
The winter is going to start in
the month of November.
They are going to come for the
dinner tonight.
Tomorrow, he is going to bake
the cake.
•We can also use simple present
tense to talk about the things
60. FUTURE CONTINUOUS
TENSE CONTINUOUS TENSE is used
FUTURE
to talk about the continuous or
ongoing actions that will be
happening in the future.
•WILL BE and SHALL BE are used
as auxiliary verbs.
•First form of verb with –ing is
used.
He will be coming
61. FUTURE PERFECT
TENSE
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE is used
to talk about non-continuous
action completed before a
certain time in future.
•WILL HAVE is used as the
auxiliary verb.
•Third form of verb is used.
He will have completed
his job.
62. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE is
FUTURE
used to talk about the continuous,
ongoing actions which are
completed before a certain time.
•WILL HAVE BEEN and SHALL HAVE
BEEN are used as
auxiliary/helping verbs.
•First form of verb is used with –
ing.
The school will have been opening
63. USE OF CAN AND
COULD
CAN and COULD both are auxiliary verbs.
they Are used to tAlk About people‟s
ability to do things.
•COULD is the past tense of CAN.
He can run faster than me.
Alice can well afford an
expensive car.
He can hold me.
Some birds cannot fly.
Alice could not come
because he was ill.
Alice said we could go home
64. USE OF MAY AND MIGHT
MAY and MIGHT are also helping or
auxiliary verbs.
•MAY is used to sought or give permission
to do something.
May I ride your bicycle.
You may come in.
May I come in.
•MAY and MIGHT are also used to talk
about the things that are going
to happen but the probability of
happening in MIGHT is quite less than
MAY.
65. USE OF DO, DOES AND DID
DO and DOES are used in present tense
to talk about the actions.
DO is used with I,WE and THEY etc.
DOES is used with HE,SHE and IT
(Singular noun and pronouns of third
person).
SINGULAR PLURAL
FIRST PERSON I DO WE DO
SECOND PERSON YOU DO YOU DO
THIRD PERSON HE DOES THEY DO
SHE DOES
66. Example:- Dad does his work.
We do exercise together.
They do amazing games.
•DO and DOES are also used as helping
verbs to ask and answer
questions.
•DID is the past form of DO and DOES.
Dad did his work.
We did exercise
together.
They did amazing games.
Did you find an answer.
Did you like an ice-cream.
67. Example:-
Do you like mango.
Does it rain today.
Do you enjoy music.
•DO and DOES along with negative
like do not and does not
is used to make negative verbs
or answers.
We do not exercise
together.
They do not do
68. USE OF Will and would
The word WILL is used when you
ask someone to do something.
Will you please stop making noise.
Will you close the door.
The word WILL is also used to
offer something or suggest
something.
Will I drive the car for you? Will I
help you in this matter.
69. USE OF WOULD LIKE
We use WOULD LIKE when we are
offering people things or asking for
something.
Would you like to have a
cup of coffee?
I would like to take rest.
•When people are accepting things
they often use WOULD LOVE
instead of WOULD LIKE.
Would you like to have to
have a cup of tea?
70. USE OF SHOULD, Ought to &
SHOULD is also a helping or
Must
auxiliary verb. It is used to talk
about actions that are
necessary or for the things we
should ought to do.
We should respect our country.
You should not talk loudly in the
library.
Ought to: - The usage of ought to
very similar to the usage of
should, but it is considered to be
71. SUBJECT-VERB
AGREEMENT
When we write a sentence, subject
and verb must agree with each
other. If we are using singular
noun or pronoun as a subject, then
we must use singular verb.
•If we use plural noun/ pronoun as
a subject, then we must
use plural verb.
Sally enjoys jazz music.
Alice like mangoes.
72. COLLECTIVE NOUNS
COLLECTIVE NOUNS may use
singular or plural verbs.
The class is studying.
The family is going to
America.
•Some plural nouns such as
people, cattle, police always
take plural verb.
People are going to run a
73. ADVERB
An ADVERB is a word that tells us
about the quality of verb. It tells
about the way the action is being
done.
Most of the adverbs end with –ly
Quickly Firstly Happily
Beautifully
Slowly Loudly
Bravely Heavily
EXAMPLE:
He is driving
75. •Some adverb describe the way
in which something is
done.
The driver braked
suddenly.
He is driving safely.
•Some adverbs describe when
something is done.
Paul has just
76. •Some adverbs tell you where
something happens.
Upstairs Inside Here
Next-door
Downstairs Outside There
Away
EXAMPLE:-
They are playing outside.
it is rAining . let‟s go
inside.
The children are going
77. PREPOSITIONS
A PREPOSITION is the word that
connects one thing with another
showing how they are related. A
preposition is usually followed by a
noun or a pronoun.
•Some prepositions tells us about the
position or place like IN,
INTO,ON and OFF.
There is a rainbow in the
sky.
A book fells off the shell.
78. Some prepositions are used to
talk about the time. Like ON,
UNTIL, DURING, BEFORE, AFTER
and IN.
Many shops are closed
on Sunday.
I am going to Delhi
during winter.
79. USAGE OF OF, FOR AND
WITH of “of”
•usAge
I will buy a packet of milk
and a bottle of coke.
Alice is a member of tennis
team.
I need two volumes of book.
Most of my classmates are
going for picnic.
•usAge of “for”
I made this card for my mom.
Is there any room for both
80. •usAge of “with”
Mix the milk with honey.
Allen painted the picture
with his new brush.
Cross the lane with care.
Dad is angry with me.
I went for a movie with my
friend.
81. USAGE OF EXCEPT AND
INSTEAD OF
I like everybody in the
class except John.
I will give you notes on all
subjects except Maths.
You used this route instead
of that route.
82. use of “on” And “in”
•USE OF ON
ON is used for the things lying
outside.
Example:-
The papers are lying on the
table.
The cup of tea is kept on the
table.
•USE OF IN
IN is used for the things inside
the object.
83. USE OF BEHIND AND
AFTERBEHIND
•USE OF
BEHIND is used when we need to
tell about the location.
Example:-
You meet me behind the
class.
My house is behind the river.
•USE OF AFTER
AFTER is used when we need to
tell about the time.
Example:-
84. use of “At” or “in”
•USE OF AT
AT is used for small locations
or particular point.
Example:-
I reside at Lawrence
Road in Amritsar.
let‟s meet up At indiA
gate.
•USE OF IN
In is used for bigger location
85. USE OF INSIDE AND
BESIDE
•INSIDE is used when the noun
is in the object.
John is hiding inside
the wardrobe.
Fruits are kept inside
the basket.
•BESIDE means along or
86. USEOF LIKE, AS AND THAN
•The word LIKE is used to tell the
similarity between the two things
or people.
Alice looks like his dad.
Allen smiles like his
mother.
My car is like your car.
•The word AS and THAN are used to
compare things.
Michael is as tall as his
father.
Susan is as pettier as the
87. POSITION OF VERB
The cat jumped on the
top of the car.
The boy is standing at
the front of the gate.
He is sitting in the
middle of the park.
•Some prepositions are also
used to indicate the
direction.
88. OTHER COMMONLY USED WORDS OR
PREPOSITIONS angry with you.
I was
I am pleased with your
work.
I am interested in your
work.
I am very good at drawing.
whAt‟s wrong with you.
I agree with your idea.
This book belongs to that
rack.
89. CONJUCTIONS
CONJUCTIONS are the words which
are used to link or connect words or
sentences. the words Are “ And”,
“but” And “or”.
•AND is used to link words that are
similar.
I bought fruits and vegetables
from the market.
I am going to buy books and
stationery.
90. •BUT is used to link words that are
different and normally do not
go together.
He is a gentleman but sometimes
very short tempered.
The room is very cool but
uncomfortable.
I am going to buy books and
stationery but not vegetables.
He works quickly but not
accurately.
91. CONSECUTIVE EXAMPLE OF AND, OR,
BUT
The room is cool and
comfortable.
The room is cool but not
comfortable.
Do you want room cool or
comfortable.
Conjunction of Time: - before, after,
since, until, when, while, as soon as
etc. ( Tells about the time)
Conjunction of Place: - where,
92. CONJUCTIONS are also used to
join two sentences. is working on
•Mom is cooking food. Dad
accounts.
Mom is cooking food and dad is
working on accounts.
•Sam is playing football. George is
also playing football.
Sam and George are playing
football.
•Sam called up George. George was
not at home.
Sam called up George but he was
93. USE OF EITHER AND
OR
They are used to give
choice between the two
items.
You can choose either pen
or pencil to write.
You can buy either
clothes or shoes.
94. USE OF NEITHER AND NOR
They are used to express
that none is to be used.
You can choose neither pen
nor pencil to write.
You can buy neither clothes
95. INTERJECTIONS
Interjection is the word that
express sudden, strong feeling
such as SURPRISE, PAIN and
PLEASURE..
An Exclamation sign (!) is used
with these words.
Example:-
HURRAY! WELLDONE!
96. SENTENCE
Sentence is a group of words that
express a complete thought or
meaning.
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
A sentence must have subject and
verb, but it may or may not have
object.
SUBJECT VERB
OBJECT
HE GOES
ALICE IS MAKING
97. Other Form
S V O
Other Usual Form
S A V A O
Adjective
Adverb
There are four types of sentences.
Declarative Sentence.
Interrogative
Sentence.
98. DECLARATIVE
SENTENCES.
Declarative Sentences are
used to make statement.
The children are
going to the school.
INTERROGATIVEwork
He does his
SENTENCES.
well.
Interrogativewent to
Alice Sentences are
libraryask questions.
used to to buy books.
Alice will come to
Are you going to
India next week.
school?
100. imperAtive sentences…
IMPERATIVE SENTENCE is used to give
order.
Standup everyone!
Ok, open the page 25 of your
booklet!
Sit down!
Imperative sentences are very direct
way of telling people to do
something. Use of DO or PLEASE before
an imperative is more polite.
Please, standup everyone.
101. Some sentences have two objects.
The direct object receives the
action and the indirect object
tells to whom or for whom the
action is done.
•Dad bought James a bike.
Dad bought a bike for James.
•The bank lends people money.
The bank lends money to people.
•Alice gave his dog a bone.
Alice gave a bone to his dog.
•Alice is showing us his stamp
102. negAtive sentences…
A Negative Sentence tells us that
something is not done. It contains a
word like NOT, NO, NO ONE, NOBODY,
NEVER,NONE or a negative verb like IS
NOT, DOES NOT, WAS/WERE NOT, CAN/MAY
NOT, WILL/SHALL NOT.
He never tells a lie.
I do not have a
required document.
103. questions…
There are two types of
questions.
•YES or NO Question.
•WH- Questions.
•YES or NO Questions
Can you swim?
Yes/ No
Are you Coming?
Yes/No
Is it dark there?
Yes/No
May I come in?
105. punctuAtion mArks…
PUNCTUATION MARKS are signs such
as FULL STOP, COMMAS and
QUESTIONS MARKS. These are used
to make meanings of the
full stop…
sentences clear.
At the end of one sentence,
full stop (.) is used.
I am going to beach.
I am feeling very
good.
106. commA…
•COMMA is used to give a pause in the
statement.
•They are used between nouns and
noun phrases in the list.
I brought three apples, two
oranges, five mangoes and a
dozen bananas from the market.
•Commas are used between adjectives
when you use several of them
to describe something.
She is tall, fair coloured and
beautiful girl.
107. EXCLAMATION MARK (!)
An Exclamation mark is often
used after a command , an
interjection or a word that
shows surprise or anger.
Please, sit down!
Hurray! We won the
match.
Keep quiet!
Quotation Mark: Use quotation
108. QUESTION MARK (?)
QUESTION MARK is used at the
end of the statement where
question is being asked.
How are you?
What is the time?
Do you want to go to
the party?
Are you coming
here?
109. Apostrophe („s)
Apostrophe („s) is used to show who
owns the thing.
the „s is used After singulAr noun or
names.
peter‟s Alice‟s mike‟s
this is peter‟s bike.
we like mom‟s cooking.
this is princess‟s bAll.
For the plural nouns that end with - s,
apostrophe is used after – s.
110. •For some plural nouns that do not end
with –s, apostrophe is
put As „s.
the men‟s chAnging room is
occupied.
the people‟s benefit lies with the
clearance of the constitutional
bill.
•we cAn Also use the person‟s office or
shop by using a possessive
form with an apostrophe.
the bAker‟s shop.
111. •We can make a possessive form of two
people joined by and, such as
Peter and John or Margaret and Susan
by putting „s only After the
second name.
peter And john‟s home Are very close
to the supermarket.
mArgAret And susAn‟s dress Are not
suitable for the wedding party.
• Apostrophe can also be used to showed
in words contractions.
• Some Contractions are :-
