The document provides information on using present simple and present continuous tenses in English. It discusses the basic forms of present simple verbs for subjects like "I", "you", plural nouns and singular nouns. It also covers spelling rules, negative forms, questions, and usage with time expressions, habits, facts and permanent states. Present continuous is described including its forms, negative forms and questions. The document also distinguishes between action and stative verbs and provides examples of adverbs of frequency used with these tenses.

4. Present simple is the base form of the verb when the subject is (I
– They – We – You – or any plural nouns):
 They eat their breakfast in the morning.
 We usually play football at the club.
 Students usually work very hard.
But be careful because we use the base form of the verb + s when
the subject is (He – She – It – or any singular nouns):
 He usually drinks milk.
 She sometimes runs in the morning.
 Sara often cooks dinner.

5. Add (es) to the verbs ending with (ch – sh – ss – o – x - s) as:
 Cross >>> Crosses Catch >>> Catches
 Pass >>> Passes Mix >>> Mixes
 Wish >>> Wishes
Cross (y) and add (ies) to the verbs ending in (y) after a consonant
as:
 Study >>> studies Try >>> Tries
Spelling Rules

6. Use (don’t + the base form of the verb) when the subject is (I –
We – You – They – or any plural nouns) as:
 I don’t usually swim in the sea.
 They don’t often play at school.
Use (doesn’t + the base form of the verb) when the subject is (He
– She – It – or any singular nouns) as:
 Ali doesn’t like apples.
 The cat doesn’t drink the milk.
To get the negative form in the present simple use:
Don’t
Doesn’t
+ the base form of the verb

7. We use present simple to talk about habits or routines as:
 My sister always plays handball at the weekend.
We use present simple to talk facts as:
 The earth orbits the sun.
We use present simple to talk about timetabled events in the
future as:
 The film starts at 8 o’clock in the evening.
We use present simple to talk about permanent states as:
 I work as a teacher.
 We live in Tanta.

8.  We usually play in the evening.
 He always studies hard.
 We listen to music at night.

9. To form a (yes or no) question start with:
Do + (they – we – you – I – plural noun) + the base form?
 Do we play football in the morning?
 Do the students correct their mistakes?
Does + (he – she – it – singular noun) + the base form?
 Does he finish the work?
 Does she eat the apple?

10. To form a (WH) question start with:
Question word + do + (they – we – you – I – plural noun) + the base form?
 What do you like to eat?
 When do films start?
Question word + does + (he – she – it – singular noun) + the base form?
 What does she like to drink?
 When does the plane arrive?

12. Present continuous is when we have:
I + am
He – She – It – singular noun + is + verb (ing)
They – We – You – plural noun + are
 I am cooking breakfast now.
 He is listening to music at the moment.
 Look! They are watching a film.

13. Verbs ending in (e); cross it and add (ing)
Write >>> Writing Dance >>> Dancing
Spelling Rules
Verbs ending in (ie); cross them and add Y + (ing)
Lie >>> lying Die >>> Dying
Verbs ending in consonant vowel consonant; double the last letter
Run >>> Running Swim >>> Swimming

14. To make a negative form use:
I + am not
He – She – It – singular noun + is not (isn’t) + verb (ing)
They – We – You – plural noun + are not (aren’t)
 I am not studying now.
 He isn’t sleeping at the moment.
 Look! They aren’t watching a film.

15.  We are swimming in the pool now.
 At the moment, I am doing my work.
 Listen! The baby is crying.

16. To form a (yes or no) question start with:
Am + I + verb (ing)?
Is + he – she – it – singular noun + verb (ing)?
Are + they – we – you – plural noun + verb (ing)?
 Am I playing now?
 Is she cooking at the moment?
 Are they still playing football?

17. To form a (WH) question start with:
Am + I + verb (ing)?
Question word + Is + he – she – it – singular noun + verb (ing)?
Are + they – we – you – plural noun + verb (ing)?
 What are you doing now?
 Where is he going?

19. He is running.

20. Stative verbs are not action verbs and we use
these verbs in the present simple tense:
Emotions Love – hate - like – need – prefer – want
Senses Feel – hear – see – smell – sound – taste
Possession Belong – have – own – possess
Mind Believe – doubt – forget – imagine – know –
remember – seem – suppose – think –
understand
Other Be – consist – contain – cost – include – mean

21. Some verbs can be both action and stative verbs
but with a difference in meaning:
Be He is honest. Usual behaviour
Ali is being angry because he missed
the record.
At the moment, not his
normal behaviour.
Expect I expect you enjoy your holiday. Think believe
I am expecting a letter from my
mother.
Wait for
Have Lucy has a car. Own
I am having dinner. Eating
The bears are having a great time. Experience
Look She looks like her father. Look like
Are you looking for the keys? Search

22. Taste The soup tastes delicious. Have a taste
Why are you tasting the sauce? Taste the flavour
Think I think you are mad. Have an opinion
He is thinking of going to Alex. Consider
See The problem was difficult but finally I
see.
Understand
I am seeing her tomorrow. Meet
Smell These flowers smell fine. Have a smell
Why are you smelling the milk? Action of smelling
Weigh The bag weighs 80 kilogram. Have a weight
I am weighing my suitcase to see how
heavy it is.
Measuring the weight

24. Adverbs of frequency are:
Always = 100% EX: He always visits his aunt.
Usually = 90% EX: They usually play football.
Often = 70% EX: She often studies at night.
Sometimes = 50% EX: I sometimes sleep early.
Rarely hardly seldom = 10%
EX: They hardly know the rules of the game.
Never = 0% EX: We never go to the zoo on.

25. We use adverbs of frequency with present simple and
they come before the main verb and after verb to be:
 She is often tired in the morning.
 Mum always makes our birthday cakes.

34. Choose the correct answers:
1. Look! she (draw – is drawing – draws – was drawing) a picture.
2. The sun (is giving – give – gives – was giving) us heat and light.
3. They (don’t – doesn’t – isn’t – aren’t) usually swim in the pool.
4. She (isn’t – doesn’t – aren’t – don’t) studying at the present.
5. Do they usually (watches – watch – watching – watched) TV at
night.
6. (Do – Does – Are – Is) she playing now?
7. They (are play – are still playing – are playing still – still play).
8. We are (cleaning – clean – cleans – cleaned) the room now.

35. Choose the correct answers:
1. She doesn’t like apples (They)
They don’t like apples.
2. At the moment, we are listening to music. (he)
At the moment, he is listening to music.
3. Metals expansion occur when heated. (expand)
Metals expand when heated.
4. His daily habit is to read newspaper. (He)
He always read newspaper.
5. She works as a teacher. (What)
What does she work?
6. They are reading a book about history. (What)
What are they reading?