PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZERS
INTRODUCTION
Phosphate SOLUBILIZERS are a group of beneficial micro-organisms capable of breaking down of organic and inorganic insoluble phosphorous compounds to soluble P form that can easily be assimilated by plants.
Phosphorous (P) is a major growth-limiting nutrient, Plants acquire phosphorus from soil solution as phosphate anion.
TYPES
MECHANISM
ISOLATION
INOCULANT PRODUCTION
INOCULANT APPLICATION
ROLE OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZERS
Introduction :
Mycorrhizae are mutualistic symbiotic associations formed between the roots of higher plants and fungi.
Fungal roots were discovered by the German botanist A B Frank in the last century (1855) in forest trees such as pine.
In nature approximately 90% of plants are infected with mycorrhizae. 83% Dicots,79% Monocots and 100% Gymnosperms.
Convert insoluble form of phosphorous in soil into soluble form.
biological nitrogen fixation, which is carried out by diazotrophs, has been dealt with in this slideshare. it involves the mechanism involved and various factors involved therein.
PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZERS
INTRODUCTION
Phosphate SOLUBILIZERS are a group of beneficial micro-organisms capable of breaking down of organic and inorganic insoluble phosphorous compounds to soluble P form that can easily be assimilated by plants.
Phosphorous (P) is a major growth-limiting nutrient, Plants acquire phosphorus from soil solution as phosphate anion.
TYPES
MECHANISM
ISOLATION
INOCULANT PRODUCTION
INOCULANT APPLICATION
ROLE OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZERS
Introduction :
Mycorrhizae are mutualistic symbiotic associations formed between the roots of higher plants and fungi.
Fungal roots were discovered by the German botanist A B Frank in the last century (1855) in forest trees such as pine.
In nature approximately 90% of plants are infected with mycorrhizae. 83% Dicots,79% Monocots and 100% Gymnosperms.
Convert insoluble form of phosphorous in soil into soluble form.
biological nitrogen fixation, which is carried out by diazotrophs, has been dealt with in this slideshare. it involves the mechanism involved and various factors involved therein.
he rhizosphere is the narrow region of soil or substrate that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms known as the root microbiome.
The phyllosphere is a term used in microbiology to refer to the total above-ground portions of plants as habitat for microorganisms.
It is a biofertilizer that contains symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria which is the most important nitrogen-fixing organism. These organisms have the ability to drive atmospheric Nitrogen and provide it to plants. It is recommended for crops such as Groundnut, Soybean, Red-gram, Green-gram, Black-gram, Lentil, Cowpea, Bengal-gram and Fodder legumes, etc.
Microbial interactions are ubiquitous, diverse, critically important in the function of any biological community.
The most common cooperative interactions seen in microbial systems are mutually beneficial. The interactions between the two populations are classified according to whether both populations and one of them benefit from the associations, or one or both populations are negatively affected.
Nitrogen is an essential element of many biomolecules, the most important being nucleic acids and amino acids. Although nitrogen is the most abundant gas (about 80%) in the atmosphere, neither animals nor plants can use this nitrogen to synthesize biological compounds. However, there are certain microorganisms on which the living plants (and animals) are dependent to bring nitrogen into their biological systems.The phenomenon of fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by microorganisms is known as diazotrophy and these organisms are collectively referred to as diazotrophs. Diazotrophs are biological nitrogen fixers, and are prokaryotic in nature.
he rhizosphere is the narrow region of soil or substrate that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms known as the root microbiome.
The phyllosphere is a term used in microbiology to refer to the total above-ground portions of plants as habitat for microorganisms.
It is a biofertilizer that contains symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria which is the most important nitrogen-fixing organism. These organisms have the ability to drive atmospheric Nitrogen and provide it to plants. It is recommended for crops such as Groundnut, Soybean, Red-gram, Green-gram, Black-gram, Lentil, Cowpea, Bengal-gram and Fodder legumes, etc.
Microbial interactions are ubiquitous, diverse, critically important in the function of any biological community.
The most common cooperative interactions seen in microbial systems are mutually beneficial. The interactions between the two populations are classified according to whether both populations and one of them benefit from the associations, or one or both populations are negatively affected.
Nitrogen is an essential element of many biomolecules, the most important being nucleic acids and amino acids. Although nitrogen is the most abundant gas (about 80%) in the atmosphere, neither animals nor plants can use this nitrogen to synthesize biological compounds. However, there are certain microorganisms on which the living plants (and animals) are dependent to bring nitrogen into their biological systems.The phenomenon of fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by microorganisms is known as diazotrophy and these organisms are collectively referred to as diazotrophs. Diazotrophs are biological nitrogen fixers, and are prokaryotic in nature.
Nitrogen is a universally occurring element in all the living beings.
Apart from water and mineral salts the next major substance in plant cell is protein (about 10-12% of the cell).
These proteins which are building blocks of the protoplasm are made up of nitrogenous substances called as the amino acids
Roles of microbes in nitrogen cycle aritriyaaritriyajana
There are many presentation on nitrogen cycle.but in my case i have to make a ppt on microbes role in nitrogen cycle.so i made it.and then upload it if anyone get help from it i will be pleased. Aritriya Jana(F.F.Sc)
This is a comprehensive account of the nitrogen cycle in terrestrial environments. The nitrogen cycle is responsible for the circulation of nitrogen between inorganic and organic components of the environment.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
3. WHY NITROGEN IS
NECESSARY FOR THE
PLANTS:
Major substance.
Building blocks.
Constituent element of the:
Chlorophyll.
Cytochromes.
Alkaloids.
Role in the metabolism,
reproduction, and the growth etc.
3
4. NITROGEN FIXATION:
The conversion of free nitrogen into the nitrogen salts
to make it available for the absorption of the plants.
The major conversion of N2 into ammonia, and then
into proteins, is achieved by microorganisms in the
process called nitrogen fixation.
4
5. Role of organisms in
nitrogen fixation:
Organisms have a central role in almost all
aspects of nitrogen:
Some bacteria can convert N2 into ammonia by
the process termed nitrogen fixation.
Other bacteria bring about transformations:
Ammonia to nitrate, and of nitrate to N2 or other
nitrogen gases.
Many bacteria and fungi degrade organic matter,
releasing fixed nitrogen for reuse by other
organisms.
5
7. BIOLOICAL FIXATION:
7
Fixation of the nitrogen into the nitrogen salts
with the help of the organisms.
TYPES OF THE BIOLOGICAL FIXATION:
Symbiotic fixation.
Non-symbiotic fixation.
8. NON-SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN
FIXATION:
Fixation carried by the free living
microorganism eg: aerobic, anaerobic and
blue green algae etc.
SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN
FIXATION:
Fixation of the free nitrogen in the soil by
microorganism eg: nodule formation.
8
9. BIOLOGICAL N2
FXATION:
9
The biological nitrogen fixation is carried out by:
some bacteria, cyanobacteria and symbiotic bacteria
Biological nitrogen fixation occurs in the presence of the
enzyme nitrogenase which is found inside the nitrogen fixing
prokaryote.
In addition to this enzyme, a source of reducing equivalents
(ferredoxin (Fd) or flavodoxin in vivo), ATP and protons are
required.
10. BIOLOGICAL N2
FXATION:
The process involves a number of complex
biochemical reactions:
N2 + 8H2+ 16ATP ------> 2 NH3 + 2H2+ 16ADP +
16 Pi
The equation above indicates that one molecule
of nitrogen gas (N2) combines with eight hydrogen
ions (also known as protons) (8H+).
Form two molecules of ammonia (2NH3) and two
molecules of hydrogen gas (2H2).
10
11. BIOLOGICAL N2
FXATION:
This reaction is conducted by an enzyme
known as nitrogenase.
The 16 molecules of ATP (ATP = Adenosine
Triphosphate, an energy storing compound)
represent the energy required for the BNF
reaction to take place.
11
12. BIOLOGICAL N2
FXATION:
In biochemical terms 16 ATP represents a
relatively large amount of plant energy.
Thus, the process of BNF is 'expensive' to
the plant in terms of energy usage.
As ammonia (NH3) is formed it is converted to
an amino acid such as glutamine. The
Nitrogen in amino acids can be used by the
plant to synthesize proteins for its growth and
development.
12
