Nodular pattern
•
11 likes•3,691 views
This document discusses nodular patterns seen on chest imaging. It defines nodular opacities as round opacities 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Nodular patterns can be described by size, distribution, and appearance. Distribution is classified as perilymphatic along lymphatic vessels and pleura, centrilobular around central lobular structures, or random. Differential diagnoses are suggested based on distribution and other characteristics. A reticulonodular pattern contains both reticular and nodular opacities and requires considering causes of both patterns.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
lung hrct patterns
The document discusses various patterns seen on HRCT scans of the lungs. It begins by describing the basic anatomical structure of the secondary pulmonary lobule. It then discusses numerous findings seen on HRCT scans including interlobular septal thickening, ground glass opacities, nodules, parenchymal opacification, low attenuation areas such as cysts and honeycombing. It also covers emphysema patterns, mosaic perfusion, bronchiectasis and other findings. The document provides details on the appearance and potential causes of each type of finding to aid in radiological interpretation.
Interstitial lung diseases- HRCT
This document provides a detailed summary of various patterns seen on HRCT scans of the lungs including reticular, nodular, ground glass, mosaic and honeycombing patterns. It describes the characteristic radiological features of different interstitial lung diseases such as UIP, NSIP, COP, RB-ILD, DIP, LIP, AIP and others. Key diagnostic criteria and differentiating features between these conditions are discussed. HRCT images demonstrating examples of the described patterns are also included.
Occupational lung diseases radiology
This document discusses occupational lung diseases including pneumoconiosis. It describes the classification of pneumoconiosis according to the ILO including types of opacities seen in conditions like silicosis and asbestosis. It then discusses specific lung diseases caused by occupational exposures like silicosis seen in miners, asbestosis seen in construction workers, and coal worker's pneumoconiosis. Radiologic findings and pathologies of these conditions are summarized along with similarities and differences between diseases like asbestosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Occupational lung cancers and mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure are also mentioned.
Diagnostic Imaging of Pulmonary infections
This document discusses various pulmonary infections including lobar pneumonia, round pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, atypical pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung abscess. It provides definitions, etiologies, clinical presentations, and radiographic features of each condition. For tuberculosis specifically, it describes features of primary tuberculosis, post-primary tuberculosis, and miliary tuberculosis. It also discusses complications of pneumonia and differential diagnoses for various pulmonary findings.
Differential diagnosis of cavitary lung lesions
For quick review for D/D of lung cavities you can go through it. always waiting for your suggestions so that i can improve it...
Diagnostic Imaging of Diffuse Lung Lesions
1. The document discusses various patterns of diffuse lung lesions seen on imaging, including reticular interstitial, ground glass, nodular, cystic, and mosaic patterns.
2. It focuses on the reticular interstitial pattern, describing it as linear shadows appearing as a mesh or net. Common causes include idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, interstitial fibrosis, pulmonary edema, and conditions causing lymphangitis or interstitial infiltration.
3. Specific idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are discussed in detail, with their characteristic CT imaging findings and distributions described. These include usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, respiratory
Pulmonary manifestations in immuno compromised host
This document summarizes pulmonary manifestations that are commonly seen in immuno compromised hosts. It discusses the increased risk of opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections in this population. A systematic approach is outlined including relevant history, examinations, investigations like sputum analysis and chest imaging. Specific CT findings are described for various infections like Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, mycobacterial infections, viral infections like CMV, and fungal infections. CD4 counts are correlated with infection risk. Imaging patterns for various infections, diseases and entities like Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoproliferative disorders are also summarized.
HRCT High attenuation pattern
This document discusses various high attenuation patterns seen on CT scans of the lungs including ground glass opacity, consolidation, and their causes. It provides details on specific signs such as the dark bronchus sign seen with ground glass opacity and complete obscuration of vessels seen with consolidation. Various disease processes that can cause these findings are listed such as infection, chronic interstitial lung disease, and lung cancer.
Recommended
lung hrct patterns
The document discusses various patterns seen on HRCT scans of the lungs. It begins by describing the basic anatomical structure of the secondary pulmonary lobule. It then discusses numerous findings seen on HRCT scans including interlobular septal thickening, ground glass opacities, nodules, parenchymal opacification, low attenuation areas such as cysts and honeycombing. It also covers emphysema patterns, mosaic perfusion, bronchiectasis and other findings. The document provides details on the appearance and potential causes of each type of finding to aid in radiological interpretation.
Interstitial lung diseases- HRCT
This document provides a detailed summary of various patterns seen on HRCT scans of the lungs including reticular, nodular, ground glass, mosaic and honeycombing patterns. It describes the characteristic radiological features of different interstitial lung diseases such as UIP, NSIP, COP, RB-ILD, DIP, LIP, AIP and others. Key diagnostic criteria and differentiating features between these conditions are discussed. HRCT images demonstrating examples of the described patterns are also included.
Occupational lung diseases radiology
This document discusses occupational lung diseases including pneumoconiosis. It describes the classification of pneumoconiosis according to the ILO including types of opacities seen in conditions like silicosis and asbestosis. It then discusses specific lung diseases caused by occupational exposures like silicosis seen in miners, asbestosis seen in construction workers, and coal worker's pneumoconiosis. Radiologic findings and pathologies of these conditions are summarized along with similarities and differences between diseases like asbestosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Occupational lung cancers and mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure are also mentioned.
Diagnostic Imaging of Pulmonary infections
This document discusses various pulmonary infections including lobar pneumonia, round pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, atypical pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung abscess. It provides definitions, etiologies, clinical presentations, and radiographic features of each condition. For tuberculosis specifically, it describes features of primary tuberculosis, post-primary tuberculosis, and miliary tuberculosis. It also discusses complications of pneumonia and differential diagnoses for various pulmonary findings.
Differential diagnosis of cavitary lung lesions
For quick review for D/D of lung cavities you can go through it. always waiting for your suggestions so that i can improve it...
Diagnostic Imaging of Diffuse Lung Lesions
1. The document discusses various patterns of diffuse lung lesions seen on imaging, including reticular interstitial, ground glass, nodular, cystic, and mosaic patterns.
2. It focuses on the reticular interstitial pattern, describing it as linear shadows appearing as a mesh or net. Common causes include idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, interstitial fibrosis, pulmonary edema, and conditions causing lymphangitis or interstitial infiltration.
3. Specific idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are discussed in detail, with their characteristic CT imaging findings and distributions described. These include usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, respiratory
Pulmonary manifestations in immuno compromised host
This document summarizes pulmonary manifestations that are commonly seen in immuno compromised hosts. It discusses the increased risk of opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections in this population. A systematic approach is outlined including relevant history, examinations, investigations like sputum analysis and chest imaging. Specific CT findings are described for various infections like Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, mycobacterial infections, viral infections like CMV, and fungal infections. CD4 counts are correlated with infection risk. Imaging patterns for various infections, diseases and entities like Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoproliferative disorders are also summarized.
HRCT High attenuation pattern
This document discusses various high attenuation patterns seen on CT scans of the lungs including ground glass opacity, consolidation, and their causes. It provides details on specific signs such as the dark bronchus sign seen with ground glass opacity and complete obscuration of vessels seen with consolidation. Various disease processes that can cause these findings are listed such as infection, chronic interstitial lung disease, and lung cancer.
Ct halo sign (part 1)
This document is a presentation on CT halo sign by Dr. Mazen Qusaibaty. It discusses what the CT halo sign refers to and provides examples of diseases that can present with the halo sign, including aspergillosis, eosinophilic pneumonia, bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, and others. Specific case examples are presented to illustrate the halo sign in diseases such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, Kaposi sarcoma, and eosinophilic pneumonia. The histological features underlying the halo sign are also described for different conditions.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological signs in thoracic radiology.
The document discusses various radiological signs seen in thoracic diseases. It describes signs such as the silhouette sign, air bronchogram sign, signet ring sign, popcorn calcification, tram-track sign, tree-in-bud sign, CT angiogram sign, finger-in-glove sign, halo sign, reverse halo sign, coin lesion, miliary shadowing, Monod's sign, fallen lung sign, bulging fissure sign, flat waist sign, Golden S sign, bat wing appearance, ground glass pattern, crazy paving sign, mosaic pattern, sandstorm appearance, and honeycomb lung. Each sign is accompanied by an illustration and description of associated diseases.
HRCT Nodular pattern
Describes the basic radiology of diffuse interstitial disease ,with differential diagnosis of nodular interstitial pattern and how to approach HRCT findings .
Interstitial lung diseases radiology
This document discusses several common interstitial lung diseases. It begins with an overview and then focuses on sarcoidosis, describing its typical radiological presentation including small nodules in a perilymphatic distribution and stages of disease. Other diseases discussed include silicosis, lymphangitic carcinomatosis, pulmonary edema, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tuberculosis, and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. For each disease, the document outlines key radiological findings on HRCT and chest x-ray and provides differential diagnoses.
Segmental anatomy of lungs , anatomy of mediastinum and secondary lobule
The document discusses the segmental anatomy of the lungs and secondary lobule. It notes that there are approximately 23 generations of dichotomous branching from the trachea to the alveolar sacs. The secondary lobule is described as the basic anatomic unit of pulmonary structure and function, measuring 1-2 cm and containing 5-15 pulmonary acini. It is supplied by a terminal bronchiole in the center and surrounded by connective tissue septa and two lymphatic systems. Diseases typically manifest in either the centrilobular or perilymphatic areas based on how they enter the lungs.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of pulmonary infection.
This document discusses various radiological imaging techniques for evaluating pulmonary infections such as pneumonia. It provides details on what chest x-rays, CT scans, ultrasounds, and MRI scans of the lungs can reveal. Chest x-rays can detect infiltrates indicating infection and complications like abscesses or pleural effusions. CT scans provide finer detail of the lungs, airways, and can detect complications. Ultrasounds are used to evaluate pleural effusions. MRI is not generally used but can provide information on the heart, chest vessels or chest wall structures if lungs are abnormal due to fluid, infection or tumor. The document also discusses various types of pneumonia seen on imaging such as bronchopneumonia, atypical pneumonia, and
CTD ILDs.
This document discusses interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). It begins by providing background on ILD and defining common presentations. It then discusses the classification of ILD and patterns associated with different CTDs. Common CTDs that can cause ILD are described such as systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Risk factors, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, investigations including radiography and antibodies, and biomarkers for ILD associated with CTDs are summarized. Specific CT features that can help differentiate CTD-ILD from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are also outlined.
Radiological signs of chest diseases
This document discusses various radiological signs seen on chest imaging. It describes signs such as the "S curve of golden" seen with masses adjacent to fissures, the "pulmonary artery overlay sign" seen when the interlobar pulmonary artery is visible behind or in front of a mass. Other signs discussed include those seen with conditions such as achalasia of the esophagus, pneumomediastinum, and extrapulmonary masses. The document also summarizes CT findings associated with various pulmonary diseases and abnormalities.
Pneumomediastinum
This document discusses radiology signs of pneumomediastinum. It begins by defining pneumomediastinum and listing potential sources where air can originate from, both intrathoracic and extrathoracic. It then describes several common radiographic signs seen with pneumomediastinum, including the thymic sail sign, ring around the artery sign, and ginkgo leaf sign. Examples of each sign are shown through radiograph and CT images. Other signs like the continuous diaphragm sign, tubular artery sign, and Naclerio's V sign are also defined. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing these signs on imaging for diagnosing pneumomediastinum.
Interstitial lung disease Radiology
This document summarizes various patterns seen on imaging in interstitial lung diseases. It describes the reticulated, ground glass, nodular, cystic and mosaic patterns. For each pattern it provides examples of diseases that may cause it and key radiographic features. It also discusses specific interstitial lung diseases like UIP, NSIP, COP, RB-ILD and DIP that demonstrate characteristic patterns on imaging. The cystic diseases LAM and LCH are outlined. The document serves as a guide to interpreting interstitial lung disease imaging findings.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin characterized by non-caseating granulomas that commonly affect the lungs. Pulmonary manifestations are present in 90% of patients and include bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and pulmonary infiltrates. While two thirds of patients experience remission within ten years, one third have progressive disease that can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and, in rare cases, death. Computed tomography is more sensitive than chest x-rays in detecting lymph node enlargement and lung abnormalities associated with sarcoidosis.
The basic interpretation of hrct
The document discusses the basic interpretation of HRCT scans of the lungs. It describes the anatomy of the secondary lobule and how diseases can affect the centrilobular or perilymphatic areas. Common patterns seen on HRCT like reticular, nodular, ground glass and consolidations are explained. The distribution of abnormalities within the lungs and specific signs like tree-in-bud are also covered.
7 diffuse lung disease
This document contains descriptions and images of various diffuse lung diseases. There are over 50 images showing radiographic and CT scan findings of conditions such as sarcoidosis, silicosis, asbestosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and others. The images demonstrate patterns of hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary nodules, interstitial lung disease, cysts and honeycombing associated with these diffuse lung conditions.
Imaging in solitary pulmonary nodule ppt
A solitary pulmonary nodule is a rounded opacity less than 3 cm in diameter surrounded by lung parenchyma. Differentiating between benign and malignant nodules is important for prognosis and treatment. CT is the preferred imaging method and can evaluate nodule characteristics like size, shape, margin, attenuation and the presence of calcification which provide clues to benign or malignant etiology. Benign nodules often demonstrate smooth margins and characteristic calcification patterns while malignant nodules tend to have spiculated margins, irregular shapes and other concerning imaging features requiring biopsy for diagnosis.
HRCT Chest
This document provides information about interpreting HRCT scans of the chest. It describes bronchial and lobar anatomy, Hounsfield units, and patterns seen on HRCT such as ground glass opacity, consolidation, reticulation, nodules, honeycombing, and vascular anatomy. Common diseases that can cause each pattern are listed, such as sarcoidosis presenting with perilymphatic nodules or pulmonary edema seen as smooth septal thickening. The document emphasizes using patterns and distributions to narrow the differential diagnosis on HRCT scans.
approach to interstitial lung disease
This document discusses the approach to interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD). It begins by reviewing the spectrum of ILD and DPLD, identifying clues from clinical presentation to make a diagnosis, and reviewing common radiographic findings. Key points include that ILD involves the pulmonary interstitium located between the epithelial and endothelial basement membranes. Clinical presentation of DPLD/ILD often involves dyspnea, cough, and abnormal chest imaging. Diagnosis involves considering history, physical exam, pulmonary function tests, imaging like chest radiographs and CT, and tissue sampling. Management depends on the specific diagnosis but may include treatments like corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, anti
Solitary pulmonary nodule
This document discusses the imaging and characterization of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). It defines an SPN and lists potential benign and malignant causes. Key imaging features that can help differentiate benign from malignant SPNs are described, including size, shape, edge characteristics, internal textures like calcification, fat and cavitation. The roles of CT, MRI, PET and other modalities are outlined. Determining the growth rate over time and performing biopsies are important for indeterminate nodules. Common benign entities like granulomas, hamartomas and infarcts are shown as examples.
HRCT chest Ground glass opacities
This document discusses ground-glass opacities seen on CT scans. It defines ground-glass opacities as a hazy increase in lung opacity while preserving bronchial and vascular markings. Various pathologies can cause ground-glass opacities by partially filling the airspaces. The document then describes different patterns of ground-glass opacities including diffuse, patchy, focal, halo, and peripheral distributions. For each pattern, common diseases that may present with that appearance are listed and briefly characterized.
Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)
[1] A 52-year-old woman underwent a health check-up and a CT scan found a 2.2 cm nodule in her right lung. [2] To determine if the nodule is benign or malignant, Dr. Jankharia examines factors like calcification, growth over time, and enhancement on contrast scans. [3] Since this nodule showed growth and enhancement, a CT-
IMAGING IN ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS
ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS : ETIOLOGY, SPREAD AND IMAGING FEATURES....ON CONVENTIONAL AND CROSS SECTIONAL IMAGING
Hrct
An approach to HRCT assesment and diffrential diagnosis of multiple nodular opacities is based on the consideration of their size, appearance, attenuation and distribution.
A consideration of nodule size can be important in differential diagnosis, although it is not always of value. For example, the nodules seen in patients with miliary tuberculosis are usually quite small, and uncommonly exceed 5 mm. On the other hand, nodules in patients with hematogenous metastases are often larger than this.
HRCT evaluation of nodular lung diseases and CT guided biopsy of nodular lung...
HRCT evaluation of nodular lung diseases and CT guided biopsy of nodular lung...Chetan Ganteppanavar
HRCT is useful for evaluating nodular lung diseases and guiding biopsy of lung nodules. It uses thin slice images to detect and characterize pulmonary abnormalities. Solitary pulmonary nodules are evaluated based on size, appearance, location and other features. Small, well-defined nodules with benign patterns like calcification are likely to be benign, while large, irregular nodules with spiculation have a higher chance of being malignant. HRCT helps determine if biopsy is needed and guides the biopsy procedure.More Related Content
What's hot
Ct halo sign (part 1)
This document is a presentation on CT halo sign by Dr. Mazen Qusaibaty. It discusses what the CT halo sign refers to and provides examples of diseases that can present with the halo sign, including aspergillosis, eosinophilic pneumonia, bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, and others. Specific case examples are presented to illustrate the halo sign in diseases such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, Kaposi sarcoma, and eosinophilic pneumonia. The histological features underlying the halo sign are also described for different conditions.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological signs in thoracic radiology.
The document discusses various radiological signs seen in thoracic diseases. It describes signs such as the silhouette sign, air bronchogram sign, signet ring sign, popcorn calcification, tram-track sign, tree-in-bud sign, CT angiogram sign, finger-in-glove sign, halo sign, reverse halo sign, coin lesion, miliary shadowing, Monod's sign, fallen lung sign, bulging fissure sign, flat waist sign, Golden S sign, bat wing appearance, ground glass pattern, crazy paving sign, mosaic pattern, sandstorm appearance, and honeycomb lung. Each sign is accompanied by an illustration and description of associated diseases.
HRCT Nodular pattern
Describes the basic radiology of diffuse interstitial disease ,with differential diagnosis of nodular interstitial pattern and how to approach HRCT findings .
Interstitial lung diseases radiology
This document discusses several common interstitial lung diseases. It begins with an overview and then focuses on sarcoidosis, describing its typical radiological presentation including small nodules in a perilymphatic distribution and stages of disease. Other diseases discussed include silicosis, lymphangitic carcinomatosis, pulmonary edema, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tuberculosis, and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. For each disease, the document outlines key radiological findings on HRCT and chest x-ray and provides differential diagnoses.
Segmental anatomy of lungs , anatomy of mediastinum and secondary lobule
The document discusses the segmental anatomy of the lungs and secondary lobule. It notes that there are approximately 23 generations of dichotomous branching from the trachea to the alveolar sacs. The secondary lobule is described as the basic anatomic unit of pulmonary structure and function, measuring 1-2 cm and containing 5-15 pulmonary acini. It is supplied by a terminal bronchiole in the center and surrounded by connective tissue septa and two lymphatic systems. Diseases typically manifest in either the centrilobular or perilymphatic areas based on how they enter the lungs.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of pulmonary infection.
This document discusses various radiological imaging techniques for evaluating pulmonary infections such as pneumonia. It provides details on what chest x-rays, CT scans, ultrasounds, and MRI scans of the lungs can reveal. Chest x-rays can detect infiltrates indicating infection and complications like abscesses or pleural effusions. CT scans provide finer detail of the lungs, airways, and can detect complications. Ultrasounds are used to evaluate pleural effusions. MRI is not generally used but can provide information on the heart, chest vessels or chest wall structures if lungs are abnormal due to fluid, infection or tumor. The document also discusses various types of pneumonia seen on imaging such as bronchopneumonia, atypical pneumonia, and
CTD ILDs.
This document discusses interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). It begins by providing background on ILD and defining common presentations. It then discusses the classification of ILD and patterns associated with different CTDs. Common CTDs that can cause ILD are described such as systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Risk factors, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, investigations including radiography and antibodies, and biomarkers for ILD associated with CTDs are summarized. Specific CT features that can help differentiate CTD-ILD from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are also outlined.
Radiological signs of chest diseases
This document discusses various radiological signs seen on chest imaging. It describes signs such as the "S curve of golden" seen with masses adjacent to fissures, the "pulmonary artery overlay sign" seen when the interlobar pulmonary artery is visible behind or in front of a mass. Other signs discussed include those seen with conditions such as achalasia of the esophagus, pneumomediastinum, and extrapulmonary masses. The document also summarizes CT findings associated with various pulmonary diseases and abnormalities.
Pneumomediastinum
This document discusses radiology signs of pneumomediastinum. It begins by defining pneumomediastinum and listing potential sources where air can originate from, both intrathoracic and extrathoracic. It then describes several common radiographic signs seen with pneumomediastinum, including the thymic sail sign, ring around the artery sign, and ginkgo leaf sign. Examples of each sign are shown through radiograph and CT images. Other signs like the continuous diaphragm sign, tubular artery sign, and Naclerio's V sign are also defined. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing these signs on imaging for diagnosing pneumomediastinum.
Interstitial lung disease Radiology
This document summarizes various patterns seen on imaging in interstitial lung diseases. It describes the reticulated, ground glass, nodular, cystic and mosaic patterns. For each pattern it provides examples of diseases that may cause it and key radiographic features. It also discusses specific interstitial lung diseases like UIP, NSIP, COP, RB-ILD and DIP that demonstrate characteristic patterns on imaging. The cystic diseases LAM and LCH are outlined. The document serves as a guide to interpreting interstitial lung disease imaging findings.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin characterized by non-caseating granulomas that commonly affect the lungs. Pulmonary manifestations are present in 90% of patients and include bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and pulmonary infiltrates. While two thirds of patients experience remission within ten years, one third have progressive disease that can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and, in rare cases, death. Computed tomography is more sensitive than chest x-rays in detecting lymph node enlargement and lung abnormalities associated with sarcoidosis.
The basic interpretation of hrct
The document discusses the basic interpretation of HRCT scans of the lungs. It describes the anatomy of the secondary lobule and how diseases can affect the centrilobular or perilymphatic areas. Common patterns seen on HRCT like reticular, nodular, ground glass and consolidations are explained. The distribution of abnormalities within the lungs and specific signs like tree-in-bud are also covered.
7 diffuse lung disease
This document contains descriptions and images of various diffuse lung diseases. There are over 50 images showing radiographic and CT scan findings of conditions such as sarcoidosis, silicosis, asbestosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and others. The images demonstrate patterns of hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary nodules, interstitial lung disease, cysts and honeycombing associated with these diffuse lung conditions.
Imaging in solitary pulmonary nodule ppt
A solitary pulmonary nodule is a rounded opacity less than 3 cm in diameter surrounded by lung parenchyma. Differentiating between benign and malignant nodules is important for prognosis and treatment. CT is the preferred imaging method and can evaluate nodule characteristics like size, shape, margin, attenuation and the presence of calcification which provide clues to benign or malignant etiology. Benign nodules often demonstrate smooth margins and characteristic calcification patterns while malignant nodules tend to have spiculated margins, irregular shapes and other concerning imaging features requiring biopsy for diagnosis.
HRCT Chest
This document provides information about interpreting HRCT scans of the chest. It describes bronchial and lobar anatomy, Hounsfield units, and patterns seen on HRCT such as ground glass opacity, consolidation, reticulation, nodules, honeycombing, and vascular anatomy. Common diseases that can cause each pattern are listed, such as sarcoidosis presenting with perilymphatic nodules or pulmonary edema seen as smooth septal thickening. The document emphasizes using patterns and distributions to narrow the differential diagnosis on HRCT scans.
approach to interstitial lung disease
This document discusses the approach to interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD). It begins by reviewing the spectrum of ILD and DPLD, identifying clues from clinical presentation to make a diagnosis, and reviewing common radiographic findings. Key points include that ILD involves the pulmonary interstitium located between the epithelial and endothelial basement membranes. Clinical presentation of DPLD/ILD often involves dyspnea, cough, and abnormal chest imaging. Diagnosis involves considering history, physical exam, pulmonary function tests, imaging like chest radiographs and CT, and tissue sampling. Management depends on the specific diagnosis but may include treatments like corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, anti
Solitary pulmonary nodule
This document discusses the imaging and characterization of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). It defines an SPN and lists potential benign and malignant causes. Key imaging features that can help differentiate benign from malignant SPNs are described, including size, shape, edge characteristics, internal textures like calcification, fat and cavitation. The roles of CT, MRI, PET and other modalities are outlined. Determining the growth rate over time and performing biopsies are important for indeterminate nodules. Common benign entities like granulomas, hamartomas and infarcts are shown as examples.
HRCT chest Ground glass opacities
This document discusses ground-glass opacities seen on CT scans. It defines ground-glass opacities as a hazy increase in lung opacity while preserving bronchial and vascular markings. Various pathologies can cause ground-glass opacities by partially filling the airspaces. The document then describes different patterns of ground-glass opacities including diffuse, patchy, focal, halo, and peripheral distributions. For each pattern, common diseases that may present with that appearance are listed and briefly characterized.
Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)
[1] A 52-year-old woman underwent a health check-up and a CT scan found a 2.2 cm nodule in her right lung. [2] To determine if the nodule is benign or malignant, Dr. Jankharia examines factors like calcification, growth over time, and enhancement on contrast scans. [3] Since this nodule showed growth and enhancement, a CT-
IMAGING IN ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS
ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS : ETIOLOGY, SPREAD AND IMAGING FEATURES....ON CONVENTIONAL AND CROSS SECTIONAL IMAGING
What's hot (20)
Presentation1.pptx, radiological signs in thoracic radiology.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological signs in thoracic radiology.
Segmental anatomy of lungs , anatomy of mediastinum and secondary lobule
Segmental anatomy of lungs , anatomy of mediastinum and secondary lobule
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of pulmonary infection.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of pulmonary infection.
Similar to Nodular pattern
Hrct
An approach to HRCT assesment and diffrential diagnosis of multiple nodular opacities is based on the consideration of their size, appearance, attenuation and distribution.
A consideration of nodule size can be important in differential diagnosis, although it is not always of value. For example, the nodules seen in patients with miliary tuberculosis are usually quite small, and uncommonly exceed 5 mm. On the other hand, nodules in patients with hematogenous metastases are often larger than this.
HRCT evaluation of nodular lung diseases and CT guided biopsy of nodular lung...
HRCT evaluation of nodular lung diseases and CT guided biopsy of nodular lung...Chetan Ganteppanavar
HRCT is useful for evaluating nodular lung diseases and guiding biopsy of lung nodules. It uses thin slice images to detect and characterize pulmonary abnormalities. Solitary pulmonary nodules are evaluated based on size, appearance, location and other features. Small, well-defined nodules with benign patterns like calcification are likely to be benign, while large, irregular nodules with spiculation have a higher chance of being malignant. HRCT helps determine if biopsy is needed and guides the biopsy procedure.Cystic lung disease
This document provides an overview of pulmonary cysts and how to differentiate them from other air-filled lung lesions using computed tomography (CT) imaging. It outlines an algorithmic approach involving 5 steps to identify cystic lung diseases based on CT findings. True cysts are defined as round parenchymal spaces surrounded by a thin wall. Other mimics like cavities and emphysema are also described. Cystic lung diseases can present as solitary cysts, subpleural cysts, or multiple intraparenchymal cysts, with or without associated nodules or ground glass opacities. Major cystic lung diseases and their characteristic CT and pathological features are reviewed. Additional testing beyond CT may be needed to
Patterns in HRCT chest
1) HRCT shows reticular pattern involving subpleural areas of the superior segment of lower lobes with some interlobular septal thickening, suggestive of usual interstitial pneumonia.
2) There is also a reticular pattern with tractional bronchiectasis and subpleural sparing with surrounding areas of fibrosis, consistent with fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.
3) Small multifocal areas show the "atoll sign" with central ground glass opacity and thick-walled cysts, seen in conditions like bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, especially in an immune compromised patient.
Sarcoidosis imaging
This document discusses the clinical presentation and manifestations of sarcoidosis. It notes that sarcoidosis is characterized by non-caseating granulomas that can affect multiple organs, most commonly the lungs. It describes the typical involvement of the lungs, eyes, skin, joints, liver and lymph nodes. Musculoskeletal involvement and arthritis are also common. Radiographic findings include hilar lymphadenopathy and small nodules in a perilymphatic distribution. Fibrosis can develop in advanced disease. Differential diagnoses include other granulomatous diseases like tuberculosis.
SPL.pptx
This document provides information on evaluating solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). It defines SPNs and lists possible malignant and benign causes. Characteristics examined to determine if a SPN is malignant or benign include size, shape, location, edge, calcification patterns, presence of fat or cavitation, pseudocavitation, satellite nodules, feeding vessels, and contrast enhancement level. Irregular shapes, spiculated or lobulated edges, and dystrophic calcification suggest malignancy, while round shapes, smooth edges, and popcorn or dense central calcification suggest benign lesions.
DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES.pptx
This document discusses interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), which are a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by diffuse infiltrates on imaging, distortion of gas exchange units histologically, and restrictive lung physiology. While the term "interstitial" implies involvement only between basement membranes, ILDs frequently involve other lung structures as well. Common ILDs discussed include sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis (silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis), and asbestosis. Key radiographic and CT findings of each are presented to help differentiate them based on patterns of nodularity, fibrosis, and lymphadenopathy. Complications and similarities to other diseases are also noted.
Role of hrct in interstitial lung diseases pk upload
Role of hrct in interstitial lung diseases pk , This is best powerpoint slides presentation including Latest American thoracic society and fleishners society guidelines . this includes radiographic images a well HRCT chest findings of various ILD. This will help alot for md pg radiology resident and radiologist. Thanks
hrct.pptx high resolution ct patterns
HRCT is useful for evaluating lung patterns. The secondary lobule is the basic anatomic unit seen on HRCT. Common patterns include linear and reticular opacities such as septal thickening, nodular opacities which can have different distributions, increased lung opacity appearing as ground glass or consolidation, and decreased lung opacity such as emphysema. Identifying the pattern, distribution and other associated findings helps to differentially diagnose common lung diseases.
Approach to cystic lung disease on hrct
This document provides an overview of cystic lung diseases as seen on HRCT imaging. It begins by defining lung cysts and cavities, noting that cysts typically have walls less than 3mm and cavities have walls over 4mm. Primary diseases that can cause diffuse cysts include Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Scattered cysts may be seen in hypersensitivity pneumonitis and desquamative interstitial pneumonia. Isolated cysts have been reported in rare conditions like Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Specific imaging features of diseases like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphangio
Typical and Atypical Presentations of Sarcoidosis
This document discusses typical and atypical presentations of sarcoidosis based on imaging findings. It describes common patterns of lymphadenopathy and parenchymal manifestations seen on chest imaging for sarcoidosis such as hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Typical parenchymal findings include micronodules with a perilymphatic distribution and fibrotic changes. Atypical findings include solitary or conglomerate pulmonary masses, airspace consolidation, and unilateral lymphadenopathy. The document provides detailed descriptions of various radiological signs and patterns seen in sarcoidosis to aid in diagnosis.
Hrct
HRCT is used to detect small lung abnormalities not seen on regular CT. It is indicated for diffuse lung disease with normal or equivocal chest x-rays. HRCT allows visualization of lung anatomy down to the secondary pulmonary lobule. Patterns seen on HRCT include reticular opacities from septal thickening or honeycombing, nodular opacities, ground glass opacity, consolidation, and low attenuation areas like emphysema. Specific findings provide clues to diagnoses like lymphangitic carcinomatosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. IV contrast is not needed for lung parenchyma evaluation on HRCT.
HRCT chest in Diffuse lung disease by Dr. Subash Pathak
This document discusses the analysis of HRCT scans in diffuse lung diseases. It begins by describing the anatomy of the secondary pulmonary lobule and the distribution patterns seen in different lung diseases. Centrilobular, lymphatic, and random distributions are described. Common diseases are then discussed in more detail, including their typical imaging findings and distributions. These include sarcoidosis, pulmonary edema, lymphangitic spread of tumors, and various interstitial lung diseases. The role of HRCT in evaluating features like ground glass opacities, nodules, septal thickening, and honeycombing is emphasized to differentiate between conditions and guide diagnosis.
Interstitial lung disease and Occupational lung disease HRCT
HRCT findings in Diffuse lung disease, HRCT findings in Occupational lung disease, HRCT in Environmental lung disease.
HRCT Chest Anatomy
X-Ray: Miliary Tuberculosis
The document discusses the imaging findings of miliary tuberculosis. Miliary tuberculosis typically appears as discrete, spherical nodules 1-2mm in diameter, distributed bilaterally and evenly throughout the lungs in a millet seed pattern. The nodules are well-circumscribed, homogeneous with no or rare calcifications. Radiological signs may not appear for several weeks. Differential diagnoses include other infectious diseases like histoplasmosis as well as metastatic lung cancers and sarcoidosis. HRCT imaging is more sensitive than plain radiography for detecting miliary tuberculosis.
HRCT Reticular pattern
Describes the basic radiology of diffuse interstitial disease ,with differential diagnosis of reticular interstitial pattern and how to approach HRCT findings .
Cystic lung disease
This document discusses lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare lung disease that primarily affects women. LAM is characterized by the growth of abnormal smooth muscle cells in the lungs that lead to the formation of lung cysts. On CT imaging, LAM appears as multiple thin-walled cysts distributed throughout the lungs. While biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis, the characteristic CT appearance of numerous cysts can establish the diagnosis in many cases. No cure exists, but treatment with sirolimus has shown promise in slowing disease progression by inhibiting the mTOR pathway driving cyst formation.
Radiological Presentation of Pulmonary Pathology
This document discusses various radiographic signs seen on chest x-rays and CT scans related to different types of lung collapse and cystic lung lesions. It describes signs such as the flat waist sign seen in left lower lobe collapse, the juxtaphrenic peak sign seen in upper lobe collapse, and the fallen lung sign seen with bronchial fractures. It also discusses cystic lung patterns seen in conditions like lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. Different characteristics of cysts such as their size, distribution and appearance on imaging are described for these various conditions.
ild2-160503173013.pdf
This document discusses diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs), also called interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). It classifies DPLDs into four main groups and describes some of the most common diseases within each group, including their symptoms, radiologic appearances, and differential diagnoses. Major diseases discussed include sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pneumoconiosis like silicosis, and interstitial lung diseases associated with connective tissue diseases. HRCT is highlighted as a sensitive tool for detecting and characterizing different interstitial lung disease patterns.
Interstial lung diseases
The document discusses several diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs), including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pneumoconiosis, and interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue diseases. DPLDs are classified into groups based on known or unknown causes and clinicopathologic features. High-resolution CT findings are described for several conditions, along with differential diagnoses. Common manifestations across connective tissue diseases include interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis.
Similar to Nodular pattern (20)
HRCT evaluation of nodular lung diseases and CT guided biopsy of nodular lung...
HRCT evaluation of nodular lung diseases and CT guided biopsy of nodular lung...
Role of hrct in interstitial lung diseases pk upload
Role of hrct in interstitial lung diseases pk upload
HRCT chest in Diffuse lung disease by Dr. Subash Pathak
HRCT chest in Diffuse lung disease by Dr. Subash Pathak
Interstitial lung disease and Occupational lung disease HRCT
Interstitial lung disease and Occupational lung disease HRCT
More from Gamal Agmy
Snap Shots in ILDs.ppt
- The document discusses various patterns seen on HRCT scans of interstitial lung diseases including nodular, reticulation, cystic and tree-in-bud patterns.
- It describes the significance of different patterns and features such as distribution of nodules, characteristics of interlobular septal thickening, honeycombing and intralobular interstitial thickening.
- Differential diagnoses are discussed for each pattern to determine likely disease processes such as pulmonary fibrosis, infections, lymphangitic spread of cancer or sarcoidosis.
Antibiotic Strategy in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (part 1)
This document summarizes guidelines for empiric antibiotic treatment of lower respiratory tract infections such as community-acquired pneumonia. It recommends using a clinical prediction rule like the Pneumonia Severity Index in addition to clinical judgment to determine whether patients should be treated as outpatients or inpatients. For outpatient treatment of CAP, it recommends amoxicillin, doxycycline, or macrolides depending on patient risk factors and local resistance patterns. For inpatient treatment of non-severe CAP without risk of MRSA or Pseudomonas, it recommends beta-lactam plus macrolide or fluoroquinolone monotherapy. It does not recommend routinely adding anaerobic coverage or extended-spectrum antibiotics without
Antibiotic Strategy in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (part 2)
This document provides guidelines for evaluating and treating patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) based on the latest evidence and expert consensus. It discusses recommendations for using clinical scoring systems to decide whether to initiate antibiotics, recommendations for empiric and pathogen-directed antibiotic therapy, evaluating treatment failure, the role of inhaled antibiotics, duration of treatment, and other important management considerations. The overall aim is to guide clinicians in providing appropriate antibiotic treatment while minimizing unnecessary use of antibiotics.
Radiological Presentation of COVID 19
This document provides an overview of the radiological presentation of COVID-19 based on CT scans and chest x-rays. It finds that ground glass opacities are the most common CT finding and often appear bilaterally in the lower lobes in a peripheral or subpleural distribution. Later stages may also show consolidation, septal thickening, and traction bronchiectasis. Chest x-rays are less sensitive than CT early on but can still detect signs of disease progression like bilateral opacities and consolidation. Pediatric cases tend to be milder with fewer abnormal CT findings. The document outlines typical features, frequencies of signs, and comparisons between adult and pediatric presentations.
COVID 19
This document provides information on COVID-19. It describes COVID-19 as an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The first cases were seen in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Most people experience mild to moderate symptoms, but older people and those with pre-existing medical conditions are more likely to develop serious illness. Diagnosis is made through PCR testing of respiratory samples. Common CT findings include ground glass opacities and consolidation.
Antibiotic Strategy in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
This document discusses antibiotic strategy in lower respiratory tract infections. It covers mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs, appropriate antibiotic selection and dosing considerations including tissue versus blood concentrations and drug mechanisms of action. It also discusses community acquired pneumonia guidelines for outpatient versus inpatient treatment including durations. Exacerbations of COPD and ventilator associated pneumonia are also summarized.
Imaging of Pulmonary Vascular Lesions ``
This document contains a series of questions and answers about the management of pulmonary embolism from Gamal Agmy, a professor of chest diseases. It discusses issues such as when to use thrombolysis for intermediate risk PE, the risks of thrombolysis for patients with recent surgery or stroke, and alternatives to thrombolysis if it is deemed too unsafe. It also addresses questions about managing PE in pregnant patients, PE with right atrial thrombus, and the appropriate use of IVC filters.
Management Dilemmas in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
The document discusses 14 clinical dilemmas in the management of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) that were identified by physicians with interests in PE. For each dilemma, the current evidence and guidelines are reviewed and a practical approach is suggested. Some examples of the dilemmas addressed include differentiating between acute and chronic PE, determining which intermediate-risk PE patients should receive thrombolysis, and managing pregnant patients with significant PE.
Imaging of Mediastinum
This document discusses the CT anatomy and imaging of the mediastinum. It outlines 6 objectives, including describing the CT anatomy of the mediastinum, pneumomediastinum, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, radiological description of mediastinal compartments, differential diagnosis of mediastinal disease, and interventional supply. It then provides detailed descriptions and images of the different mediastinal compartments and lymph node stations.
Imaging of pulmonary vascular lesions
The document discusses pulmonary embolism (PE) and its diagnosis using lung ultrasound (LUS). It provides details on the diagnostic criteria for PE using LUS, including findings of typical lung lesions that indicate confirmed or probable PE. It also summarizes the sensitivity and specificity reported in studies on using LUS to diagnose PE. The document further discusses non-thrombotic causes of pulmonary embolism and the ultrasound appearance of various lung pathologies.
Transthoacic Sonography
This document provides an overview of transthoracic sonography and its applications in evaluating the lungs and chest. It includes descriptions of normal lung anatomy as seen on ultrasound and discusses various pathologies such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, COPD and lung cancer. Imaging techniques like assessing lung sliding and the presence of comet tail artifacts are described for evaluating diseases like pneumonia. Other applications covered include using ultrasound to identify pleural effusions, pneumothorax, chest wall abnormalities and for guiding procedures. In summary, the document outlines the role of ultrasound in evaluating pulmonary and chest wall diseases and conditions.
:Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation :Recent Updates
This document summarizes recent updates on weaning from mechanical ventilation. It discusses that 75% of mechanically ventilated patients can be easily weaned, while 10-15% require a weaning protocol over 24-72 hours and 5-10% require gradual weaning over a longer period. Readiness criteria for weaning include improved respiratory status, absence of organ failure, adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Spontaneous breathing trials are used to assess readiness for weaning and extubation. Noninvasive ventilation can help prevent extubation failure, especially in patients with COPD. Diaphragm ultrasound may help predict weaning outcome, with a diaphragm thickness change over 40% associated with successful weaning.
Oxygen Therapy is not Beneficial in COPD Patients with Moderate Hypoxaemia
A Randomized Trial of Long-Term Oxygen for COPD with Moderate Desaturation
The Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial Research Group*
N Engl J Med. 2016 October 27; 375(17): 1617–1627
Using Imaging as a Biomarker for Asthma
1. Several imaging modalities can provide detailed assessment of lung structure and function in asthmatic patients, including CT, MRI, PET, OCT, and EBUS.
2. Measurements from CT such as airway wall thickness, air trapping, and ventilation defects have been shown to correlate with disease severity and control.
3. Imaging measurements can serve as biomarkers to evaluate responses to new therapies like inhaled corticosteroids and anti-IL5 monoclonal antibodies, and determine if treatments are modifying the disease course.
Discontinuing Mechanical Ventilation in ICU
This document discusses various methods and indices used to assess a patient's ability to be weaned from mechanical ventilation in the ICU, including minute ventilation, maximum inspiratory pressure, respiratory frequency, rapid shallow breathing index, tracheal airway occlusion pressure, and others. It provides recommendations for protocols to minimize sedation, use inspiratory pressure augmentation or preventive noninvasive ventilation for extubation. Diaphragm ultrasound measuring diaphragm thickness change during breathing is also discussed as a potential new method to guide weaning with a cutoff value of over 40% change indicating a likely successful spontaneous breathing trial.
Ultrasound in ICU and Emergency
This document provides an overview of ultrasound applications in the intensive care unit and emergency department. It discusses using ultrasound at the bedside for lung imaging as an alternative to radiography. It describes the signs of pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, and lung consolidation seen on ultrasound. The document also reviews using ultrasound to evaluate the inferior vena cava, heart, and pericardial space. Protocols for lung ultrasound and applications in critically ill patients are presented.
Arterial Blood Gases Analysis
This document provides a six-step process for interpreting arterial blood gas (ABG) results. It begins by emphasizing the importance of ABG interpretation for healthcare providers. The six steps include: 1) assessing internal consistency, 2) identifying alkalemia or acidemia, 3) determining if the disturbance is respiratory or metabolic, 4) checking for appropriate compensation, 5) calculating anion gap if needed, and 6) assessing the relationship between anion gap and bicarbonate changes. Common acid-base disorders and their characteristics are also outlined. The goal of the interpretation is to identify primary and concurrent acid-base abnormalities.
Updates in Diagnosis of COPD
1. COPD can be categorized into emphysema-predominant, airway-predominant, and mixed subtypes based on CT imaging findings.
2. CT-based methods allow for quantification of emphysematous changes by measuring areas of low lung attenuation, and can differentiate upper vs lower lung predominant emphysema.
3. Combining CT quantification of emphysema with pulmonary function testing helps characterize COPD phenotypes.
Antibiotic strategies in lower respiratory tract infections
This document discusses strategies for antibiotic treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. It begins by describing the mechanisms of action, spectrum, and bacteriostatic vs bactericidal properties of antimicrobial drugs. It then discusses concepts like antibiotic combinations, synergism, and antagonism. The document continues by outlining methods for determining minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration in vitro. It provides guidance on empiric antibiotic treatment strategies for outpatients, inpatients, and ICU patients. It also discusses approaches for suspected multidrug-resistant pathogens. The document concludes by addressing criteria for switching to oral antibiotics and guidelines for treatment duration.
Thoracic Imaging in critically ill patients
Chest radiography remains the primary imaging modality for critically ill patients, however images are often limited quality due to patient movement and positioning challenges. Mistakes can occur in assessing conditions like pleural effusions or infiltrates. Routine daily chest x-rays are not recommended for ICU patients unless clinically indicated. Ultrasound is a useful bedside tool for evaluating the lungs, IVC, heart, and detecting pneumothorax. Computed tomography can also be used but requires transporting unstable patients.
More from Gamal Agmy (20)
Antibiotic Strategy in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (part 1)
Antibiotic Strategy in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (part 1)
Antibiotic Strategy in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (part 2)
Antibiotic Strategy in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (part 2)
Antibiotic Strategy in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Antibiotic Strategy in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
:Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation :Recent Updates
:Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation :Recent Updates
Oxygen Therapy is not Beneficial in COPD Patients with Moderate Hypoxaemia
Oxygen Therapy is not Beneficial in COPD Patients with Moderate Hypoxaemia
Antibiotic strategies in lower respiratory tract infections
Antibiotic strategies in lower respiratory tract infections
Recently uploaded
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation. All info about Diabetes and how to control it.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Identifying Major Symptoms of Slip Disc.
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Recently uploaded (20)
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Nodular pattern
- 2. Nodular Patternitie By Gamal Rabie Agmy , MD , FCCP Professor of Chest Diseases ,Assiut University
- 4. Nodular pattern A nodular pattern consists of multiple round opacities, generally ranging in diameter from 1 mm to 1 cm Nodular opacities may be described as miliary (1 to 2 mm, the size of millet seeds), small, medium, or large, as the diameter of the opacities increases A nodular pattern, especially with predominant distribution, suggests a specific differential diagnosis
- 5. Perilymphatic distribution Centrilobular distribution Random distribution
- 6. ARE NODULES IN CONTACT WITH PLEURA NO CENTRILOBULAR YES PERILYMPHATIC RANDOM
- 9. TO SUM UP.. • Random – touch pleura – scattered in lung • Centrilobular –away from pleura • Perilymphatic – around vessels, bronchi – touch pleura or fissure
- 11. Size, Distribution, Appearance Nodules and Nodular Opacities Size Small Nodules:<10 mm Miliary - <3 mm Large Nodules: >10 mm Masses - >3 cms Appearance Interstitial opacity: Well-defined, homogenous, Soft-tissue density Obscures the edges of vessels or adjacent structure Air space: Ill-defined, inhomogeneous. Less dense than adjacent vessel – GGO small nodule is difficult to identify
- 12. Interstitial nodules Air space opacity Miliary tuberculosis sarcoidosis in a lung transplant patient with bronchopneumonia
- 13. RANDOM: no consistent relationship to any structures PERILYMPHATIC: corresponds to distribution of lymphatic CENTRILOBULAR: related to centrilobular structuresDistribution 13
- 14. Angiocentric
- 17. Lymphocentric
- 18. Disseminated histoplasmosis and nodular ILD. CT scan shows multiple bilateral round circumscribed pulmonary nodules.
- 19. Notice the nodules along the fissures indicating a perilymphatic distribution (red arrows). The majority of nodules located along the bronchovascular bundle (yellow arrow).
- 20. Sarcoidosis The majority of nodules located along the bronchovascular bundle (yellow arrow).
- 21. PERILYMPHATIC NODULES Perilymphatic and Random distribution of nodules , seen in sarcoidosis.
- 22. Centrilobular distribution Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Respiratory bronchiolitis in smokers infectious airways diseases (endobronchial spread of tuberculosis or nontuberculous mycobacteria, bronchopneumonia) Uncommon in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, pulmonary edema, vasculitis
- 23. Random distribution Small random nodules are seen in: Hematogenous metastases Miliary tuberculosis Miliary fungal infections Sarcoidosis may mimick this pattern, when very extensive Langerhans cell histiocytosis (early nodular stage)
- 24. Langerhans cell histiocytosis: early nodular stage before the typical cysts appear.
- 25. Differential diagnosis of a nodular pattern of interstitial lung disease SHRIMP Sarcoidosis Histiocytosis (Langerhan cell histiocytosis) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Rheumatoid nodules Infection (mycobacterial, fungal, viral) Metastases, Miliary TB Microlithiasis, alveolar Pneumoconioses (silicosis, coal worker's, berylliosis)
- 26. Reticulonodular pattern A reticulonodular pattern results from a combination of reticular and nodular opacities. This pattern is often difficult to distinguish from a purely reticular or nodular pattern, and in such a case a differential diagnosis should be developed based on the predominant pattern. If there is no predominant pattern, causes of both nodular and reticular patterns should be considered.