The document discusses the nitration of benzene, which involves the addition of a nitro group (NO2) to the benzene ring using concentrated H2SO4 at temperatures between 50-55 °C. The reaction involves nitric acid reacting with benzene to produce nitrobenzene and water. The mechanism includes the formation of a nitronium ion and hydrosulfate ion, with the nitronium ion reacting slowly with benzene, followed by a faster reaction that produces nitrobenzene.

1. NITRATION OF BENZENE
PRESENTED BY
MUHAMMAD JAMSHAID

2. CONTENTS
1.DEFINITION
2.EXPLANATION
3.REACTION
4.MECHANISM

3. NITRATION
The addition of nitrile group (NO2) in any
organic compound is called nitration of
organic compounds.

4. NITRATION OF BENZENE
•The addition of nitrile group in benzene ring
is called nitration of benzene.
•The nitration of benzene is carried out in
the presense of conc.H2SO4 at 50-55 C
Temprature.

5. REACTION
•The nitric acid react with benzene in the
presence of conc.H2SO4 at 50 c temprature
and produced Nitrobenzene with the
elimination of water.

6. MECHANISM
•In mechanism of nitration of benzene we
first took 1:1 of Conc.H2SO4 and Conc.HNO3
and react them at 50-55 c temperature.
•The resulting product is produced Nitronium
Ion plus Hydro Sulphate Ion plus Water.

8. • The nitronium ion first react with benzene at
50 c and this reaction is slow.
Then Hydro Sulphate react and this reaction is
fast and produced Nitrobenzene with
elimination of H2SO4.