students of GURUNANAK COLLEGE OF PHARMACY topic : structure and uses of phenol, cresol, resorcinol and naphthol b. pharm. 3rd semester

1. STRUCTURE AND USES OF
PHENOL, CRESOL, RESORCINOL, NAPHTHOL
Group Name : Chill Pill
Members : Aayushi Yelgurwar, Arham Khan, Chhavi Rahangdale, Himanshi Chute, Manya Bhasin
B. Pharm. III Semester
POC – II
Teacher-in-charge : Pradnya Gondane

2. PHENOL : STRUCTURE AND USES
• Pure phenol is used in certain medical procedures and as an ingredient in numerous
treatments and laboratory applications.
• Phenol can be injected into your muscles to treat a condition known as muscle spasticity.
This happens when your brain doesn't communicate properly with your spinal cord and
nerves. It causes your muscles to become tight.
• A phenol injection helps limit the signals sent from your nerves to your muscles that cause
contractions. This allows you to move more easily and feel less discomfort.
This treatment is similar to getting a botulinum toxin a Botox shot. But phenol tends to be
more useful for large muscles.
• Phenol is commonly used in surgeries for ingrown toenails. The phenol, in the form of
trichloroacetic acid, is used to stop the nail from growing back.
• Phenol is used as a preservative in at least four vaccines. It helps keep bacteria from growing in and contaminating
the vaccine solutions.
1. Pneumovax 23 for conditions like pneumonia and meningitis
2. Typhim Vi for typhoid fever
3. ACAM2000 for smallpox
4. 2 Phenoxyethanol is used in the vaccine Ipol, for polio

3. PHENOL : USES
• Phenol is used in some throat sprays that can help numb your throat and relieve symptoms caused by a sore throat,
or irritation in the mouth caused by canker sores. Phenol spray available almost anywhere. The most common
brand is Chloraseptic, It contains about 1.4% phenol.
• Many phenol-based products that help relieve pain or irritation in or around your mouth can also be bought
over-the-counter to numb tissues in the mouth and lips, these products are used as a short-term treatment for the
symptoms of pharyngitis.
• Phenol liquid is often used in molecular biology with trichloromethane and chloroform to separate RNA, DNA, or
proteins, and isolate them in the pure form.
• Phenol (carbolic acid) is one of the oldest antiseptic agents. It is bacteriostatic at concentrations of 0.1% 1% and is
bactericidal/fungicidal at 1%-2% of concentration.
• Soap containing phenol-based compounds is often called carbolic soap. It's been used as an antiseptic during
surgery.
• It was also a common fixture in state schools in England and Scotland until the 1980s.
• Carbolic soap (Soap containing phenol-based compounds ) is still widely used throughout the world. It provides

4. PHENOL : USES
• Phenol has been replaced by its derivatives as an antiseptic. One derivative is n-hexylresorcinol, which can be found
in cough drops. The compound, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), replaced phenol as a food antioxidant.
• Plant-based compounds containing phenol are known to be antioxidants. They can stop the reaction of free radicals
with other molecules in your body, preventing damage to your DNA as well as long-term health effects.
• Phenol-derived compounds have a variety of uses, including:
1. Chemical peels - Phenol in trichloroacetic acid is used to penetrate through layers of skin to get rid of old or
damaged skin.
2. Food and cosmetic preservatives - Phenol derivative butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a common FDA approved
preservative used in cosmetics and to keep food from spoiling.

5. CRESOL : STRUCTURE AND USES
o-Cresol is mainly used as a precursor to compounds :
• Chlorination and etherification gives members of a
commercially important herbicides, such as
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA).
• Nitration gives dinitrocresol, a popular herbicide.
• Kolbe–Schmitt carboxylation gives o-cresotinic acid, a
pharmaceutical intermediate.
• Carvacrol, essence of oregano, is derived by alkylation of o-cresol with propene.
• The muscle relaxant mephenesin is an ether derived from o-cresol.
p-Cresol is used as :
• p-Cresol is consumed mainly in the production of antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
• The monoalkylated derivatives undergo coupling to give an extensive family of diphenol antioxidants. These
antioxidants are valued because they are relatively low in toxicity and nonstaining.

6. CRESOL : USES
m-Cresol is a precursor to numerous compounds. Important examples include:
• Pesticides such as fenitrothion and fenthion.
• Synthetic vitamin E by methylation to give the 2,3,6-trimethylphenol.
• Antiseptics, such as amylmetacresol.
• A solvent for polymers. For example, polyaniline is cast from a solution of m-cresol to form a polyaniline film with a
superior conductivity than polyaniline alone. This phenomenon is known as secondary doping.
• Preservatives in some insulins.
• The starting point in the total synthesis of thymol, an important synthetic chemical for regions lacking natural
sources of the flavor compound: C7H8O + C3H6 ⇌ C10H14O
• The synthesis of dicresulene and policresulen.
• The synthesis of toliprolol, tolamolol & cresatin.

7. RESORCINOL : STRUCTURE AND USES
• Resorcinol is used as a disinfectant or an antiseptic in pharmaceutical products.
• It is used to treat skin infections as seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, calluses,
eczema, warts, and acne.
• It is used in the manufacturing of resins.
• It is an analytical reagent used to determine the quality of ketoses.
• Resorcinol works by helping to remove hard, scaly, or roughened skin.
• As an adhesive, resorcinol is both strong and, more importantly, very waterproof. This makes it effective for use in
boats or humid environments as moisture does not affect resorcinol adhesives.
• The tire industry has used resorcinol in rubber adhesives to bond materials such as rayon, nylon, fiberglass, or steel
with natural or synthetic rubber compositions.
• Other examples of this bonding includes conveyer belts and pneumatic/hydraulic hoses.

8. NAPHTHOL : STRUCTURE AND USES
1-naphtho
l
2-naphtho
l
1-Naphthol is used in each of the following chemical tests:
• Molisch's test gives a red- or purple-colored compound to indicate the presence of carbohydrate.
• The rapid furfural test turns purple quickly (<30s) if fructose is present, distinguishing it from glucos
• The Sakaguchi test turns red to indicate the presence of arginine in proteins.
• The Voges-Proskauer test changes color from yellow to red to indicate that glucose is being broken down into
acetoin which is used by bacteria for external energy storage.
1-naphthol:
• 1-Naphthol is a precursor to a variety of insecticides including
carbaryl and pharmaceuticals including nadolo as well as for the
antidepressant sertraline and the anti-protozoan therapeutic
atovaquone.
• 1-Napthol undergoes azo coupling to give various azo dyes.

9. NAPHTHOL : USES
2-naphthol:
• 2-Naphthol is a widely used intermediate for the production of dyes and other compounds.
• The Sudan dyes are popular dyes noted for being soluble in organic solvents. Several of the Sudan dyes are derived
from 2-naphthol by coupling with diazonium salts. Sudan dyes I-IV and Sudan Red G consist of arylazo substituted
naphthols.
• 2-Naphthol has several other uses including pigments, fats, oils, insecticides, pharmaceuticals, perfumes,
antiseptics, synthesis of fungicides, and antioxidants for rubber.

10. THANK YOU ☺