Neurobiology of auditory hallucinations
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Justyna is studying psychology and volunteering with schizophrenia patients. She has chosen to present on the neurobiology of auditory hallucinations, which are the most common hallucinations in schizophrenia. The presentation will discuss brain regions involved in audition, language perception, and language production that are implicated in auditory hallucinations, including the primary and secondary auditory cortices, Wernicke's area, and Broca's area. Potential causes of auditory hallucinations that will be covered include reduced grey matter in the superior temporal gyrus of the auditory cortex and increased activity in language areas and the primary auditory cortex, along with altered connectivity between language and frontal areas.
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Hallucinations involve perceiving something without it actually being present through the senses. They occur due to abnormalities in brain regions involved in sensory processing like the superior temporal gyrus. One model suggests overactivity in sensory regions is interpreted as external input due to abnormal connectivity between sensory and frontal regions. Disruptions in thalamocortical circuits that modulate sensory processing may also underlie hallucinations. While the exact causes are unclear, mental illnesses like schizophrenia commonly involve hallucinations. Treatment involves medications to address the underlying illness.
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Neurobiology of auditory hallucinations
- 2. Hello, my name is Justyna, I’m from Poland. I’m studying psychology and for 3 years I’m working as a volunteer with people who suffer from schizophrenia. Therefore I have decided to write about neurobiology of hallucinations.
- 3. Auditory hallucinations are the most common hallucinations in schizophrenic spectrum of symptoms. Nearly 70% of schizophrenic patients are hearing voices and that is the reason why I chose this topic of my presentation.
- 4. So what do you think, what kind of brain regions can be connected with auditory hallucinations?
- 5. The basis for this kind of hallucinations are located in the brain regions which are responsible for: - audition - language perception - language production
- 6. AuditionPrimary auditory cortex (involved with the perception of pitch and pure tone) Secondary auditory cortex (involved with complex auditory sequences)
- 7. Language perception Wernicke’s area (responsible for understanding of words meaning)contains association cortex responding to understandable speech
- 8. Language productionBroca’s area (responsible for sentence production)
- 9. What may cause the auditory hallucinations?
- 10. Hypothesis: - Reduced grey matter volume in the superior temporal gyrus in auditory cortex (Grey matter contains most of the brain's neuronal cell bodies. The grey matter includes regions of the brain involved in sensory perception such as seeing and hearing)
- 11. Hypothesis: - Increased activity in language areas and in the primary auditory cortex (in superior and middle temporal gyrus) and altered connectivity with language processing areas in the inferior frontal cortex.
- 12. This course helped me to understand and learn more about the brain areas responsible for hearing. In the textbooks about auditory hallucinations which I have read, were information only about location of areas in the brain which are involved in hearing and speaking.
- 13. After finishing of the course I am able to show and tell about functions of these areas by myself. The 6th chapter helped me to get better insight into neurobiology of hearing. Now I can point and describe specific brain regions which are taking part in this process, moreover I can tell more about their functions (what always were problematic for me).
- 14. Thanks to course formula and lecturer’s attitude to teaching, especially thanks to the practical examples, it was easier to understand arcanas of neurobiology. The quizzes were also very helpful to rehearsals. In situations when I made mistakes, I could always watch again the video lessons to check what I did wrong and understand this topic properly.