This document discusses disorders of self-experience and awareness. It defines self as how a person views themselves and their identity. There are four main aspects of self-awareness: awareness of existence, self-unity, continuity of identity, and boundaries. Disorders are discussed under each of these categories. For example, depersonalization is a disturbance in awareness of one's own activity where a person feels detached from themselves. Schizophrenia can involve feelings that one's thoughts are being controlled or stolen, disturbing boundaries. The document examines various conditions that can impact self-experience like depression, anxiety, substance use, and neurological disorders.
Emotion, Classification of emotion, Normal emotional reactions, Abnormal emotional reactions, Abnormal reaction of emotion, Morbid expression of emotion, Communication of mood, Categories of emotion, Pathological changes in mood, Feeling of loss, Anhedonia, Feeling of impending disaster, Ecstasy, Feelings attached with the perception of objects, Feelings directed towards people, Free floating emotion, Experience and expression of emotion, Vital feelings, Religious feelings, Manic Depressive mood, Suicidal thoughts, Depersonalization, Internal restlessness, Cyclothymia and related conditions, Depression and loss, Grief, Helplessness and hopelessness, Mania, Manic thoughts
Emotion, Classification of emotion, Normal emotional reactions, Abnormal emotional reactions, Abnormal reaction of emotion, Morbid expression of emotion, Communication of mood, Categories of emotion, Pathological changes in mood, Feeling of loss, Anhedonia, Feeling of impending disaster, Ecstasy, Feelings attached with the perception of objects, Feelings directed towards people, Free floating emotion, Experience and expression of emotion, Vital feelings, Religious feelings, Manic Depressive mood, Suicidal thoughts, Depersonalization, Internal restlessness, Cyclothymia and related conditions, Depression and loss, Grief, Helplessness and hopelessness, Mania, Manic thoughts
The presentation describes what id perception; differences between sensation, perception and imagery; disorders of perception and how to assess perception using mental status examination.
The presentation describes what id perception; differences between sensation, perception and imagery; disorders of perception and how to assess perception using mental status examination.
It is about Disorders of consciousness according to Textbook of Fish's Clinical psychopathology and Textbook of Sim's Symptom in the Mind. It also includes Attention and Orientation.
'Non-pharmacological management in dementia' is really nice article published in British Journal of Psychiatry Advances. It gives basic idea about non pharmacological management in all forms of dementia for Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
This presentation gives detailed description of symptoms of catatonia with its etiologies and differential diagnoses. It should help to differentiate catatonia in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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3. SELF
• Self is defined as the way a person thinks about
himself/ herself and views his/ her own beliefs, traits
and purpose within the world.
• It is evaluation by a person as distinct from others
which is important
i. to regulate his/ her own behaviour and
ii. to engage in social interaction
• Self-representation is central to human behaviour in
health and disease.
4. EGO AND SELF
• Ego and self are used more or less
interchangeably.
• Freud (1933) described ego as standing ‘for
reason and good sense’ and it works on the
principle of reality.
5. Introduction
• In recent decades there has been increased
interest in the study of the self, self awareness
and various changes in self-awareness, especially
in the context of mental illnesses such as
schizophrenia (Sass & Parnas, 2003; Harland et
al, 2004).
• The terms self awareness or ego consciousness
are now have been replaced by the term ‘self-
experience.’
6. Four aspects of self awareness
(Jasper,1997)
1. Awareness of EXISTENCE and SELF ACTIVITY.
2. Awareness of being in SELF UNITY at any given
point of time. (Singleness)
3. Awareness of CONTINUITY OF SELF IDENTITY over a
period of time.
4. Awareness of being separate from the environment
AWARENESS OF BOUNDARIES.
• Fifth dimension of ego vitality
(Scharfetter,1981,1995) Previously this characteristic
was part of awareness of activity, representing
awareness of existence of self.
7. • Disorders of self-experience are discussed under
these four headings, but a number of other
symptoms can be regarded as disturbances in two of
these aspects of self-experience together.
Four aspects of self awareness
(Jasper,1997)
9. Awareness of SELF ACTIVITY
• Its feeling that “I do something and I know that I am
doing it.’
• There are two aspects to the sense of self-activity:
1. The sense of existence (also called Ego vitality)
“ I know that I exist”.
2. The sense of the performance of one’s actions.
10. • Depersonalisation- is a change in the awareness of
one’s own activity when person feels that he or she is
no longer his or her natural self.
.
DISORDERS DUE TO DISTURBANCE IN
AWARENESS OF SELF ACTIVITY
11. Conditions of depersonalisation
• Organic brain disease– Temporal lobe disorders (Matthew et
al, 1993)
• Substance misuse- Cannabis, LSD.
• Anxiety disorders- Agoraphobia, panic disorder, PTSD.
• Depression- occasionally
• Hysterical dissociation
• Normal people- severe exhaustion, sensory deprivation
• Medication- tricyclic anti depressants
12. Features of Depersonalisation
(Acner, 1954)
• Always subjective experience
• The experience is characterised by a feeling of
strangeness or unreality
• The experience is often unpleasant
• Insight is preserved
DISTURBANCE IN AWARENESS OF SELF
ACTIVITY
13. Clinical features of depersonalisation
• Third most frequent symptom to occur in psychiatry
after anxiety and depression. (Stewart, 1964)
• It is often associated with derealisation in which
person feels that environment experienced is unreal.
• Usually occurs in attacks which may last from
seconds to hours.
DISTURBANCE IN AWARENESS OF SELF
ACTIVITY
14. • Typically, in depersonalisation disorder, attack lasts
for a few hours, in temporal lobe epilepsy for a few
minutes and in anxiety disorder for a few seconds.
• The first attack is usually very frightening and
patients often think that they are going mad.
• However in course of time they may become more or
less accustomed to it.
Clinical features of depersonalisation
DISTURBANCE IN AWARENESS OF SELF
ACTIVITY
15. DISTURBANCE OF AWARENESS OF SELF
ACTIVITY
• Depression and high anxiety like phobia can manifest
as problems with perception own actions and
movements
-- in a patient of severe depression “I do not feel
alive, my body is dead and my eyes are staring towards
you out of a dead body”
– patient suffering from phobia saying “ if I am in lift,
I panic and feel as if I am falling over”
16. • Depression can cause problems with memorizing
and imagination– depressed patient feels that he is
unable to initiate any act of memory or fantasy.
• Depression causes loss of feeling – A depressed
patient feels, “ I cannot love my parents as before.
Nothing has happened between to us but I have just
lost my feeling for them.”
DISTURBANCE OF AWARENESS OF SELF
ACTIVITY
17. DISORDERS DUE TO DISTURBANCE IN
IMMEDIATE AWARENESS OF SELF
UNITY (SINGLENESS)
18. Awareness of SELF
UNITY (Singleness)
• Feeling that at any given moment ‘I know that I am
one person.’
19. DISTURBANCE IN IMMEDIATE
AWARENESS OF SELF UNITY
• In dreams- person sees himself/ herself and feels as
is they are two persons.
• In some forms of transcendental meditation, by
carrying out repetitive monotonous acts, the person
enters in a self-induced trance in which he can
observe himself carrying out certain behaviour.
20. • In depersonalisation- the patient may feel that they
are talking and acting in an automatic way as if they
are two persons.
• Schizophrenia and delusion of demonic possession
(may feel they are two or more people)
DISTURBANCE IN IMMEDIATE
AWARENESS OF SELF UNITY
21. Autoscopy (phantom mirror image)
• It is an experience of perception of one’s
own body image projected into the
external visual space (Lukianowicz, 1958)
• “Patient can see himself and knows that it
is he. Autoscopy is not just a visual
hallucination because it is experienced
with kinaesthetic and somatic sensation.”
(Fish, 1967 )
• Especially associated with disorders of
parietal lobe.
DISTURBANCE IN IMMEDIATE
AWARENESS OF SELF UNITY
22. The Double phenomenon: Dopple ganger
• It is an awareness of oneself as being
both outside alongside, and inside
oneself: the subjective phenomenon
of doubling.
• Seen in – fantasy, depersonalization,
compulsive ideas, double personality
(alternating states of consciousness),
without any mental illness.
DISTURBANCE IN IMMEDIATE
AWARENESS OF SELF UNITY
23. Dual, double or multiple personality
• Experiencing multiple personalities ---In multiple
personality disorder. (dissociative identity disorders)
• Delusional misidentification or Capgras syndrome
DISTURBANCE IN IMMEDIATE
AWARENESS OF SELF UNITY
24. • Double orientation; is the situation where an
individual appears to live in two worlds
simultaneously– a psychotic world and the real
world.
• For example a confused patient on a psychogeriatric
ward he believes that this man came to visit him is
doctor and also the person who came to marry his
young wife.
Dual, double or multiple personality
DISTURBANCE IN IMMEDIATE
AWARENESS OF SELF UNITY
26. Awareness of
CONTINUITY OF SELF IDENTITY
• It is a feeling that “I am who I was last week, or 30
years ago: I am who I will be next week, or in 10
years time.”
27. DISORDERS DUE TO DISTURBANCE OF
CONTINUITY OF SELF IDENTITY
• Psychosis: complete alteration in the sense of
identity. Patient feels he is not the same person that
he was before the illness. --religious new life or being
born again.
• Normal health people, neurosis and personality
disorder: A feeling of loss of continuity with lesser
intensity. Patient with depression may feel that
“everything is dark and there is nothing to look
forward in to future.”
28. DISORDERS DUE TO DISTURBANCE OF
CONTINUITY OF SELF IDENTITY
• Possession state:
In normal people under hypnosis. It can also happen
in certain cultural or religious context.
• Near death experience:
Often seen in depersonalisation and characterised by
increased alertness, out of body experience, mystic or
spiritual consciousness.
30. Awareness of BOUNDARIES OF
SELF
• Nothing but “I can distinguish what is myself from
the outside world that is not myself”
• One of the most fundamental of the experience is
the difference between one’s body and the rest of
the world.
31. • Seen in schizophrenia-
• In schizophrenia, the sense of invasion of self appears to
be fundamental experience especially with first rank
symptoms.
• Controlling and passivity phenomenon e.g. somebody is
controlling my mind with radio waves, my actions are not
my own actions.
• Thought alienation phenomenon e.g. my thoughts are
being stolen or broadcasted.
• Auditory Hallucination (3rd person): Patient confidently
says that voices are coming from some place far from
them, where as in fact they arise inside the self.
DISORDERS DUE TO DISTURBANCES IN
BOUNDARIES OF SELF
32. DISORDERS DUE TO DISTURBANCES IN
BOUNDARIES OF SELF
• Meditations and religious practices: Person might
describe experiencing unity with saints or God or
universe.
• LSD intoxication
34. Awareness of BODY
• The body schema in the picture of our own body in
our mind.
35. DISORDERS DUE TO DISTURBANCE IN
BODY OF IMAGE
• Distortion of body image– anorexia nervosa, obesity.
• Dislike of body– Transsexualism, Dysmorphophobia
• Undue concern with appearance– Narcissism
• Undue concern with illness– Hypochondriasis