Neurobiology

1. Neurobiology
Name: Daniel Gómez
Theme: Broca área and Wernicke área
Example:
In my neighborhood, I have a neighbor who since I met him I have never understood his
answers to my questions, every morning I greet him with a good morning but he answers
other nonsense things, despite all this I know he can understand me Through research I can
tell that my neighbor has Broca's Aphasia but not Wernicke's Aphasia. Because if you
understand me but the fluency of your language to communicate with me is what is not
right.
Nervous system functions that are evident:
The parietooccipitotemporal association area is located in the large space of the parietal and
occipital cortex, the anterior limit of which corresponds to the somatosensory cortex, the
posterior limit to the visual cortex and the lateral one to the auditory cortex. As might be
expected, it provides a high degree of interpretive significance to signals from all the
surrounding sensitive areas. However, even the parietooccipitotemporal association area
has its own functional subareas.
Broca's Area and Wernicke's Area are related by means of the arcuate fascicle.
Wernicke área is the main area for language understanding, therefore it is the most
important region of the entire brain for higher intellectual functions. It is located behind the
primary auditory cortex, in the posterior part of the superior gyrus of the temporal lobe.
Related to language understanding. Corresponds to Brodmann areas 21 and 22.
An injury to Wernicke's area results in Wernicke's so-called aphasia characterized by poor
speech comprehension and preserved fluency, although without understandable meaning.
The patient retains the prosody.
Broca area provides the nerve circuits for word formation. It is located in the posterolateral
prefrontal cortex and partly in the premotor area. This is where the motor plans and
patterns for the expression of each word or even of short sentences are put into action and
executed. This area also functions intimately linked to the center for Wernicke's language
understanding in the temporal association cortex.Related to the articulation of language.
Corresponds to Brodmann areas 41 and 42.

2. The Broca area is divided into two main subareas: the triangular one (located in the anterior
part), which is in charge of interpreting various types of stimuli (multimodal association)
and generating verbal responses, and the opercular one (located in the posterior area, next
to the motor cortex), which deals with only one type of stimulus (unimodal association) and
coordinates the organs of the phonatory apparatus for the production of speech.
Injury to Broca's area gives rise to so-called Broca's aphasia which is characterized by
difficulties in verbal production (not fluent), incomplete and reduced phrases,
simplifications, alterations in prosody and articulation difficulties. Comprehension is
generally preserved, showing some difficulties in those sentences in which the meaning
depends on the order of the words.
Another area of the brain associated with language is the so-called angular gyrus. This area
receives tactile sensory information from the parietal lobe, visual information from the
occipital lobe, and auditory information from the temporal lobe. Angular gyrus helps us use
different types of sensory information to understand language.
Speech and language processing are complex functions for which various parts of the
cerebral cortex work together. Wernicke's area, Broca's area, and angular gyrus are the
three vital regions for speech and language processing. Wernicke's area is connected to
Broca's area by a group of bundles of nerve fibers called the arcuate bundle or arch
fascilicus. While Wernicke's area helps us understand language, Broca's area helps us
accurately communicate our ideas to others through speech.
Ways this course has allowed you to better analyze the events:
I am currently studying medicine in Ecuador. Thanks to this course I know that I have been
able to improve in many things, one of them is the anatomy of the nervous system. In
addition, I see patients from a different point of view, first I analyze them to know what area
of the nervous system is failing, after this I come to a conclusion and I can give a hypothesis
about what the patient has, all I did this because I can relate what I knew before with what
I learned in the online course.
Bibliography
Bear, M., Connors, B., & Paradiso, M. (2016). Neuroscience exploring the brain [Ebook] (4th
ed., pp. 824-829). Wolters Kluwer. Recuperado el 19 de Junio de 2020, de
https://booksmedicos.org/neuroscience-exploring-the-brain-4th-edition/.

3. Feldma, R. (2017). Psicología con aplicaciones de América Latina. México, Ciudad de México:
McGraw-Hill.
García-Porrero, J., & Hurlé, J. (2015). Neuroanatomía Humana [Ebook] (pp. 352-354).
Editorial Médica Panamericana. Recuperado el 19 de Junio de 2020, de
https://booksmedicos.org/neuroanatomia-humana-porrero-hurle/#more-130140.
Hall, J. E. (2020). Guyton & Hall Compendio de fisiología médica (11a ED ed.). ELSEVIER
ESPAÑOL.
Purves, D., Augustine, G., Fitzpatrick, D., Hall, W., LaMantia, A., & Mooney, R. (2018).
Neuroscience [Ebook] (6th ed., pp. 681-685). Oxford University Press. Recuperado el 19 de
Junio de 2020, de https://booksmedicos.org/neuroscience-purves-6th-edition/#more-
138667.