Neurobiology of anxiety
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This document discusses the neuroanatomical circuits and neurochemicals involved in anxiety disorders. It describes the amygdala and its connections to other brain regions like the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and brainstem nuclei that are implicated in fear processing and anxiety. Different neurotransmitter systems are also involved like GABA, serotonin, norepinephrine, and glutamate. The roles of these neurocircuits and chemicals help explain symptoms of anxiety disorders and how medications can treat them.
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neurobiology of stress
The document discusses the neurobiology of stress. It defines stress and outlines the key components of the stress response including activation of the HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system. This leads to release of stress hormones like cortisol and catecholamines. Prolonged stress can sensitize brain circuits and increase vulnerability to mental health issues. Genetics also influence individual stress responses. Psychoneuroimmunology explores bidirectional communication between the brain, behavior and immune system in stress.
Neurobiology" Understanding Dopamine Serotonin & GABA
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Sherlyn's neurobiology of emotions
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Risk Factors , Signs and Symptoms of GAD, DSM V Diagnostic Criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, ICD 10 Criteria F41.1 Generalized anxiety disorder, Prevalence and Age of Onset, Treatment, Self-help Strategies For GAD
Panic disorders
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Panic disorder
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected and recurrent panic attacks. During attacks people experience symptoms like a pounding heart, rapid breathing, dizziness and fear of dying. Between attacks, those with panic disorder often develop phobias and avoid places or situations they associate with previous attacks. The disorder typically begins before age 25 and is twice as likely to affect women than men. Treatment focuses on cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medications to help people function normally and reduce symptoms.
Panic disorder
This document provides an overview of panic disorder (PD), including its definition, symptoms, risk factors, differences from panic attacks, causes, effects on schooling, outcomes, diagnostic criteria, reasons for hospitalization, conditions that mimic it, suicide rates, and treatment goals. PD is defined as recurrent unexpected panic attacks along with fears about future attacks. It has biological, pharmacological, cognitive, and chronic illness-related causes. Treatment aims to reduce attack frequency, intensity, anticipatory anxiety, and phobic avoidance.
Anxiety disorder
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The document outlines the 9 anxiety disorders classified in the DSM-5: separation anxiety disorder, selective mutism, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder, and anxiety disorder due to another medical condition. Each disorder is defined based on DSM-5 criteria, including common causes, symptoms, and treatments. The document aims to guide mental health practitioners in properly diagnosing anxiety disorders using the standardized DSM-5 definitions and classifications.
Panic disorder
THERE ARE LOTS OF DISORDERS IN MENTAL HEALTH ASPECT.THIS PRESENTATION'S FOCUS IS ON PANIC DISORDER AND ITS MANAGEMENT.THIS CLASS IS IN ASPECT OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSING STUDENTS.
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Depression and anxiety are common mental health issues that can be treated. The brain controls functions like breathing, heart rate, movement, sleep, mood and thought. It contains regions like the cerebral cortex, limbic system, hypothalamus and brainstem that regulate these functions. Neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine transmit signals between neurons. Depression is characterized by low mood, loss of interest and changes in appetite or sleep. Anxiety involves feelings of fear or worry that can cause physical symptoms. Conditions like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and PTSD involve excessive uncontrollable anxiety. Treatment options depend on the diagnosis and can include therapy and medication.
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Disorders of mood
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Psychiatry 5th year, 1st lecture (Dr. Rebwar Ghareeb Hama)
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Anxiety disorders
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Neurobiology of anxiety
- 2. I. Definitions II. Neuro-anatomical circuits III. Neurochemicals
- 3. Anxiety- Feeling of apprehension caused by anticipation of danger, which may be internal or external. Fear-Unpleasurable emotional state consisting of psychophysiological changes in response to a realistic threat or danger. Phobia-Persistent, pathological, unrealistic, intense fear of an object or situation Obsession- Persistent and recurrent idea, thought, or impulse that cannot be eliminated from consciousness by logic or reasoning; obsessions are involuntary and ego- dystonic.
- 5. all share core symptoms of fear and worry all basically treated with the same drugs (including many of the same drugs that treat major depression) what is the difference between major depression and anxiety disorders? Are all these entities really different disorders?
- 6. •GAD- persistent and unremitting yet not severe •Panic- intermittent and catastrophic in an unexpected manner •Phobia- intermittent and catastrophic in an expected manner •PTSD-traumatic in origin and conditioned
- 8. Conditioned fear associations Organising fear responses- rapid and long latency Innate fear and social behaviour Organising emotional experience- motor , autonomic,endocrine systems.
- 9. Monosynaptic projections from sensory thalamus to lateral nucleus rapid conditioning(vision+sound+somatic). [subcortical] Long latency response – highly processed complex sensory stimuli and environmental contexts.[higher cognitive processing] Extinction resistant memory storage Plasticity Hippocampus +Amygdala = spatial contextual conditioning (mental map) (emotion)
- 10. Tachistoscope
- 11. Facial expression and voice intonation Recall of emotional or arousing memories
- 15. Central nucleus = fear, BNST = anxiety CRH acts on BNST Anxiogenic effect of very bright light presented for long time Bigger in males.(hormone related change) Red. vol = pedophiles, Inhibition of sexual maturity ; disruption shown to attenuate reinstatement of drug seeking behaviour. Stria terminalis AMYGDALA
- 18. Perirhinal cortex(anterior) – conveys visual stimuli to amygdala Temporopolar cortex – emotional salience of actual or anticipated stimuli mPFC- critical in attenuating fear response Insular cortex – active during developing/ while experiencing disgust. Significant role in interoceptive function especially heartbeat.
- 19. GABA Serotonin NE Glutamate Dopamine Voltage gated ion channels NeuropeptideY Galanin CCK
- 20. GABA-A and GABA-C ligand gated ion channels. GABA-B – G-Protein linked. GABA-A – critical role in inhibitory neurotransmission + targets of BZD Functions vary based on the subunits α1- sleep, α2 α3- anxiety
- 21. Increased turnover in mPFC, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus. Sensitive to severity of stress(esp in mPFC) Chronic Learned helplessness – decreased 5HT release BZD and Antidepressants prevent decrease of 5HT and learned helplessness. 5HT1A knockout mice – marked anxiety and fear behaviours.
- 22. Fight /flight/freeze response NE PTSD Yohimbine – panicogenic β-blockers and opioids can disrupt reconsolidation of fear memory.
- 23. Benjamin james sadock.Virginia alcott sadock.Pedro ruiz.,2009.Comrehensive textbook of psychiatry.9th edition. LippincottWilliams &Wilkins. Stephen.M.Stahl.2013.Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology.4th edition.Cambridge university press. Schiltz K,Witzel J, Northoff G, Zierhut K, Gubka U, Fellman H, Kaufmann J, Tempelmann C,Wiebking C, Bogerts B (2007). "Brain pathology in pedophilic offenders: Evidence of volume reduction in the right amygdala and related diencephalic structures". Archives of General Psychiatry 64: 737–746. Brainstem wiki