The document discusses nephrotic syndrome, which is defined as heavy proteinuria, low serum protein and albumin levels, and edema. The most common type in children is minimal change nephrotic syndrome, which accounts for 83% of primary nephrotic syndrome cases. Treatment involves hospitalization, bed rest, dietary modifications like salt restriction, and steroid therapy like prednisone over 8-12 weeks. Complications can arise from the disease itself or side effects of treatment.