Nephritis is an inflammatory condition of the kidneys that impairs waste filtration, caused by infections or inflammatory disorders. It can be classified into acute nephritis, often triggered by drug sensitivity, and chronic nephritis, which arises from various causes like hypertension and renal diseases. Diagnosis involves history collection, tests, and biopsies, while management includes corticosteroids, antihypertensives, diuretics, and lifestyle modifications.

1. Nephritis
Presented by : - Tukeshwar

2. Definition : -
A condition in which the tissues in the
kidney become inflamed and have
problems filtering waste from the blood.
Nephritis may be caused by infection,
inflammatory conditions

3. Types of nephritis : -
1.Acute nephritis
2. Chronic nephritis

4. 1. Acute nephritis : -
 Acute nephritis is most commonly caused by hypersensitivity to
drug therapy like analgesic or aspirin Cyclosporine
 It is used for treatment of certain immune disease anti cancer
drugs and medicine to treat depression Such as lithium
2. Chronic nephritis : -
 Chronic nephritis can similarly be due to a very large no of causes
including high blood pressure or hypertension polycystic disease of the
kidney high blood calcium deposit in the kidney and Uric acid deposit in
the kidney lead and intoxication

5. Pathophysiology : -
Due to etiological factors
!
Antigen and antibody reactions occur in glomerlus capillaries
!
Inflammatory damage and obstruct glomerulus
!
Nephritis

6. Sign symptoms : -
 Change of colour of the skin
 proteinuria
 Oliguria
 Hematuria
 Hypertension
 Edema
 Nausea vomiting
 Headhache

7. Diagnostic evaluation : -
History collection
Physical examination
Urine test analysis
Blood urea nitrogen level test
Needle biopsy

8. Medical management : -
1. Corticosteroids : - To relief for the inflamed area
- prednisone
- Methylprednisone
2. Anti hypertension drug to reduce the high blood
pressure
- propanol
3. Diuretic : - furosemide to stop absorption water and Na
4. Antibiotics :- streptomycin clindamycin

9. Nursing management : -
 Monitor the vital sign
 Monitor the intake and output
 Instruct the patient to avoid irritant that affect urinary tract
 Avoid the exposing the patient to person with infection

10. Prevention : -
 Maintaining healthy weight
 Quite smoking
 Keeping blood sugar and blood pressure within healthy limit
 Keep exercise regularly