The document discusses the regulation of body temperature in animals and humans. It covers several topics:
- Animals are classified as warm-blooded or cold-blooded based on their ability to regulate body temperature.
- Temperature is regulated by balancing heat production (thermogenesis) and heat loss (thermolysis) mechanisms. The hypothalamus acts as the main temperature regulating center in the brain.
- Heat is produced through metabolism and lost through radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation from the skin and lungs. The autonomic nervous system and hormones help regulate heat production and loss.
The document discusses the classification of animals based on their ability to regulate body temperature, and the mechanisms by which warm-blooded animals maintain a constant core temperature. It describes how the hypothalamus acts as the main heat-regulating center in the brain, controlling heat production and loss through the autonomic nervous system and endocrine glands. Thermoreceptors in the skin and blood provide feedback to the hypothalamus on environmental and core temperatures. The spinal cord transmits signals between the hypothalamus and peripheral organs that regulate circulation, shivering, and sweating.
vital signs part 1 - the temp and pulsejhonee balmeo
This document discusses vital signs, with a focus on body temperature and pulse. It defines the different types of body temperature and factors that can affect temperature. Precise measurement of temperature is important for detecting illnesses or monitoring medical conditions. The document provides guidance on nursing interventions for patients with fever or hypothermia.
This document discusses body temperature regulation. It defines core body temperature, skin temperature, and ambient temperature. It describes how the body maintains core temperature through thermoregulation mechanisms like sweating, vasodilation, shivering and metabolic heat production. Temperature is sensed by receptors in the skin and deep tissues, and signals are transmitted to the hypothalamus which controls effectors to increase or decrease heat production and loss as needed to keep temperature in the normal range.
Temperature Regulation Of The Human BodyAlok Kumar
The human body actively regulates its core temperature between 98-100°F through various heat transfer mechanisms. When the environment is warmer than the body, the primary mechanisms for maintaining temperature are perspiration and evaporative cooling. Sweating removes excess heat from the body surface through the large heat of vaporization required to evaporate water. This process allows the body to lose heat even when surrounded by temperatures higher than its own.
Hydrotherapy is an important therapeutic modalities and while giving therapy we need to know the science of Hydrotherapy. This PPT describes the sciences of Hydrotherapy.
This document discusses temperature and humidity. It begins by defining temperature and explaining different methods of temperature measurement, including mercury thermometers, resistance thermometers, and thermistors. It then discusses measuring body temperature, factors that influence body temperature, and methods of heat transfer from the body. The document also covers thermoregulation, causes of hyperthermia, temperature changes during surgery, effects of hypothermia, and methods for preventing hypothermia, including through the use of humidity.
The document discusses exercise and environmental conditions. It covers topics like exercise in heat and cold environments, at high altitudes, and the body's responses to exercise. It describes factors like climate, weather, dehydration, and heat/cold-related illnesses. It explains how the body regulates temperature through mechanisms like conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation. It also covers warning signs of overtraining and discusses the neurohormonal control of stress responses during exercise.
The document discusses the regulation of body temperature in animals and humans. It covers several topics:
- Animals are classified as warm-blooded or cold-blooded based on their ability to regulate body temperature.
- Temperature is regulated by balancing heat production (thermogenesis) and heat loss (thermolysis) mechanisms. The hypothalamus acts as the main temperature regulating center in the brain.
- Heat is produced through metabolism and lost through radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation from the skin and lungs. The autonomic nervous system and hormones help regulate heat production and loss.
The document discusses the classification of animals based on their ability to regulate body temperature, and the mechanisms by which warm-blooded animals maintain a constant core temperature. It describes how the hypothalamus acts as the main heat-regulating center in the brain, controlling heat production and loss through the autonomic nervous system and endocrine glands. Thermoreceptors in the skin and blood provide feedback to the hypothalamus on environmental and core temperatures. The spinal cord transmits signals between the hypothalamus and peripheral organs that regulate circulation, shivering, and sweating.
vital signs part 1 - the temp and pulsejhonee balmeo
This document discusses vital signs, with a focus on body temperature and pulse. It defines the different types of body temperature and factors that can affect temperature. Precise measurement of temperature is important for detecting illnesses or monitoring medical conditions. The document provides guidance on nursing interventions for patients with fever or hypothermia.
This document discusses body temperature regulation. It defines core body temperature, skin temperature, and ambient temperature. It describes how the body maintains core temperature through thermoregulation mechanisms like sweating, vasodilation, shivering and metabolic heat production. Temperature is sensed by receptors in the skin and deep tissues, and signals are transmitted to the hypothalamus which controls effectors to increase or decrease heat production and loss as needed to keep temperature in the normal range.
Temperature Regulation Of The Human BodyAlok Kumar
The human body actively regulates its core temperature between 98-100°F through various heat transfer mechanisms. When the environment is warmer than the body, the primary mechanisms for maintaining temperature are perspiration and evaporative cooling. Sweating removes excess heat from the body surface through the large heat of vaporization required to evaporate water. This process allows the body to lose heat even when surrounded by temperatures higher than its own.
Hydrotherapy is an important therapeutic modalities and while giving therapy we need to know the science of Hydrotherapy. This PPT describes the sciences of Hydrotherapy.
This document discusses temperature and humidity. It begins by defining temperature and explaining different methods of temperature measurement, including mercury thermometers, resistance thermometers, and thermistors. It then discusses measuring body temperature, factors that influence body temperature, and methods of heat transfer from the body. The document also covers thermoregulation, causes of hyperthermia, temperature changes during surgery, effects of hypothermia, and methods for preventing hypothermia, including through the use of humidity.
The document discusses exercise and environmental conditions. It covers topics like exercise in heat and cold environments, at high altitudes, and the body's responses to exercise. It describes factors like climate, weather, dehydration, and heat/cold-related illnesses. It explains how the body regulates temperature through mechanisms like conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation. It also covers warning signs of overtraining and discusses the neurohormonal control of stress responses during exercise.
Vital signs are measurements of the body's most basic functions. The four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical professionals and health care providers include the following:
Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
Blood pressure
5.exercise in different environment.pptxEshetuGirma1
The document discusses various environmental conditions that can affect exercise performance, including heat, cold, altitude, and pollution. It describes the physiological impacts of exercising in different temperatures and altitudes, such as hyperthermia, hypothermia, frostbite, and altitude sickness. Prevention and treatment strategies are provided for related illnesses like heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. The key is to properly warm or cool the body as needed and rehydrate in hot conditions.
This document discusses physiology of thermoregulation. It describes the role of the hypothalamus in integrating thermoregulatory reflexes and controlling effectors like sweat glands and muscles. It discusses various mechanisms the body uses to regulate temperature, including losing heat through evaporation from sweat and the respiratory system, as well as gaining and losing heat through radiation, conduction and blood flow to the skin. It also describes behavioral mechanisms like changing clothing and environment to regulate temperature.
Temperature has a major influence on animal energetics. For animals with variable body temperatures, metabolic rate fluctuates with environmental temperature, while animals that maintain a constant temperature expend energy to do so. Enzymatic reaction rates are highly temperature dependent, so organisms regulate internal temperatures compatible with metabolic reactions. Animals can acclimate to temperature changes through adjustments to enzyme quantities and membrane lipid compositions that stabilize metabolic function over a range of temperatures. Heat transfer between animals and their environments involves conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation and heat storage.
The next is cooling of infrared detectors or telescopes or cold probes are some of the major
applications of cryogenics. I have to use infrared detector in space because when I am
taking night surveillance, when I taking picture, I have got infrared detectors. Now, in
order to get a good signal to noise ratio; that means, in order to get a good
Cryogenics involves reducing the temperature of components to extremely cold levels, usually below -250°C. There are two main methods for producing cryogenic temperatures - Linde's system and Claude's system, which both use compression and expansion of gases. Cryogenics has applications in aerospace, medicine, manufacturing, and electronics. In aerospace, cryogenic engines use liquid hydrogen and oxygen as propellants. In medicine, cryosurgery uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal tissue. Manufacturing uses cryogenic treatment to improve tool durability. Electronics utilizes cryogenics to enable superconducting devices.
This document defines and discusses vital signs, with a focus on body temperature. It defines vital signs as basic physiological measurements that assess health. The four main vital signs are identified as body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. Body temperature is defined as the balance between heat production and loss in the body. Normal body temperature ranges are provided. Methods of measuring body temperature are explained, including oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic and other electronic methods. Factors that influence body temperature are also outlined.
The document discusses thermoregulation and the implications of hyperthermia and hypothermia during anesthesia. It covers topics such as the body's normal mechanisms for regulating temperature, how anesthesia can impair these mechanisms, different methods for monitoring body temperature, and various methods used to control body temperature during anesthesia. Maintaining normothermia is important as hypothermia can have deleterious effects and increase complications.
Thermal comfort is affected by air temperature, humidity, air movement, and radiation. The human body maintains a narrow core temperature range through thermoregulation mechanisms like sweating and vasodilation. Different thermal environments impact heat loss through various means like convection, conduction, evaporation, and radiation. Prolonged exposure to uncomfortable conditions can cause irritation, discomfort, and health issues if the body cannot maintain homeostasis. Individual factors like clothing, acclimatization, age, and health also influence thermal comfort preferences.
The document discusses thermoregulation in the human body. It describes how the body maintains a normal temperature through balancing heat production and heat loss. The main mechanisms of heat production are muscle activity and shivering. The primary mechanisms of heat loss are radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation. The hypothalamus acts as the main thermoregulatory center that detects temperature changes and initiates heat conservation or dissipation responses to maintain the normal body temperature around 37°C.
Thermoregulation: Implications of Hypothermia & Hyperthermia in AnaesthesiaZareer Tafadar
1. Thermoregulation and maintaining normal body temperature is important for physiological functions. Anesthesia can impair this control.
2. Mild hypothermia during surgery can triple complications like infections and prolong recovery. Understanding normal and anesthetic-influenced thermoregulation helps prevent issues.
3. The body regulates temperature through thermoreceptors, the hypothalamus controlling effectors like vasoconstriction and sweating, and behaviors. Anesthesia can disrupt these homeostatic mechanisms.
Body temperature by Pandian M, Tutor Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP, this PPT f...Pandian M
BODY TEMPERATURE
HEAT BALANCE
Mechanisms of heat gain
Mechanisms of heat loss
VARIATIONS OF BODY TEMPERATURE
REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE
Thermoreceptors
Hypothalamus: the thermostat
Thermoregulatory effector mechanisms
ABNORMALITIES OF BODY TEMPERATURE
The document discusses body temperature regulation and factors that can alter it. It defines key terms like thermogenesis, thermolyis, basal metabolic rate, and circadian rhythm. It describes the normal ranges for oral, rectal, tympanic, and axillary temperatures. Temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus through neural control of the circulatory system, skin, and behavioral responses. Mechanisms for heat production include basal metabolism, movement, shivering, and non-shivering thermogenesis. Heat is lost through radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation. The document summarizes how the body responds to cold with heat production and responses to heat with increased heat loss.
Temperature practical cum theory part by Pandian M, From DYPMCKOP. This PPT f...Pandian M
INTRODUCTION
HOMEOTHERMIC ANIMALS
POIKILOTHERMIC ANIMALS
BODY TEMPERATURE
Normal Body Temperatures
VARIATIONS OF BODY TEMPERATURE
Pathological Variations
HEAT GAIN OR HEAT PRODUCTIONIN THE BODY
HEAT LOSS FROM THE BODY
Regulation of Body Temperature
Hypothalamus has two centers which regulate the body temperature:
Applied
The human body responds to heat stress through various mechanisms controlled by the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center. When core body temperature rises above 37°C, the body initiates heat loss responses like sweating and vasodilation to transfer heat to the skin where it can be dissipated. If skin temperature drops below 37°C, heat production mechanisms like shivering are activated. Prolonged heat exposure can lead to heat illness ranging from mild conditions like heat cramps and heat edema to the life-threatening heat stroke. Acclimatization over 10 days allows the body to better regulate temperature and sweat in hot environments.
The document discusses the thermodynamic properties of refrigerators. It describes the key components of a refrigerator - the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. It explains how each component works and how refrigeration is achieved through the phase change of refrigerants. Specifically, the refrigerant is compressed and condensed in the compressor and condenser, expanded through a throttling device, and evaporated in the evaporator, absorbing heat from the refrigerator. The coefficient of performance is introduced as a measure of a refrigerator's effectiveness. Applications of refrigeration like ice manufacturing and food preservation are also listed.
Vital signs are measurements of the body's most basic functions. The four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical professionals and health care providers include the following:
Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
Blood pressure
5.exercise in different environment.pptxEshetuGirma1
The document discusses various environmental conditions that can affect exercise performance, including heat, cold, altitude, and pollution. It describes the physiological impacts of exercising in different temperatures and altitudes, such as hyperthermia, hypothermia, frostbite, and altitude sickness. Prevention and treatment strategies are provided for related illnesses like heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. The key is to properly warm or cool the body as needed and rehydrate in hot conditions.
This document discusses physiology of thermoregulation. It describes the role of the hypothalamus in integrating thermoregulatory reflexes and controlling effectors like sweat glands and muscles. It discusses various mechanisms the body uses to regulate temperature, including losing heat through evaporation from sweat and the respiratory system, as well as gaining and losing heat through radiation, conduction and blood flow to the skin. It also describes behavioral mechanisms like changing clothing and environment to regulate temperature.
Temperature has a major influence on animal energetics. For animals with variable body temperatures, metabolic rate fluctuates with environmental temperature, while animals that maintain a constant temperature expend energy to do so. Enzymatic reaction rates are highly temperature dependent, so organisms regulate internal temperatures compatible with metabolic reactions. Animals can acclimate to temperature changes through adjustments to enzyme quantities and membrane lipid compositions that stabilize metabolic function over a range of temperatures. Heat transfer between animals and their environments involves conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation and heat storage.
The next is cooling of infrared detectors or telescopes or cold probes are some of the major
applications of cryogenics. I have to use infrared detector in space because when I am
taking night surveillance, when I taking picture, I have got infrared detectors. Now, in
order to get a good signal to noise ratio; that means, in order to get a good
Cryogenics involves reducing the temperature of components to extremely cold levels, usually below -250°C. There are two main methods for producing cryogenic temperatures - Linde's system and Claude's system, which both use compression and expansion of gases. Cryogenics has applications in aerospace, medicine, manufacturing, and electronics. In aerospace, cryogenic engines use liquid hydrogen and oxygen as propellants. In medicine, cryosurgery uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal tissue. Manufacturing uses cryogenic treatment to improve tool durability. Electronics utilizes cryogenics to enable superconducting devices.
This document defines and discusses vital signs, with a focus on body temperature. It defines vital signs as basic physiological measurements that assess health. The four main vital signs are identified as body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. Body temperature is defined as the balance between heat production and loss in the body. Normal body temperature ranges are provided. Methods of measuring body temperature are explained, including oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic and other electronic methods. Factors that influence body temperature are also outlined.
The document discusses thermoregulation and the implications of hyperthermia and hypothermia during anesthesia. It covers topics such as the body's normal mechanisms for regulating temperature, how anesthesia can impair these mechanisms, different methods for monitoring body temperature, and various methods used to control body temperature during anesthesia. Maintaining normothermia is important as hypothermia can have deleterious effects and increase complications.
Thermal comfort is affected by air temperature, humidity, air movement, and radiation. The human body maintains a narrow core temperature range through thermoregulation mechanisms like sweating and vasodilation. Different thermal environments impact heat loss through various means like convection, conduction, evaporation, and radiation. Prolonged exposure to uncomfortable conditions can cause irritation, discomfort, and health issues if the body cannot maintain homeostasis. Individual factors like clothing, acclimatization, age, and health also influence thermal comfort preferences.
The document discusses thermoregulation in the human body. It describes how the body maintains a normal temperature through balancing heat production and heat loss. The main mechanisms of heat production are muscle activity and shivering. The primary mechanisms of heat loss are radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation. The hypothalamus acts as the main thermoregulatory center that detects temperature changes and initiates heat conservation or dissipation responses to maintain the normal body temperature around 37°C.
Thermoregulation: Implications of Hypothermia & Hyperthermia in AnaesthesiaZareer Tafadar
1. Thermoregulation and maintaining normal body temperature is important for physiological functions. Anesthesia can impair this control.
2. Mild hypothermia during surgery can triple complications like infections and prolong recovery. Understanding normal and anesthetic-influenced thermoregulation helps prevent issues.
3. The body regulates temperature through thermoreceptors, the hypothalamus controlling effectors like vasoconstriction and sweating, and behaviors. Anesthesia can disrupt these homeostatic mechanisms.
Body temperature by Pandian M, Tutor Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP, this PPT f...Pandian M
BODY TEMPERATURE
HEAT BALANCE
Mechanisms of heat gain
Mechanisms of heat loss
VARIATIONS OF BODY TEMPERATURE
REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE
Thermoreceptors
Hypothalamus: the thermostat
Thermoregulatory effector mechanisms
ABNORMALITIES OF BODY TEMPERATURE
The document discusses body temperature regulation and factors that can alter it. It defines key terms like thermogenesis, thermolyis, basal metabolic rate, and circadian rhythm. It describes the normal ranges for oral, rectal, tympanic, and axillary temperatures. Temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus through neural control of the circulatory system, skin, and behavioral responses. Mechanisms for heat production include basal metabolism, movement, shivering, and non-shivering thermogenesis. Heat is lost through radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation. The document summarizes how the body responds to cold with heat production and responses to heat with increased heat loss.
Temperature practical cum theory part by Pandian M, From DYPMCKOP. This PPT f...Pandian M
INTRODUCTION
HOMEOTHERMIC ANIMALS
POIKILOTHERMIC ANIMALS
BODY TEMPERATURE
Normal Body Temperatures
VARIATIONS OF BODY TEMPERATURE
Pathological Variations
HEAT GAIN OR HEAT PRODUCTIONIN THE BODY
HEAT LOSS FROM THE BODY
Regulation of Body Temperature
Hypothalamus has two centers which regulate the body temperature:
Applied
The human body responds to heat stress through various mechanisms controlled by the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center. When core body temperature rises above 37°C, the body initiates heat loss responses like sweating and vasodilation to transfer heat to the skin where it can be dissipated. If skin temperature drops below 37°C, heat production mechanisms like shivering are activated. Prolonged heat exposure can lead to heat illness ranging from mild conditions like heat cramps and heat edema to the life-threatening heat stroke. Acclimatization over 10 days allows the body to better regulate temperature and sweat in hot environments.
The document discusses the thermodynamic properties of refrigerators. It describes the key components of a refrigerator - the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. It explains how each component works and how refrigeration is achieved through the phase change of refrigerants. Specifically, the refrigerant is compressed and condensed in the compressor and condenser, expanded through a throttling device, and evaporated in the evaporator, absorbing heat from the refrigerator. The coefficient of performance is introduced as a measure of a refrigerator's effectiveness. Applications of refrigeration like ice manufacturing and food preservation are also listed.
Similar to Temperature, types and thermogenesis , thermoregulation.pptx (20)
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তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. INTRODUCTION : -
• IT IS A MEASUREMENT OF THE AVERAGE ENERGY OF THE
MOLECULE IN AN OBJECT OR SYSTEM
• THERMOMETER OR CALORIMETER IT IS DETERMING THE
INTERNAL ENERGY CONTAINED
3. DEFINITION : -
• AMOUNT OF HIT MAINTAIN BY BODY OR DIFFRENCE
BETWEEN HIT PRODUCTION HIT LOSS COULD BODY
TEMPERATURE .
OR
• BODY TEMPERATURE MAY BE DEFINED AS THE DEGREE OF
HEAT MAINTAINED BY THE BODY OR IT IS THE BALANCE
BETWEEN THE HEAT PRODUCED AND THE HEAT LOSS IN
THE BODY.
4. TYPES OF BODY TEMPERATURE : -
BODY TEMPERATURE IS OF TWO TYPES :
1. CORE TEMPERATURE
2. SURFACE TEMPERATURE
5. 1. CORE TEMPERATURE
• CORE TEMPERATURE IS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE DEEP TISSUE OF
THE BODY . SUCH AS ABDOMINAL CAVITY AND THORACIC CAVITY
AND TEMPERATURE
• THE NORMAL CORE BODY TEMPERATURES IS A RANGE 36.5 TO 37.5
DEGREE CELSIUS
• THE BODY HAS REGULATE CORE TEMPERATURE DEPENDING UPON
THE HEAT PRODUCED AND THE BLOOD FLOW.
6. 2.SURFACE BODY TEMPERATURE
• SURFACE BODY TEMPERATURE OF THE SKIN ,SUBCUTANEOUS
TISSUE AND FAT CELLS BY CONTRAST RISES AND FALLS IN
RESPONSE TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL
• IT IS DOESN’T INDICATE INTERNAL PHYSIOLOGY
• MEASURE WITH THERMOMETER
7. REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE
MAINTAIN BY TWO MECHANISMS : -
1. THERMOGENESIS.
2. THERMOLYSIS
8. 1. THERMOGENESIS : -
• A CHEMICAL REGULATION BY THE
PRODUCTION BY HEAT AND CONTROL BY
POSTERIOR PARTS HEAT PRODUCTION OF
HYPOTHALAMUS.
9. PRODUCTION OF HEAT IN THE BODY
1. OXIDATION OF THE FOOD : - DURING THE METABOLISM
OF PROTEIN CARBOHYDRATES AND FAT HEAT PRODUCED AS BY
PRODUCT.
ONE GRAM OF CARBOHYDRATES GIVE 4 KCL HEAT
ONE GRAM OF PROTEIN GIVE 4 KCL HEAT
ONE GRAM OF FAT GIVE 9 KCL HEAT
2.SPECIFIC DAYNAMIC ACTION : - IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS
THERMIC EFFECT OF FOOD.
10. • SPECIFIC DAYNAMIC ACTION OF CARBOHYDRATES IS 5 TO 6 %
• SPECIFIC DAYNAMIC ACTION OF PROTEIN IN 30 %
• SPECIFIC DAYNAMIC ACTION OF MIXED DIET 12 %
3. EXERCISE : - DURING EXERCISE HEAT IS PRODUCED FASTER
THAN IT IS ELIMINATED FROM THE BODY .
• THE HEAVIER THE EXERCISES THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT IN THE
BODY DURING EXERCISE THE BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE SKIN IN THE
INCREASED AND THE INDIVIDUAL FEEL HOT
4. HORMONAL EFFECT : - INCREASED ACTIVITY OF THE
THYROID GLAND AND THE ADRENAL GLAND RISE THE BODY
TEMPERATURE .
• HORMONES ARE RELEASED INTO THE BLOOD THEY STIMULATE THE
11. 5 ENVIRONMENTAL : - HIGH ROOM TEMPERATURE INCENSE THE
BODY TEMPERATURE
• VERY HIGH EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE MAY UPSET THE HEAT
REGULATING MECHANISM AND THE TEMPERATURE OF BODY
INCREASED HIGH LEVEL SUN STROKE HEAT STROKE
5. DISEASED CONDITION : -
• FEVER OR PYREXIA IS CAUSED BY THE BACTERIAL INVISION.
• THE DEGREE OF TEMPERATURE DEPENDS UPON THE SEVERITY OF
INFECTION
12. 2. THERMOLYSIS : -
A PHYSICAL REGULATION BY LOSS OF HEAT ANTERIOR PART OF
HYPOTHALAMUS
• LOSING HEAT FROM THE BODY DIFFERENT ORGANS : -
1. THROUGH THE SKIN : - 60 % THE SKIN ACTS ONE OF THE
IMPORTANT ORGAN IN THE HEAT REGULATION .
• IT IS CONTROLLED BY HYPOTHALAMUS
• DUE TO VASODILATION MORE BLOOD COMES TO THE SKIN AND HEAT
IS LOST BY MEANS OF CONDUCTION, CONVECTION , RADIATION ,
EVAPORATION
13. 2. CONDUCTION : - IS THE TRANSFER OF HEAT DIRECTLY THROUGH A
SUBSTANCE FROM HOT PART TO THE COLD PART .
• FROM ONE MOLECULE TO THE OTHER BY DIRECT CONTACT.
• VERY LITTLE HEAT IS LOST BY CONDUCTION.
3. CONVECTION : - IS THE METHOD OF THE TRANSFER OF HEAT BY
CIRCULATING AIR OR LIQUID AND IT DEPENDS UPON THE AIR MOVEMENT
AND THE TEMPERATURE OF THE ATOMESHPHARE.
4. RADIATION : - IS THE TRANSFER OF HEAT FROM THE SURFACE OF
ONE OBJECT TO ANOTHER WHICH ARE NOT IN CONTACT WITH EACH
OTHER
5. EVAPORATION : - IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH A SUBSTANCE IN
LIQUID STATE IS CHANGED INTO VAPOUR
• SUCH A PROCESS REQUIRES HEAT .
14. 6. THROUGH THE LUNGS : - THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR WHICH
IS TAKEN TO THE LUNGS TO THE OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND IT IS LOWER
THAN THAT OF THE BODY TEMPERATURE
7. THROUGH THE KIDNEY : - THE KIDNEY SECRETE URINE WHICH IS
WARMED BY THE HEAT TAKEN FROM THE BODY .
• AS THE URINE OF IS EXCRETED THE HEAT IS ALSO LOST FROM THE
BODY
15. PARTS OF THE BODY WHERE THE TEMPERATURE IS
TAKEN : -
• THE TEMPERATURE IS HIGHEST WHEN TAKEN BY RECTUM .
• IT IS 1•F HIGHER THAN THE ORAL TEMPERATURE.
• II. THE TEMPERATURE IS LOWEST WHEN TAKEN BY AXILLA .
• IT IS 1•F LESS THAN THE ORAL TEMPERATURE.
• ORAL TEMPERATURE : - 98.6 •F (37•C )
• RECTAL TEMPERATURE : - 99. 6 •F ( 37.5• C )
• AXILLARY TEMPERATURE : - 97.6 •F ( 36.4•C )