This is pdf knowledge for vital sign in respiration breathing pattern

1. Respiratio
n

2. Respiration rate : -
Respiration is the act of breathing
and includes the intake of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide.

3. Ventilation : - is also another word which refers
to movement of air in and out of the lung.
Hyperventilation : - is a very deep rapid
respiration.
Hypo ventilation : - is a very shallow respiration.

4. Two types of breathing : -
1. Costal thoracic : - observed
By the movement of chest up ward and down ward.
Commonly used for adults.
2. Diaphragmatic abdominal: -
Involves the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm
observed movement of abdominal. Commonly used for
children.

5. Factors affecting respiration
: -
• Age
• Medication
• Stress
• Exercise
• Attitude
• Gender
• Ingestion of food and digestion
• Disease condition

6. Characteristics of respiration
: -
• The normal respiration is 16 – 20 breath/ min in healthy person in normal condition.
• Normal respiration called eupnoea.
• Respiratory centre situated into medulla oblongata.
1. Rate : - is described in rate per minute
- healthy adult respiration rate 16 – 20 breath / min is measured for full
Minute if regular for 30 seconds.
2. Rhythm : - is the regularity of expiration and inspiration.
- normal breathing is automatic and effortless.
3. Depth : - described as normal deep or shallow.
Deep a large volume of air inhaled and exhaled most of the lungs.

7. Abnormal respiration : -
• Tachypnoea : - respiration rate more than 24 breath / minute.
• Bradypnea : - Respiration rate less than 16 breath / min.
• Dyspnea : - difficulty In breathing or laboured breathing.
• Apnea : - periodic absences of breathing also known as
eheynestokes respiration.

8. Normal value of respiration rate
: -
• New born 30 – 80
• Early childhood 20 – 40
• Late childhood. 15 – 25
• Adulthood men. 14 – 18
• Female. 16 – 20