Nephrosis period1
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Nephrosis is a degenerative kidney disease where the kidneys start to lose function over time. It can be caused by defects in the glomeruli or be secondary to other conditions like diabetes or hypertension that damage the kidneys. Symptoms include swelling in the face and legs from fluid retention, protein in the urine, high cholesterol, and low blood protein. Treatments may include medications to reduce inflammation, antibiotics for infection, dialysis for kidney failure, and following a low-salt, low-fat diet with exercise.
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DEFINITION OF NEPHRITIS
TYPES OF NEPHRITIS
SUB TYPES OF NEPHRITIS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NEPHRITIS
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Nephrosis, also known as nephrotic syndrome, is a condition caused by damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys which results in excessive protein being released into the urine. It can be caused by various kidney diseases, medications, infections, genetic disorders, and immune system issues. Symptoms include swelling in the hands and feet from protein in the urine. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause through medications, dietary changes, and controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
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Causes:-
Life style
Genetics factor
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Gestational Diabetes: Is the increasing of blood sugar levels for Some women tend to experience high levels of blood glucose as during pregnancy due to reduced sensitivity of insulin receptors.
CAUSES :
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. Usually, the body's own immune system — which normally fights harmful bacteria and viruses — mistakenly destroys cells which the insulin-producing (islets of Langerhans) cells in the pancreas. Other possible causes include:
Genetics
Exposure to viruses and other environmental factors
Endocrine disorders such as acromegaly , Cushing's syndrome
Endocrine disorders e.g. Pancreatitis .
Medications e.g. glucocorticoids , niacin , pentamine alpha- interferons .
Micro vascular complications (zeroplateas , neutrophils , eosinophil's )
Macro vascular complications (CHF , stroke , peripheral vascular disease)
SYMPTOMS :
Type 1 diabetes signs and symptoms can appear relatively suddenly and may include:
Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Bed-wetting in children who previously didn't wet the bed during the night
Extreme hunger
Unintended weight loss
Irritability and other mood changes
Fatigue and weakness
Blurred vision
PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT :
Insulin:
People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin every day. You usually take the insulin through an injection.
Metformin :
Metformin is a type of oral diabetes medication. For many years, it was only used in people with type 2 diabetes. However, some people with type 1 diabetes can develop insulin resistance. That means the insulin they get from injections doesn’t work as well as it should.
Metformin helps lower sugar in the blood by reducing sugar production in the liver. Your doctor may advise you to take Metformin in addition to insulin.
B) NON- PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT :
CONTROL THE SYMPTOMS .
EXERCISES
MONITORING THE SUGAR LEVELS
HEALTHY FOODS .
Kidny
This document discusses chronic kidney disease, which slowly damages the kidneys over months or years. The main causes are diabetes and high blood pressure. As the kidneys become less functional, waste builds up in the blood and the patient may experience symptoms like fatigue, nausea, and swelling. Tests can detect kidney damage and declining function. In the final stages, called end-stage renal disease, dialysis or transplant is needed to clean the blood. Home treatments focus on controlling blood pressure and blood sugar, healthy eating and exercise, and avoiding smoking.
Nephroti1
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by protein in the urine, low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, and swelling. It is caused by damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys, which filter waste and fluids. Common causes include minimal change disease in children and membranous glomerulonephritis in adults. Symptoms include swelling, poor appetite, and weight gain. Treatment focuses on controlling the underlying cause, managing symptoms like swelling and high cholesterol, and preventing complications such as infections and kidney damage.
Diabetic Kidney Disease
Diabetic kidney disease is a common complication of long-standing diabetes that can progress to kidney failure. It is characterized by persistent protein in the urine and declining kidney function over time. Risk factors include poor blood sugar and blood pressure control, family history, smoking, and genetic predisposition. Symptoms may not appear until late stages, so regular screening of urine protein and kidney function is important. Treatment focuses on strict blood sugar and blood pressure control through medications and lifestyle changes. Newer drugs that target additional disease pathways are being studied to help slow progression as current therapies are often not sufficient on their own. Proper management can help prevent or delay the need for dialysis or transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease.
NCD Training Module 4.4 Chronic Complication of Diabetic Mellitus.ppt
This document discusses chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. It describes long-term effects like vision defects, kidney failure, and nerve damage. Risk factors include hyperglycemia as well as genetic and lifestyle factors. Complications are microvascular, affecting small blood vessels, and macrovascular, involving large vessels. Prevention requires controlling blood sugar through lifestyle changes and medication to delay complications like eye, kidney, and heart disease.
Liver diseases and treatment Overview
This document provides an overview of liver disease. It discusses the functions of the liver, causes of liver disease including viruses, alcohol, medications, and chemicals. Liver diseases are divided into acute and chronic categories. Symptoms of acute liver disease are described. Chronic liver disease may have no symptoms initially. Specific diseases like alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis A, B, C and liver cancer are then explained in terms of symptoms, causes, risk factors, prevention and treatment. Cirrhosis of the liver and its causes and mechanisms are also outlined.
Diabetes freedom
This document provides information about diabetes mellitus (DM), including the three main types: Type 1 DM results from the pancreas not producing enough insulin; Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance and a lack of insulin may develop; Gestational diabetes occurs in pregnant women without diabetes. DM is characterized by high blood sugar levels over time and can cause complications affecting major organs if untreated. The causes, signs and symptoms, and long term complications of each type are described.
PBH101 Assignment on CKD
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as a progressive loss of renal function over months or years that is identified by increased creatinine levels and protein or blood in the urine. The two main causes of CKD are diabetes and high blood pressure, which together account for two-thirds of cases. Symptoms of CKD may not appear until later stages and include fatigue, poor appetite, and swollen limbs. Anyone can develop CKD, but those with diabetes, high blood pressure, family history, older age, or certain ethnicities are at higher risk. CKD is diagnosed through tests of kidney function and imaging and staged based on glomerular filtration rate.
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Nephrosis period1
- 3. What is Nephrosis? Degenerative disease: kidneys start to lose function & deteriorate Caused by defect in glomeruli Can be a secondary disease Can lead to kidney failure
- 4. Causes Secondary disease: hypertension, diabetes, myeloma etc. Caused by different disorders that cause damage to kidneys
- 5. Who does it affect? Children between the ages of 18 months & 5 years Happens twice as often in boys than girls A person at any age can get it
- 7. In Canada ... 16 out of 100,000 Canadians will be diagnosed with nephrosis
- 8. Symptoms Bloating of face and legs caused by the body retaining excess water Lots of protein in urine High cholesterol levels Low blood protein levels
- 10. Risk factors Diabetes Lupus Exposure to drugs or toxins Certain infections
- 12. Treatments Diet & exercise Medication to reduce inflammation in kidneys Antibiotics to stop infection Dialysis may be needed if it leads to kidney failure
- 13. Treatment depends on the cause of nephrosis If it is a secondary disease, the first disease must be treated
- 14. Diet and exercise Mandatory for treatment of nephrosis High activity levels reduce risk of blood clots Low fat, low salt diet Bloating is not affected by fluid intake, but salt intake instead Even regular amounts of salt will cause the body to retain large amounts of water